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We meet with no poetical prodriction in this reigia :and of prose-writers the number is liaconsiderable, as Gillappear sto in the folio ing account of them.
Velleius Paterculus was horn os an Equestrian famiij v in Campania, and served as a military Tribune under Tiberius, in his expeditions in Gaul and Germany. He composed an Epitome of the History of Greece, and of Rome, withthat os other nations os remote antiqui ty: but of this wor Ethere only rema in fragments of the history of Greece Arid Rome, frona the conquest os Perseus, to the se venteentii year of the reigra os Tiberius. It is writtera in two books, addi essed to M. Vinicius, who held the ossice of Consul. Rapid in the narrative, and concise as weli as elegant in style, this production exhibiis a plensing epitome of ancient transadhions, enti vened occasionalty with anecdotes, and an expressive description os charactei s. In treating Ofthe fami ly of Augustus, Paterculus is jus ly liable to the imputation os partiali ty, which he incurs stili more in thela iter period of his history, by the prat se whicli is lavisti-ed on Tiberius and ille minister Sejanus. He intimates a desagia os giving a more fuit account of the civit warwhicli followed the de ath of Julius Caesar; but this, is heever a Complistaed it, has not been transmitted to posteri-ty. Candid, but decided in his judgment of motives and actions, is we excepi his invectives against Pompey, heslows litile propensi ty to Censure ; but in awarding prat se,
he is not equat ly pars moniolas, and , On i me OCCasIOAS, risscs the imputation of hyperbole. The grace, hO CVer, and the apparent sinceri ty, with whicli it is besto w
cludes his history with a prayer for the prosperit of the
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sor some time he followed a military lise
count, in ni ne books, of the memorabie apophthegms and adtions os eminent persons ; fit si of the Romans, and a Dter ards of sorei gn nations. The subjects are of vario usLinds, politi Cal, moral, and naturat, ranged into distinct lasses. His transsitions frona one subjecit to another areosten performed with graces ulness ; and where he offers any rem arks, they generalty sho the author to be a manos judgment anil observation. Valerius Maximus ischarge able with no a Tectation os style, but is somelimes deficient in that puri ty os langu age whicli might be eY- pcdted in the age of Tiberius, to whom the work is ad di essed. What inducement the author had to this dedication, we know not; but as it is evident from a passage in the ninth book, that the compliment was palii after the dea thof Sejanus, and consequently in the mos saamescit periodos Tiberius 's reign, we cannot enteria in any high opinionos the independent spirit of Valerius Maximus, who Could submit to Balter a tyrant, in the genith of infamy and de testation. But we cannot ascribe the cause to any delicate artifice, os conveying to Tiberius, indirectly, an admoni tion to res Orm his condue . Such an expedient would haveonly provoked the severest resentinent frona his jeatous'. Phaedrus was a native of Thrace, and was brought to Rome as a s lave. He had the good fortune to come into, the service of Augustus, where, improvingliis talentsby rea ling, he procured tae favor of the em peror, and was made one os ius fre edinem
In the reigri of Tiberius, he translated into iambic versu
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TIBERIUS NERO CA SAst. 3z9 the Fabies of AE p. They are divi ted into five books, and are not lese conspicuous for precision and simplicitu of thought, than for purity and elegarice of style ; Con Veying morat sentiments with unaffect ed eas , and impressive energy. Phaedrus underwent, for sonae time, a persecution from Seianus, who, conscious of his own delinquency, suspect ed that he was obliquet y satiris ed in the
commendations bestowed on virtve by the poet. The work of Phaedrus is one of .the latest which have been brought to light 61nce the revivat os learning. It remain-ed in obscuri ty untii two hundred years 'ago, When it was disco vered in a library at Rheims . Hyginus is laid to have been a native of AleXandria, Or, accOrding to others, a Spaniard. He was, like Phaedrus, a freedman of Augustus; biit, though industrious, he seems not to have improved himself so much as his companion, in theari os composition. He wrote, however, a mythological history, under the titie of Fabies ; a work called
Poeticon Gironomicon, with a treatisse on agri aulture, Commentaries on Virgil, the lives of eminent men, and se me other productions now lost. His rem aining worksare much mutilated, and, is genuine, afford an un- favorabie specimen of his elegance and correetneti as a
Celsus was a physici an in the time of Tiberius, and has written eight books De Med cina, in which he has collected and digested into order, ali thatis valvabie ori the su est, in the Greeli iund Roman authors. The professors of medicine were at that time divided into ili ree sects, viz.
