The economy of the animal kingdom, considered anatomically, physically, and philosophically

581쪽

by Whicli the motion of the hestri is continued. The Other paris through whicli the cerebrum and cerebellum communicate, Suelias the horigontal septum, the branches of the cervical arteryboth without a d Within the compages, the medullary proceSSeSand fibres in eaoli portion of the medulla Oblongata, ure ali sodisposed, that the cerebellum is enabled to live sor somo time Uithout the action of the cerebrum. The cerebellum does notcommunicate either With the cerebrum, or With the medulla ob longata, as to iis cortical or cineritious substance, sor this substance is not continuod beyond the cerebellum; it is only the medullary substanee Whicli is educed continuously. In regardio the nerves, the cardiae Derves arise properly DOm the medulla

cerebelli n. 485, 490, 558, 559). Hence When the cerebrum

has performed iis lust animation, the cardiae motion does notthetice rWard expire. But sor some time aster the cerebrum has censed iis motion, Or When it is too intent upon, Or too distracted by, disserent objecis, or has been very long in a State OfWakefulness, iis chemicat laboratory os spiriis Will sor the mostpart be at rest, and lience also the blood in the Same proportion

573. Νay, after it has become absolutoly hardened intosione. Vallistiteri has published an excellent dissertation onpetri sed cerebra, under the titie os, Considerazioni ed Esperienae intorno at credulo cervello di Lue impietrito, vivente ancor Panimale, &c., Padua, 1710. In this Work he says, that the phe- nomenon Os petrisaetion in the cerebrum is not so rare at thepresent day; nor has happened Only in France and SWeden, as T. Bartholiti thinks, according to Sig. Verney. Concerning the case of petrified brain extant in SWeden umong the valva-ble collections test by Bromel, see the Acta Literaria Sueciae 1725, p. 90-98.) For a petrified cerebrum Was found at Μο- dona, Whicli is represented in the aboVe Work, t . i., and another Shewn in tab. ii.; both of Whicli tho author describes :

582쪽

Witia esses, there is in the Monastery of St. Justina a concretion Osthe cerebrum Os an Ox. p. 23.) He mention S, moreOver, that nbulcher residing ut Modena, finding the cranium os a flaughteredox induraten, sent him the author a message, and On opening the head he found tho cerebrum entire, und in addition a Lind Os concrete matter, a bout half the fige of the cerebrum, and Durteenounees in Weight, and Which Was smooth, Shining, Very harii, and Πearly ovat, and oti the Other fide formed like a platter.

Serpentine sexures and surroWs that are foen in the normalcerebrum; at least that they Were not disposed in the commonorder; but that it displayed irregular tuberosities of varioussiges. On the lest fide he observed a cavlty With a tumor, justin tho mid illo, Which seemed like an Oid WOund, c. ke. 574. Since, then, in consequence of this induration, Whicli

dent Dom the above description, tho cerebrum had censen tonet upon iis fibros, first desisting Dom particular, then Domgenerat animation, the cerebellum feems to have graduallyassumed the helm of govertiment, and by a proceSS of SUCCeSSiVeinauguration, to have accustomed itself to the performance of

583쪽

this ossico Without the aid of the cerebrum; an ossico whicli itis the more en led to discliarge inasmuch Is it carries on thegrenter part of iis functions Uithout the aid of the cerebrum n. 572). In the present instance, moreOver, there is suci, nreformation of the connecting litilis belWeen the two, that Whenthe cerebrum has groWn completely torpid, the cerebellum, Withthe spinal marrOW, has an acquired natural poWer os continuingiliis laborious ossice. Moreover the natural functions and actions, as of the heari, stomach, intestines and Other Viscera, are in the fame connection With each Other in the body, as are thecrane, WindlaSS, ropes, &c., With eacti Other in an inanimatomachine, so that When the rope is pulled, est the paris are set in motion, and produce their severat effecis; in the lalter case, according to their artificiat arrangement; in the former, accord ing to their natural arrangement. ΜOreover it is Only those

their functions spontaneously, and without the consciousness Ofthe cerebrum. This We see illustrated in the case of the longue,

cither While it is persorming iis masticatory motion With thepharynx, or iis locutory motion With the larynx; Or in the caseos the fingers sWeeping over the stringes of the lyre. When

nct becomes by habit natural and spontaneous through themodium of the medulla spinalis and medulla oblongata; and that this voluntary aut disposes the nerves of both medullae into modes of acting accordant With itself, by means of the chini sor holloWs that appear on the back of ench, Where the fibres of tho cerebrum forin delicately motive and Sometimes even muscular membranes, sor instance, in the acquired habit os sponking, by means os the calamus scriptorius, and the litile hollow

