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XLIII. He was eXtremely assiduous and in the administration os justice. He expelled froin the Senatu lacti members as were convicted of bribery ; and he dissolved the marriage of a maia os Praetorian rank, who had mari ted a lady truo days after her divorce Dom a formerhus anil, though there was no suspicion that they hadbeen guilty of any unlawful commerce. He imposed duties upon the importation os foreigia goods. The use of litters for travelling, scarlet cloaths, and je eis, he permit- ted only to persons os a certain age, and on particulardays. He en rced a rigid execution of the sumptuarylaws; placing spies about the s iambies, to seiZe upon allineals eXposed to sale contrary to the statutes on ibat sub
es caped the notice of his spies, even When they were uponthe table.
tending the hounds of the empire. In the fit it place, hemeditated the construction os a temple to the God Mars, whicli mould exceed in grandeur every thing of that hindin the worid. For this pili pose, he intended to fili up the lake on which he had entertained the people with a. sea-sight. He also projected a moli spactous theatre
close by the Tarpeian mount: to reduce the civit la into rea nable compassi, and out of that immense and un- digested masi os statutes, to extradi the best and most necessary paris into a few books: to malle as large a
colle 'ion as possibie of literary productions, in the two languages, Greek and Latin; having asiimed toVarro the province of providing and putting them
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in proper order. He intended lihewise to dra in the Pomptine marm, to empty the lake Fucinus, to mahea causeway stom the Upper Sea, through the ritige of the Appennine, to the Tiber; to mahe a Cut through theisthmus of Corinth, to reduce the Dacians, who had
over-run Pontus and Τhrace, With in their proper limiis, and then to mahe war upon the Parthia ias, through the Lesser Armenia, but not to rissi a generat engagement
mitti them, uniit he had made me trial of their military qualifications. But in the in id st os ali his projedis, he was carried oss by death; besere I spea k of whicli, it may not be improper to give a bries account of his
person, drest, and manners, with his vlews and inclina
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used the Latiis Clavus ' with fringes about the wrisis, and always had it giriled abo ut hina but loosely. Thiscircumstance gave origin to the expression of Sylla, vilio osten advised the nobili ty to beware of the looχ- Coated boy.' . XLVI. He fit st lived in Suburra in a finali liouse; but after his advancement to the Pontificate, in a housebelonging to the State in the Sacred Way. Many writers say that he affected neatnesse in his person, and nice-nesse in his entertainments : that he entii ely took downugain a Country-seat, near the grove of Aricia, whicli heerected from the foundation, and fini 1hed at a vas expence, hecause it had not exadtly suited his fancy, thoughhe was at that time poor and in dehi; and that he carriedabout in his expeditions marbie pavement for his tent.
XLVII. They lihewise repori that he invaded Britalia in hopes of finding pearis, the bignest of whicli hewould Compare together, and examine the weight bypoising them in his hand: that he would purcha se atauy costr genas, Carved works, and pictures, eXecuted by the eminent masters of antiqui ty ; and that he wouldove sor handsonae young flaves a price so eXtravagant, iliat he was ashamed to have it entered in the diary of
XLVIII. The fame authors inform us, that he Constantly kept two tables in the provinces, one for the OLη The Latus Clavus was a broad stripe of purple, in the form os a ribbon, sewed to the tunic on the fore pari. There Were properly two such; and it was broad, to distinguisti it
frona that of the Equites, who wore a nan ON One.
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ficers of the army, or the gentiemen of the provinces, and the other for such of the Roman gentry as had nonommission in the troops, and provincials of the frsi distilustion. He was very exast in the management of
ε--Bithynia quicquid Et paedicator Caesaris unquam habuit. Whate'er Bithynia and her Lord posse si 'd, Her Lord who Caesar in his lusi caress 'd.