the Dogmati sis, Empirics, and Methodictis: the fit si of
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THE LIFE, L C. Whom deviated test than fae others from the plan os Hippocrates : hut they were in generat ii recori Cilabi e to eachother. in res pedi both of their opinions and practice. Celsus, with great judgia erat, has oc Casionalty adopted particular docti ines frona each of them ; and whatever hendmits into his system, he not only est abiisties by the mos rationat observations, hut confirm8 by iis practical utili-ty. In just nesse of rema rh, in sorce of argument, in precision and perspicui ty, as v eli as in clogance of eXpreiasson, he deserve lly occupies the most distinguiuaed rankam Ougst the medicat writers of antiqui ty. It appears that Celsus lihewise wro te on agri culture, rhetoric, and military astati s ; but of thos e severat treatis es no fragment no
To the writers of this re igia me must adit Apicius Coelius, vilio has test a book De Ke CoquJnaria, of Coohery. There were three Romans of the na me of Apicius, ali rema rhable for their reluiton v. The firlt lived in
the time of the Republic, the last in that of Tr an, and tiae intermediate Apicius under the em perors AU-gustiis and Tiberius. I his man, as Seneca informSias, wasted ora luxurious si ving faecemaes sestertis m, a sum equat to 484 37s polaniis sterting. Upon eXamining the state of his affatus, he found that there rema ined no more of his est a te than centios si forti: ιm, 82, 729l. 3s. Ad. Which seeming to hi in too sinali tolive hipon, he ended his dars by Isison
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I. GERMANICUS, the fallier of C. Caesar, and sorios Drusus and the younger Antonia, was, after hiS adoption by Tiberius, his uncte, preferred to the Quaestors hipsive years before he had attained the legat age; anil, immediately upon the expiration of that ossice, to the Consulsitip. When he was sent to the army in Germany, he quieted the legions, which, upon the ne s of A Uguiatus's death, obstinately refused to accepi of Tiberius fortheir prince, and offered him the goverrament. In whichatair it is dissiculi to say, whether his regarii to filial duty, or the firmnes s of his resolution, was more conspicuous. Soon after he de aled the enem y, and triumphe lupon it. Being then made Consul a second time, before he could enter upon his ossice, he was obliged to setout sudit enly for the east, where, after he had Conquered the Ling of Armenia, and reduced Cappadocia into the form os a province, he died at Antioch ofa lingering distemper, in the thii trafoui th year of his age, not without the suspicion of heing polsoned. Forbesides the livid spois whicli appeared alI over his body, and a foam ing at the molith; when his Corpse was buriat, the heart was found entire, the nature of whicli is sup-pOsed to be svoli, as, when lainted by poison, to resist ali
' ' opinion, lihe somρ others whicli occur in Sue-Y tonius,
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II. It was a prevalling opinion, that he was tahen ossby the contrivance of Tiberius, and through the means of Cn. Piso. This person being about the sanie timemade governor of Syria, and declaring openly that hemust either offend the fallier or the son, as is there was an absolute necessity for it, abused Germanicus, at that time si1ch, in the most scurrilous and eXtravagant manner, both by woriis and deeds : for which, upora his return to
Rome, he narrowly avoided being torn to pieces by thepeople, and was Condemned to dea th by the Senate. III. It is generalty agreed, that Germanicus possessedali the nobie endowments of body and minit in a higher
degree than had ever be re fallen to the tot of any man rhand menes s of person, extraordinary COUrage, great pro sciency in the eloquence and other branches of literature both of Gretice and Rome; hesides a singular humanity, and a bellavio ur so engaging, as to captivate the affectionsos ali about hi m. The smalinesse of his legs did not correspond with the symmetry and bcauty of his person in other respects; but this defect was at longili correct ed by
a Constant custom os riding aster meais. In batile, he frequently encountcred and se the cnem y with his ownhand. He pleaded causes, even aster he had the honor ofa triumph. Amongst other fruits of his studies, he lest belli iid him me Grech comedies. Both at home and abroad he always condu Red himself in a manner the most unassuming. On entering any free and consederate town, he never mould be attended by his Lictors. Whenever helicard in his traveis of the sepulchres of famous men, hetonius, may justly be considered as a vulgar error: and ifthe heart was found entire, it must have been owing to the weaknest of the fre, rather than to any quali ty Communicated, os resisting the power of that lament.
