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dedicated to the Lord 's body, holy books deserve to be rightlytrealed by the clergy, to whicli great injury is done so osten as
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marks any passage that pleases him. He distributes a multitudeos straws which he inseris to stich out in different places, sothat the halm may remind him of what his memory cannot re-tain. These straws, because the book has no stomach to digestthem, and no one tal es them out, sirst distend the book fromits wonted closing, and at length, being caretessty abandonedio oblivion, go to decay. He does not sear to eat fruit or cheese OVer an open book, or caret essty to carry a cup to and from his mouth; and because he has no wallet at hand he drops into books the fragments that are test. Continuatly chaltering, heis never weary of disputing with his companions, and while healleges a crowd of sensetess arguments, he weis the book lyinglialf open in his lap with spuitering showers. Aye, and thenhastily solding his arnis he leans sorward on the book, and by a bries speli os study invites a prolonged nap; and then, byway of mending the wrinhies, he solds back the margin of theleaVes, to the no smali injury of the book. Now the rain is over and gone, and the flowers have appeared in our land . Then the scholar we are speal ing os, a neglecter rather thanan inspector of books, will stus f his volume with violeis, and primroses, with roses and quatres it. Then he will use his wetand perspiring hands to turn over the volumes; then he will
alphabeis, or is any other frivolity strities their sancy, at oncetheir pen begins to write it. There the Latinisi and sophister
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and every unlearned writer tries the fitness of his pen, a practice that we have frequently seen injuring the usesuiness and value of the most beautisul books. Again, there is a class of thieves shamesully mutilatingbooks, who cui away the margins from the fides to Use asmateriai sor letters, leaving only the texi, or employ the leaves from the ends, inserted sor the protection of the book, sor Variolas Uses and abuses-a kind of sacrilege which should beprohibited by the threat os anathema. Again, it is part of the decency of scholars that wheneVerthey return from meais to their study, washing should in- Variably precede reading, and that no grease-stained fingershould Unsasten the clasps, or turn the leaves of a book. Nortet a crying child admire the pictures in the capital letters, testhe soli the parchment with wet fingers; sor a child instantlytoUches Whatever he sees. Moreover, the laity, who look at a book turned upside down just as is it were open in the right Way, are Utterly Unworthy of any communion with books. Let the cierk take care also that the smutty scullion reehingsrom his stewpois does not touch the lily leaves of books, allunwashed, but he who walheth without btemisi, shali minister to the preciolas volumes. And, again, the cleant iness of decent hands would be of great benefit to books as weli asscholars, is it were not that the itch and pimples are character- istic of the clergy. Whenever desecis are noticed in books, they should bepromptly repatred, since nothing spreads more quickly thana tear and a rent whicli is neglected at the time will have to be
Tu e, he says, this book of the lam, and put it in the fide of the ar of the codionant of the Lord your God. O fitting place
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against ali unbecoming caret essness in the handi ing of books,as we read in S. Luke. For when He had read the scripturalprophecy of Himself in the book that was delivered to Him, He did not give it again to the minister, uniit He had closedit with his own most sacred hands. By whicli students aremost clearly taught that in the care of books the merest trifles ought not to be neglected.
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QTHINO IN HUMAN AFFAIRs is more unjust than thatthose things whicli are most righteousty done, shouldbe perverted by the standers of maliciolis men, and that one should bear the reproach of sin where he has rather deserved the liope of honour. Many things are done with singleness of oye, the right hand knoweth not what thelest hand doth, the lump is uncorrupted by leaven, nor is thegarment woven of wool and linen; and yet by the trichery of
disturbed by their vituperation than by the barking of somany dogs, satisfied with the testimony of Him to whom itappertaineth to try the hearis and reins. For as the aim and purpose of our inmost wili is inscrutable to men and is seenos God alone, the searcher of hearis, they deSerVe to be rebuked sor their perniciolis temerity, who so eagerly Set a mark of condemnation Upon human acis, the Ultimate Springs of whicli they cannot see. For the final end in matters of conduct
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holds the fame position as sirst principies in speculative science or aXioms in mathematics, as the chies of philosophers, Aristolle, potnis out in the seventh books of the Ethics. Andtheres re, just as the truth of our conclusions depends Uponthe correciness of our premises, so in matters of action thesiamp of morat rectitude is given by the honesty of aim and PUrpoSe, in cases where the act itself would otherwise be heldio be moralty indisserent. Now we have long cherished in our heart of hearis thesiXed resolve, when Providence should grant a savourable opportunity, to found in perpetuat charity a Hali in the reverendUniversity of OXsord, the chies nursing mother of ali liberal
ricli the Halt with the treasures of our books, that ali an levery of them should be in common as regards their Use and StUdy, not only to the scholars of the said Hall, but by theirmeans to ali the students of the besore-named universi ty sorever, in the form and manner whicli the solio ing chaptershali declare. Wheres re the sincere love os study and geat sorthe strengthening of the orthodox faith to the edis ying of the Church, have begotten in us that solicitude so marvellous to the lovers of pelf, of collecting books whereuer they were tobe purchased, regardiess of expense, and of having those that could not be boughi fairly transcribed. For as the favourite occupations of men are variousty distinguished according to the disposition of the heavenly hodies, whicli frequently controi our natural composition, so that
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things of whicli they are ignorant, and to discuss hiddenthings that are not revealed to the eyes of men; who perchance would have pratsed and commended us, is we had spent our time in hunting, dice-playing, or courting the smiles of ladies.
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lT HAS EVER BEEN DIFFICULT So to restrain men by the lawsos rectitude, that the astuteness of successors might notstrive to transgress the bounds of their predecessors, and toinfringe established rules in insolence of license. Accord- ingly, with the advice of prudent men, we have prescribed themanner in which we destre that the communication and use of our books should be permitted sor the benesit os students. Imprimis, we give and grant ali and singular the books, of which we have made a special catalogue, in consideration ofassection, to the community of scholars living in Hali atOXford, as a perpetuat gist, sor our foui and the fouis of ourparenis, and also for the foui of the most illustrious Κing Ed-ward the Third froni the Conquest, and of the most pious Queen Philippa, his consori: to the intent that the fame books may be lent from time to time to ali and singular the scholars
and masters of the said place, as weli regular as secular, sor theadVancement and use of study, in the manner immediately
lowed ovisi de the walis of the liouse. Theressere, when any scholar secular or religious, whom for this purpOse We regard
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livered, and let a record be made sorthwith of the pledge and of the book lent, containing the names of the persons delivering the book and of the person who receives it, together Withthe day and year when the loan is made. But is the keepers find that the book asked sor is not in duplicate, they shali not lend such book to any one whom-soeVer, Uni ess he shali belong to the community of scholars of the said Hali, uniess perhaps sor inspection within the walis of the asoresaid house or Hall, but not to be carried beyond it. But to any of the scholars of the said FHall, any book maybe lent by three of the asoresaid keepers, aster first recording,
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shall, is he wishes it, see his pledge. Moreover, is it chances that a book is tost by death, thest, fraud, or caretessness, hewho has tost ii or his representative or executor shali pay the value of the book and receive bach his deposit. But is in any wise any profit shali accrue to the keepers, it shali not beapplied to any purpose but the repair and maintenance of the bookS.