As well aa the speeches of Dolabella and Curio the fa ther, in Whicli the former calis him the queen's rival, pnd the back-side of the royat couch, V and the lalter, the brothel os Nicomedes, and the Bithynian stew.V Iwould likewise say nothing of tho edidis os Bibulus, in whicli hc proclai med his colleagiae under the nam e of the queen os Bithynia;V dding that he had formet lybeen in love mitti a Ling, but was now without a Lino
dona. V At whicli time, as M. Brutus relates, one Octa-yius, a maia os a craZy brain, and there re the more
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n vitii serving the hing at table, among the rest of his calamites, in the prese iace of a large company, in Whichwere so me merchanis fio m Rome, the names of whomhe mentions. But Cicero, not content With writing insome of his letters, that he was conducted by the guardsinto the Ling's hed-chamber, lay upon a bed of gold witha covering of scarlet, and that the bloom of this descendant of Venus had been tarnisti ed in Bithynia; upon Caesar's pleading the cause of Nysa, Nicomedes's daughter, bes ore the Senate, and recolinting the Ling's kindries testo him, replied, Pray, teli us no more of that; sorit is well known What he gave Fou, and yoia gave him. VI o conclude, his soldiers in the Gallic triumph, amongstother verses, lach as they jocularly sung, in their a
Inon: i . Gallias Caesar subegit, Nicomedes Caesarem: Ecce Caesar nunc triumphat, qui subegit Gallias: 'Nicomedes non triumphat, qui subegit Caesarem. Caesar, the Gauls who vanquish'd in the field, Was made to istam e by Nicomede to yield :A glorious triumph Caesar no employs, But the Bithrnian victor none e sys
L. It is admitted by ali that he was much addicted to
them, and that lie debauched many Iadies of the highest quality; among whom were Pos humi a the wife of Servius Sulpicius, Lollia the wise of Aulus Gabinius, Tertulla the wife of M. Crassus, and likewise Mucia the wise of Cn. Pompey. For it is certa in that the Curio's, fallier End son, and many others, objected to Pompey in re-
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But me mistress whom os ali he most loved, was Servilia, the mother of M. Brutus; for whom he purchased in his Consulahip nexi after the commencement of their intrigue, a pearl whicli cost him s1κ millioris of sesterces; and in the civit war, besides other presenis, consigned toher, sor a trifing consideration, sonae valia aliae estates in Iand, which were eXposed to public auction. Whenmany persons wondered at the lownest of the price,
Cicero faceti sty observed, To let you know horumuch beuer a purchas e this is than ye imagine, Tertia is deducted for Servilia was supposed to have prostituted her daughter Tertia to Caesar LI That he had intrigues like se with married w men in the provinces, appears fio m this distich, whichwas as much repeated in the Gallic triumph as the so
mer :Urbani, servate uxores; moechum calvum adducimus:
Rurum in Gallia effutuisti, heic sumpsisti mutuum. Watch weli your wives, ye ciis, we bring a blade, Α bald-pate master of the wenching trade. Thy gold was spent on many a Gallic W-e ;
LII. In the number of his mistresses, were also me queens, lach as Eunoe, a moor, the wise of Bogudes, towhom and her humand he made, as Naso reporis, many large presents. But his greatest favorite was Cleopatra,
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low him. He asterwards invited her to Rome, Whencehe sent her back loaded with honors and presenis, and gave her permission to call by his name a son, who, according to the testimony of sonae Greek historians, resembled Caesar both in person and gait. Μ: Anthonydeclared in clie Senate, that Caesar had achnowledged thechild as his ori 1a: and that C. Mattius, C. Oppius, and
the rest of Caesai 's friends Enew it to he true. On whichoccasion Oppius, as is it had been an imputation v hichhe was called tapon to refute, publissaed a book to saew, that the child whicli Cleopatra sethered upon Caesar, was not his. ' Helvius Cinna, Tribune of the com mons, tolli severat persons as a sedi, that he had a bili ready dram n up, whicli Caesar had ordered him to get en adted in his absence, that, mitti the view of procuringi siue, he might contradi marriage with any one female, Or as many as he pleased ; and to leave no rocm for dolabios his passting under an infamous character for uianaturalleridness and adultery, Curio, the fallier, says, in one of his speeches, He was the humand of every Woman, and the wise of every man. VI III. It is achnowlcdged even hy his enem ies, that in res pedi of wine he was abstemious. A remarii is ascribed to M. Cato, that he was the Only sober manamongst ali those who were erigaged in a design to Lub-Vert the goverrament.' For, in regard to diei, C. Oppius informs us, he was se indisserent for his own pari, that when a person in whose house he was entertained, had
elegance or Want of attention.
