The hygrology, or chemico-physiological doctrine of the fluids of the human body

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chyme more and more into an animal nature.

THE BILE. THE bliter juice secreted in the glandular substance of the liver, and in pari regurgitating into the gail bladde r. The SECRETORY OpGAN, is sormed by the very

acini, Or Uascular glome uti, Whicli constitute almost the whole substance of the liver, and terminate in Very minute Canais, called bilia du Is. Thebiliary dudis exoneratu their felleous fluid into the ductus hepalisus, hicli conveys the bile into the ludius communis choledochus , frona Whence it is in part carried into ille duodenum. The ollier part of hepatic bile regurgitatesitoin the ductus communis oboledochus through thecis .c di Γ, inlo the gail bladder. For the hepalicbile, excepi during digestion, cannot flow into the duodenum, Rhicli Contradis silien empty heiace

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1 si The CHEMICO-PHYSIOLOGICAL Doctrine

is necessarily regurgitates through the cystic ductitato the gail bladder.

and not folliculo us cavilies, in whicli the bile is deposited. For wax in ected through the vena portae, passes direedy in a straight line, without any intervening nodes, into the biliary pores. The branches of the Cena portae contribute themost to the secretion os the bile; for iis peculiarblood returning frona ille abdominas viscera, Ioad- cd with the carbonic principie, ans, er8 exactly tollie nature of the bile. It is not elear whelher the florid blood of the hepatio artery noui istaes the liveronly; or at the sanae time, separates a peculiar principie, necessary for the formation of bile. That cystic bile is not secreled by the arterious vel is of the gail bladder, is evident frona iis Vacuity, upon mal ing a ligature on the cysticilii R. Frona what has been suid, it appears, that there are, as it were, hisi is os bile in the human bo ly.

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2. C sic, Whicli regurgitates frona the hepatio duct, in to the gail bladder, and there, frona stagnating hecomes thic ker, the aqueouS parisbeing absorbed by the oscula of the lymphalicvesseis ; and more acrid frona Concentratiosa. In dead bodies only, the cystic bile transudes

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Bile, distilled in balneo maris, gives out a fetidWater, and leaves a black masse, called the extract

of bile. Neither bile, nor iis extrael, are solubie in

mater.

It is decomposed by the minerat aca is and Ut gar, and iis albuminous part is precipitated into coagulum; Whicli, is again distatved by adding agreater quantity of the acid os sali. The solutionwilli the acid of salt be comeS red. The Whole of the bile bccomes oebi e like milh, frona the Gygena ea acid of sall. The albun)inous part of the bile forms a very tenaceOUS coagulum, Whicli di ted flowly, indurates in the

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. of the FLUIDS of the HUMAN BODYIs sorm of gal sone. Theres re the super abundant oxygene of the acid of sali, destroys the colouring principie of the bile, and indurates the albumen

The alburninous part of bile is coagulated by alcobol ine. The tincture, separated from thecoagulum, and eVaporated to dryness, leaves ares ous, balsamic, inspid mase ; solubie in spiritos mine, excepi a sinali portion of jelly that re- mains, and fornas a green solution with aikali. This resinous masis of the bile distilled per se,

s. An assaline, bitteris 'Mater. a. Dry Solatile at ali.

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is 8 The CHEMICO- PHYSIOLOGICA L Doctrine 3. Empyreumatio, fetid oll. Ait these are the products of the sire, arising 1 rom the decomposition of the albumen of the bile. Thev hole masse, during the distillation, swelis very much, and the internat sursace of the cucurbite is covered over With a blach, mining Varnish, which does not adhere to the fingers. The carbone that remalias is copious, staining, easty incinerated; and affords soda, phospho rated calx, and iron.

Bile is not animal Io , sor it doth not unite illi the blaud and aetherial olis; nor does it dis solve Oil, nor mix it With water like soap ;nor, like the lalter, is it solubie in Water. Itis true that Oily drops are' retracted si omlinen and clolli, is rubbed Uith bile; but thisis done by the friction expelling the very minute Oily particles frona the linen, in consequence of the bile having a greater o toto linen and cloth, than the oll. Nor is that

soap, Whicli consists of resin and minerat alkali; for the quantity of sali is too sinali, in proportion to the resin.

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2. An Albuminous Principti, precipitated froni bile

by alcohol of wine and minerat acor. 3. A Resinous principis: for the tincture, made by the coagulation os bile with alcohol of Uine, and after the separalion of the Coagulum eVa- poraled, exhibiis a blach, resinous masse, solubie in spirit of wine; excepi a litile remain

. A Colouring Principis: Whicli adheres to therest notas pari, and gives the colour to the bile.

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sali, varying according to the quantity os minerat acid mixed with it. Thus Uith acidos vitriol, it constitutes the sal mirabilis; withac id os sali, culinary sali.

6. Phospborated calx a smali portion of iron and culinar3 sau is also obtained Dom the incinera aled carbone os bile. Some modern chemists are os opinion, stat bileis the blood in sonae way deprived of iis oxygene :for is two paris of blood be coagulated by sire with one part os distilled water, and then si liraled, the liquor is bitter, yellow, and very like bile. The same change of blood into bile tali es place, is biood instead of water be boiled with fuming spiritos nitre : but the cause of this phaenomenon appears not yet to be discovered. The PRiMARY UsE of bile is, the extrication ofchyle, frona the chyme sent into the duodenum. For there the sirst appearance of chyleis observed, and it is known that bile extricates Oil from cloth and linen

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of the FLUIDS of the HUMAN BODY. 16tet. By iis acri li9 it excites the peristallic motionos the intestines ; heiace the bo eis are so in active in peopte With jaundice. It ina paris a Iellom colour to the eXCrements. Thus the white colour of the faeces in icteras,in whicli disea se the flow of the bile into the duodenum is entirely prevented.

4. It preVenlS the abundance of naucus and acidiu in istie privr; heiace acid, pituitous, and Ve ininous saburra are so frequent frona descientor ineri sole.

I HE white liquor, observed 1bme liours aftereating, in the lacteat vesteis of the mesentet y, receptaculum chyli, and thoracio duet. The Os lG1N oi CAYLE is frona the chyme, hich in thesmali intestines is separated by the bile into chVle and excrement. The c te is absorbed

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Iis OUALI TY is very similar lo milk; for, like the lalter, it is coagulated and acesces; but sonae- times iis nature is altered, frona bad digested i odor medicines. Thus the chyle becomes bive, si omeating Indiq; yello , frona the Ious of eggS: and thus it hases an acrid taste, frona digesting thesi opus