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paid his respects at them to their memory, by the usual offerings. He buri ed in one tonab the scattered relics of those who had been flain with Varus, and was the foremost to put his hand to the work of collecting and bring-ing them to the place of buriat. He was so extremelymi id and gentie to his enemies, whoever they were, Or Onwhat account ever they bore him enmity, that, though Piso cancelled his decrees, and for a long time harassed his dependenis eYtremely, he never mowed the smallest resentinent, tintit he found himself attached by magis
abo ut him the revelage of his death, is he stio uid be cuto is by any violenCC. IV. He reaped the fruit of his nolite qualities in abundance, being so much esteemed and beloved by his friends, that Augustus sto say nothing of his other relations) be inga long time in dolabi, whether he mouid not appoint him his successor, at last ordered Tiberius to adopi him. Heratas so extremely popular, that many authors teli us, thecro iis of those who went to meet him upon his comingto any place, or to attend him at his departure, were soprodigio us, that he was so metimes in danger of his lisse: iliat upon his return to Germany, after he had quelled the mulinies in the arm y there, ali the battalions of theguai dS went to meet him, notwillis aniling the public oi der that only two fhould go for that purpose ; and thatali the rest of the people, both men and women, os ali ages and Conditions, went as far as tu enly miles to attend him
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in the evening, a report without any certain author WASspread, that lie was recovered ; upon whicli the peopte floched with torches and victims to the Capitol, and were in such haste to pay the vows they had made for his r c OVery, that they almost brohe open the doors. Tiberius Was awakened out of his seep with the no ise of the peo Ple Congratulating one another, and si1nging ali round :- The magnificent titie of Κing of Κings has been assumed, at different times, by various potentates. The person to Whomit is here applied, is the king of Ρarthia. Under the kingsos Persia, and even under the Syro-Μacedonian kings, thiScountry Was of no consideration, and rechoned a part of Hyrcania. But upon the revolt of the East horn the Syro-Mace donians, at the instigation of Arsaces, the Parthians are Didio have conquered eighteen Lingdonas. alva
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Salva Roma, salva patria, salvus est Germanicus. Rome is sala, our country sese, Germanicus is Q.
But when certain advice came of his death, the mourning of the people could net ther be afluaged by consolation, nor restrained by edi us, and it continued during theses ival of December. What contributed much to the glory of Germanicus, and the endearment of his memory, was the dismal severity of the subsequunt times ali peo-ple supposing, and with reason, that the fear and awe of him had la id a resti aint nipon the crueitu of Tiberius, which brohe out so on after.
VII. He mari ted Agrippina, the daughter of Μ. Agrippa and Julia, by whom he had ni ne children, two of whom dicit in their infancy, as did another a se yearS after ;a very sprightly pleasant boy, whose effigy, in the CharaC-ter of a Cupid, Livia set up in the temple of Venus in the Capitol. Augustus also placed another of him in his bed-
chamber, and used to kisse ii as osten as he entered the apariment. The res furvived their fallier three daughters, Agrippina, Drusilla, and Livilla, vlo were bornsuccessively in three years ; and as many sons, Nero, Drusus, and C. Caesar. Nero and Drusis, at the accusation os Tiberius, were declared enem ies to the public. VIII. Caius Caesar mas born the day preceding tiae Caleniis of September, when his fallier and C. Fonteius Capito were Consuls. But where he was horia, is render-Cd uncertain frona the number of places whicli are salii toliave gi ven him bii th. Cn. Lentulus Gaetulicus says thathe was boria at Tibur ; Ρli ny the yo unger, in the COUΠ- try of the Treviri, at a village called Ambiatinus, ab Ove
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Confluentes ; and he alledges, as a pro os of it, altars whicli are there saown, with this in pription : For the Delivery of Agrippina. V Some verses which were publisaed in his reign, intimate that he was horn in the winter quarters of the army.
In castris natus, patriis nutritus in armis,
Jam designati principis omen erat. Born in the camp, and train'd in ev'ry toll. Which taught his sire the haughti est foes to scit; Destin 'd he siem'd by fate to raise his name, And rule the empire with Augustan fame.
cules ; and says that he advanced this lye with the more assurance, hecause, the year bes ore the birth of Caius, Germanicus had a son of the sanae name horia at Tibur, Con- cerning whose amiable chililla ood and premature dealbΙ have spolien above. Plinu, it is plain, musi: be mista lien, by the account test iis of those times. For the writers of Augustus 's history ali agree, that Germanicus, at the eXPiration of his Consul stiis, was sent into Gaul, after the birthos Caius. Nor will the inscription upon the altar serve toes ablim Pliny's opinion; because Agrippina was delivere lof two daughters in that country, and any delivery, Without regarii to seX, is called puerperium, on acount that theancients were used to cali giris pueri, and boys puelli. There is likewise cYtant a letter of Augustus's, written a w monilis besere his death, to his grand-daughter Agrippina, abolit the fame Caius si or there vias then no otherchild of hers living under that name). He writes as fol-