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qucsted money of the Proconsul his predecessor in Spatia, and the Roman alites in that quarter, for the discliarge of
his debis: and me towns of the Lusitanians, notwith- standing they attempted no resistance to his arnas, andos cned to him their gales, iapon his arrival besore them,
he ptundered in a hostile manner. In Gaul, he rifled the Chapeis and temples of the gods, which were filled withricli presenis; and demolis hed cities ostener sor the salieos piunder, than for any offence they had gi ven him. Bythis means gold becam e so plenti l with him, that he ex-changeli it through Italy and the provinces of the empire for three thousand sesterces the pound. In his firsi Con- , sul ip he stole out of the Capitol three thousand potandweight of gold, and placed in the room of it the fame weight os gilt brass. He bartered like ise to foretgn nations and princes, sor gold, the tities of allies and kings;
trium plis and public sirows, by the most flagrant rapinuand sacrilege. LV. In poliat os eloquence and military atchieve-menis, he equalied at least, is he did not surpasse the grea testmen. Aster his prosecution os Dolabella, he was in-
ers. Cicero, in recounting to Brutus the famous Orators, declares, he does not see that Caesar vias inferior to any one of them ; that he had an elegant, splendid, nobie, and magnificent velit of eloquence. ' Anil in a letter to
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IULIUS CAESAI . whail which of ali the orators, who, during the whole coui se of their lives, have done 'nothing else, eany ou prefer besere him t whicli of them is ever more potnred in expression, or more osten commandS JOUT AP-
plause t V In his youth, he seems to have chosen Strabo Caesar as his modet: out of whose oration for the Sardinians he has transcribed some passages literalty into his Divinatio. He is sa id to have delivered himself with asstrill voice, and an animaled action, Which was grace- l. He has test bellind hi in s me speeches, among whicli are a few not genuine ; as that for Metellus. These Augustus supposses, and with reason, to be the production of btundering writers of mori hand, who werenot able to follow him in the delivery, rather than any
thing publimed by himself. For I find in sonte copies
the titte is not for Metellus, but what he wrote to Metellus whereas the speech is delivered in the nameos Caesar, vindicating Metellus and himself frona the aspersions Cast upon them by their common defamers. Thespeech addressed to his soldiers in Spain,' Augustus considers likewise as spurious. Under this titie we meet with two; one made, as is pretended, in the first batile, and the other in the last ; at whicli time Asinius Pollio says, he had not tellare to addi est the soldiers, on account of the sudden assauit of the enem y. LVI. He has lihewise lest Commentaries of his o ntransactions both in the Gallic and the civit war with Pompey; for the author of the Alexandri an, African, and Spanisi ivpars is not known with any certainty. Some thin k theyare the production of Oppius, and me of Hirtius; thel alter of whom composed the last booh, but an imperfeci one, of the Gallic war. of those me moirs of Caesar, Cicero in his Brutus speaks thus He wro te his mem Oirsin
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in a manner that greatly deserves approbation: they areplain, precisse, and elegant, mi thout any affectation ofornament. In having thus prepared materials for suchas might be inclined to compose his history, he may per-haps have encouraged some silly creatures to enter Uponsuch a work, who mill needs be di essing up his adtions in ali the extravagance of bombasi; but he has di Dcouraged wise men frona ever attempting the subjecto. '' Hirtius delivers his opinion of the sanae memoti s in thesollowing terms: So great is the approbation with whichthey are universalty perused, that, instead os exciting, hestems to have precluded the efforis of any futuro historian. V et with rcgard to this sul edi, we have more reason to admire him than Otheis: for they only kno how weli and correetly he has written, but we kno
nius thinks that they were not drawn up with much care, or missi a due regard to truth: for he insinuates that
Caesar vias too hasty of belles with respera to what was performed by others under him; and that, in res pedi of hat he transacted in person, he has not gi ven a Very Lithful account; either with design, or through a defectos memory; eXpressing at the fame time an opinion that Caesar intended a new and more correct production onthe subjecit. He has test bellind him likewise two books of Analogy, with the fame number under the titie of Anti- Cato, and a poem entilled The Journey. Os these boohs he composed the fit sh two, in his passage over the Alps, as he was returning to his ariny from holding the asiasiges in Hither Gaul; the second work about the time of the batile of Munda ; and the last during the four anit enly days he was upon his expedition frona Rometo Farther Spain. There are extant sonte letters of his to the Senate, written in a manner never practis ed by anybeiora