뜻

1. 처음부터, 시작부터
2. (법) 법적 문서가 발효된 시점부터
3. (과학) 기본 원리로부터 도출된
4. (교육 과정 등이) 선수 과목이나 자격 없이

2. (law) From the time when a legal document comes into force.
3. (sciences) Calculated from first principles, i.e. from basic laws without any further additional assumptions.
4. (of an academic course) Taken with no prior qualifications.