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species has been more than doubled and the number of genera quadruplessi many of the old Comprehensive genera, suClias Allei gida, Spong thora, 'Athocosmia, Chelida a, Anechura, A1iisolabis and thers have been greatly subdivi ded for it a goo found that ver heterogeneous forms ere groupe togetheri in to ome superficiat resemblance. 2. For a variet os reasons, no thes eas bella the overt o material de Hormans' classificationi a Ver UnSatisfactorV. I Soon received a Severe bio in the appea rariC in I9o an Iso os a series papersi Uerhoess. Marre a thesse ere by ack of illustration obsCure expression novel termis' nology, incompleteness, an many actuat tunders, et the3 at nCe rendere the old arrangemente impossibi an lai tho oundation pon hicli a ne classificatio might scientificali be based. vi Verhoesss a the firs to mali systemati use of the genitalia for generi CharaCters, ut parilyx owin to the obscurit of his meaning parili owin to the difficult of formin a collectio of mounted , genitalia, for hi Ch purpo se specimen preserve in alCoholore practi Cali indispensi ble an partiv because suos, character are hi glit 3 inconvenient for mere purposes of identification his ork was neglecte for sevctral ears the ather numerous obvio us istat es m Systematic obsCuring the reales value of the observationat, Ork. - The ex eight years erct mari ed by an abundant series of faunisti papers in hi his large number of ne species ere described, iro the pens o Borelli, Relin Caudeli, ivb3 , and the author, of this , orti. The alter ondea uoured o formis comprehensive 3 stem by a fusion of the belle portions of the work of de Bormans and Uerhoes , ut neglected a leas provisionalty the stud of the genitalia. e
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produce a series of revision o vario iis mali rou PS and by examining the collections of the cistim portant mus eum of the w rid. Or hi Ch facilities e Canno express to arnali his gratitude to the various aut horities, he was Able to tu Cidat a large Umber of pro hiems of synon m and effect theidontification o very many dou biful Spe Cies. Tho publication in 101 of a hal volume of the Fauna os riti si India ei ies, devoto to tho
Dermaptera gaVe the author an Opportuni ty of Ssuing at eas in Pari, the main lines of his classification a far ache had been ab leo Carry t. to reat more genero usib than ad hi therici Leen cine theg onerat an introduCtor questions andri illustrate very numerous specie for themis time. in 10 II, a Cher publis hed his studies o the Classificationis the Dermaptera in hic li Uerlicio' 'spre liminar Orti upon the de nitalia i rendere comprehensibi and amplifiei to a very large degres e. Uon areat credit is clu to thi aut hor for his care fui Xamination and illustration of the genitalia in umero us species of the Protodermaptera and Although it may be possibi e to ver-estimate the importanc of the Character thus pro Vided ZaCher 'S Ork reseresent an enorm ous adVAn Ce Pon that fUerhoeiff. and will probab ly forna the basis of whatever System is finalty CCepte d. Hut Zacher' sustem is not et Complete ly elaborated nor has a nythin but a Proportiora of the kn wn species been examine di hi method. Dd a long time must elapse e re a complete, rationaland comprehensive Classification of the Dermapter is evolved. It is howe ver noteworti that he main result os a Cher 's ori confli Ct in no way iththos attaine frona a studui the externat ea iures a lone This is hi gliri gratis 3 ing for the sanae go alis alta in Θd H two distin Ct orates, uni it is there fore t he hoped that se have es re the m in portions os a reali natural Classification. hile Zacher is per Ctly correct in allaChine great importanCe to the olai Sthomeres. And ais tolli neu ration O tho ings he exaggerate perhaps the alue of the Chalacteis offered by the genitalia. In the gradual reductionis the metapygidi una an telson. e hau Chara Clers of true Phylogeneti Cimportari Ce mari in the relative ages f the roups I xv may imagino a 3 pical originat an Cestor of
the earwigs, an sim orscula ii, it probably possessed these three plates re and peris Cilb de velo ped and in a origontal position the tucking wa3 bEtween the oot of the forceps an ab ove the sub genitallamina thes in th ventral scierit in tho male the eventi in the emalo) involve a reduCtion os thea Pi C l members, i. e . et Son an metap3gidium In the Pygidi Crani ne rota Ps. ali three late are per Ctly distinci, and there is no great discrepa Cy in their sige in the o unger abi duri ne ear Vi S, the pygidium is much large r at the expense of thes metapygidi una and te is an . hi Chore reduced tomere spectis of Chitin In the unges and of histhly speciali sed ranch. the Etiderm Dia, the P)gi
purpose of spe Cisi disci in inution while tho metapygi diu in and et scin have practi Cali di SAPPeared. These Character are therei Ore ver alti Abie or defining the Ajor g rou PS. But the male genitalia, On the ther hand a re of es ph3 logeneti interest. It is triae that tu reduction Ol no id in the si ι feri iast te; is a modern ea ture apparent ly correla ted illi the degeneia tion O the et Stan, ut ex tui his mini ille armature of the para meres and ther Rrt ut nothinginore or leS thun SeCondury exuat Characters, Comparatile illi the processes of the Pygidium in the Eudermastfera, of thes Orce s and of the aut in certa in oleo Pleia fure ly no genera stimul be baSed e XCJUSi Vely uliola SH Ch e Condary exuat Charactei S. Valuabie a tho undo ubi ed ly a re for specifi C
It is perfeci ly justitiabie to expres the orna of thos organs to strenkthen the characteri Sation feXi Stin genera, a Supplementary characters a Zacher do es illi the ridicia uiuae o p. 355 os his orti. 3 ut it is hardor o justis his subdivision o D Litus inici subgenera n the male genitalia lone
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ei ther these subgenera must i SupreSsed Or they mu St , fur ther Characteri sed, and aisexto the ranko genera forcit is oui persona opinion that the subgesnus is a rank vhicla cannotio admitted that there Cante no stago intermediate bet ween the genus and the species. But Zacher certaint ovei rates the alue of the genita Chaia Cter o p. 372 here e gives a
tabi of his Anisolabidae s our salinae in Hore e findiso les than si ne genera ero Cted soletu Ponthe armatures of the praeputiat saCk an para meress. The mos strit in instanc is the following In 10 o the writer of this in or describe Gono labis moodwardi rom ester Australia. havingexamine ove two dogen specimens, giving the arietat ames densas and foro af to a se malos whichia et ther a tooth noli forceps or ad these organs unia suntlb long formS O pol Vmorphismwhicli are ellano 1 and frequent in the eat wigs and pon hi h O ne Ouid suggest the Creation
Nou Zacher find that the varietum de)lfata has the para meres ver long an narrow endin ina hars poliat for his e re is a genus Eulabis, in hi Ch e Place a ne speCies, E Saramaccensis,ir in Surin Am. und wo nomina irrida . ut the P loriam G. Ooormarda, and the variet forcipata have thepara meres hori. road and triangular. He therefore mal es for them another Renus, Mongolabis. his genus an also Geloso labis and Horridolabis are Characteri sed as es haV Already mentioned by the genital armature lone.