584쪽

in the posterior cervical portion Os the spinal marrOW, Where the tWo locuto nervos talio their rise; namely, the ninth nerve of the head, and the second of tho De L). For the fibre of the Cerebrum does not go Oir into nerves, but traversing the tWomedullae, disposes the fibres proper to each, to net in a mannermost highly accordant With itself. That the voluntary thu8 pa88eSilato the Spontaneous naturat, the reader Will fiud by a varietyos convincing arguments in the faris on the Brain. Is noW it be granted that the connexion of the cerebrum With the cere- bellum is such as Wo have statod n. 572), and that the secondaryorigin or intermediato cause of these voluntary actionS, Whichnre ConVerted into spontaneous actions, is in the medulla spinalis

and medulla oblongata, it Will folioW, that merely Dom thecauses Which exist in the body, this animal, or ruther ΠOW corporeat machine, may be put in motion for a considerable time, and that some functions may be performed Whicli are then purelyphysical and mechanical, because nilogether uti accompanted With sense or Will. This is particularly the case When the cerebrum has begun to harden successively DOm iis Outer Sursaee, und has in the menti time, by a course of tardy OperationS, gradually transferred iis poWer of controi to the cerebellum and the tWo medullae; aud consequently also the motion Of the heari, whicli is of itself natural and spontaneous, particularly as longas the spinal marroW lives With the cerebellum; for the cere-

bellum inspires the nervos of the heari, Which also by iis oWnforce expelf the blood in to that circuit Whicli the heari persorinsthrough the body, and whicli excites it to continue iis gyre, justas the hand Leeps up the rotation Os a Wheel by Successive

for the most part os a Lind of fluor, and yet the insunt haspreviolasty continuod to exercise iis vital functions, und iis sacelias been of the natural colour. Wepfer mentions the case of a

586쪽

brum. ostri ches, Which have the gruater part of the brain occupied by the thalami of the optic nerves, and which havebui a Stender hoad, are yet enablod to ruisse thoir buthy bodiesto a considerable height. Certain species of bruto animais live more in . the body than in the brain, and aster decrepitation moVetheir SEVerat members, muscies, Wings, kc., craWl and ny to RVery great distance, Or live their corporeal lise sor no inconsiderable period : suci, are sies, nud a variety os litile creatures

place Dom comparative anatomy; as Doni the anatomy os birds, si Sh, inSecis, and Other creatures; in no tWo of Whicli do the ConnectioΠS QVer appear eXactly alike, nor consequently either the forms Or actions of these animais; lar either the arteries, fibres, and membranes betWeen the cerebrum and cerebellum,aud belWeen these again and the spinal marrOW, are connected in One animal in a manner disserent Dom that in Which thuynre Connected in another; or else the marroW is discontinuod in respect to iis cineritious substance, and continued in respectonly to iis fibrillary substance. There are in the spinal marroWof the more imperfeci animais severat molestules or ringS Os cineritiOus Substanee, Whicli serve as So many Origins os activity, and succenturiate cerebella fas in the silk-Worm); or in place of this marroW, there is Only an extremely stender thread, as instes, ke. But to recolitit the diversities Whicli prevati in thesereSpecis, Would be to reeount the severat speetes of animais. Henee the cerebellum may be closely connected With the cerebrum, Or the cerebrum may be altogether Wanting, and in iis place a molecule may be substituted in the superior part of the

medulla, Whicli is largo, bifid, and of diversified character, ke.

587쪽

In the fame manner the sormative SubStanee connectS the appendages in monsters in Various WayS, according to the series of

contingenis, as in the case of the laetus With tWo bodies, onegrown to the other, two heads With tWo faces and nectis, laurarnas, a double thorax With a sternum to euch; in the case of One tWin monstrousty groWn to the navel and Side of the other, having a doubie head, a single heari, and the private paris groWn together; in the case of monsters With a double Womb,

lum are descient, und in lieu We sud a molecule belweon thofirst cervical vertebrae, the fibres may neverthel ess be inspiredwith their own fluid Dom these paris so Silualed, and the blood may be circulated by the medulla; consequently the motion of the heari may be continued, Whicli motion derives iis originsimply Dom the gyration of iis oWn fluid, disserently Dom Whattakes place With regard to the other viscera of the body, Whichin Order to produce their motion require in addition the contact

577. Αnd finalty in persons Whose lungs have been long coli sed .-FOr cases Occur, in Whicli aster the collapse of the lungs, stili tho doath of the heari does not ensue, as mentioned RhOVe, Π. 285, 445. There are Other cases in Whieli persons have un- dergone Submersion Or Strangulation, Or have suffered Dom obstruction in the gullet, the Windpipe, the bronchia, and the vesicular Substance of the lungs ; Or Who to ali appearance have been

corpses, With their limbs grown rigid, and the lurid paleness of death marbling their Ahin ; Who have been laid out upon thebior, and after the last lament of their parenis and the close of the funerat rites, have nevertheless risen to life Dom theircossitis, to the inexpressibie joy and astonishment of their

588쪽

place. It theres ore solioWs, according to Our proposition, that the motion os the heari may bo continuod sor a timo Without theassistance of any of them; but this time Will bu longor or shorterin proportion us the abovementioned hodies ure in the series and connection Os causes: in s ne, just so long as the nerVOHS fibres of the heari cun be maintained in their integrity and ΡOWer Of aetin g, to preserve them in Whicli is the peculiar ossice of the cerebellum; and so long ns the blood can be polired Domihu living fountuin into the Venn CRUR. 478. From these orounda, in con nection wilh those Mid dolonin sur former chapter' que may infer the cause of the variation of the pulse. The causes of it, in general, are internat anil eiternal; both of which classes may be further subdivided into natural and preternaturai. Aut the doctrine of the pulse is the last that canhe sinen and completed as iis importance deserves. This doctrine

the whole circle of anatomy and pathology, and Were I to enter merely upon a bries exposition of iis nature, the very brevitywould o ly ten d to obscure a doctrine Whicli os nil othors in the animal economy stands the highest in the scalo os dignity, and is almost the Only generat index of the state of health in the human body. On this subject of the pulse, or of the circulation of the blood, I may repent the observation atready madeat the commenoement of the wOrk, that the doctrine of theblood, although the sirst to be statod, is nevertheless the inst