Nout e cannot bellex es that it is justi fiatile to es parate into severat genera species hi Ch havethei external moi Phological structure so very simila that specific rank has been rem sed to them. e thes refore De Oblige t rejoc these genera o Za Cher, at east untii AOm externat orphΟ- logical Character no sexu alie detecte to supplement and forti hi their differen Ces although e fult 3
For hi reason, e in k at ea Si provisiona ly the se genera in hos to hicli the appear o bem Ost early relate i. that is o say, Logicolabis and An Dolabella in Anisolabis. Horridolabis, Mongolabis, Geloto labis an Eulabis in Gonotabis and thes species attribute to them by a Cher illi found in thesepago in tho Se two genera respective ly th nam es of his geneia be in gi ven in parenthesis In thes foliori in pagos a provisionat Austem is uti ined in hic hisia attempti a been ad tobring inio harmon3 ali publis hed ork upon the subjeCt, at in into consideration Vera CharaCter hic licis udgod os scienti sic valuo. ut dependin vory large ly inde edipon the externa Datures hi Chare more readiri accessibi in driod specimens at the fames times it is admitte that the definitio osse Vera genera an e Ven o AOm sub families leave to e de si red these are rota pings hi Ch a re perfectly distinc to the ye though it is ex pedingli dissiculi to expres thi Character definit ei and pregis oly in ords. In his respect this ori is provisionat anxit is o b hope that it is a stimulate
vorti and thus te ad O a more Complete an satisfactor3 Classi fi Cation. In ne grOup the salinae it has no been possibi as et O Combine the wo systems and theva e the refore gi ven Sepat Ately. It musti remembered that a system o Classification, though primari lyra scienti fi attempto ooXPreS the phylo geneti relationship of the roups Concerned is also neede to enabi student toli lentili spe Cies the genitalia a re not ery use fui foro his purpo se an an arran gement, baSed, howeVer justi fiably upo thei comparative stru Cture musti su plemente by a rationalis Count Ofthe ex tornat orphologi Cal Charactei S. The present Nork is a foreruniter of a Complete monograph of the Dermapter of the worid, upon hi Ch the author has been or many ear en gaged For that monograph almos ali the types in existen C have been Xam in ed. Compare and drawn and the specific par at eas is based almosteXClusi Vel 3 upo Original specimens. The manu script an illustrations have been genero usi drari nupondo the Purpo se of the folio in pageS.
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I. Genus ita rotabis, Burr 27 a Genu Homoeotabis, Hor. 283. Genus Gonotabis, Burr 28 . Genus visolabis, Fleb 285. Genus Euborellia, Burr o 6. Genus malis, Serv. 317. Genus Labidui odes, Horm. 3a 8. Genus Logicolabis, ach. 339. Genu Erdabis Zach. 33 Io. Genus visolabella Zach. 3 II. Genus Hora idolabis Zach. 3 Ia Genus Mongolabis Zach. 3 13. Genu Gelotolabis Zach. 35 . Subiam LABIDURINAE 35 I. Genus ala Zach. 352. Genus Labidi ra Leach 363. Genus Fortistitia. Eol. 37 . Genu Tomo pia Burr 385. Sublam. PARISOLABINAE 38 I. Genu Parisolabis. erit. 382. Jenu Pseudisolabis. Hur 303. Genus Idolopsalis, Hor. 9
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2. Genus Sphingolabis, Horm. 553. Genu Andex. Hur 55 . Genus Labia Leach 555. Genus Piolabia, Burr 57
a Genus Chelisochella, orti. 633. Genus E pnus Burr 63 . Genus letalichiis, Bur 6
5. Genus Solanosoma Hur 6 6. Genu Proreus, Hur 6
IO. Genus Euhrates, Hur 66 II. Genus Hamaxas, Bur 6
I. Subfam. CHELIDURIN EI Genus Cheli iura Latr. a. Genus Mesocheli iura, Verti. 3. Genus Nurriola, Sem.
1. Genus Chelidui Hla Uerli. 752. Genus Chama stes Hur 763. Genus halistes, Burr 764 menU Homotares, uir 775. Genus Pileet Hur 776. Genus C ex Burr 77
6. Genus Ancistrogaster, Sth 867. Genus Sarcimatrix Relin 8 8. Genus lax Burr 87