Equites : The knights of Aristophanes

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I arn in lethtec lo M J C. Laxvson os Peliabroice College sor lae in manation thali is reta ined asin partis me interrogative εραου.

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APPENDI II.

It is known that certain vor is, hicli usu atly bear a imorat ineaning, xvere sed by the Greelcs in a political o sociat sense as veli Thistisage of ἀγαθός, ἐσθλο ς, Ρηστος and sonae ther rd was reate Phy Vel cicer in his Proferomena o Theognis an h)y rote Hist y Greeωch. ix nea the endi. Both these scholars seen to have thougiat that the ustiat sense of the se vord grex, uinaster lae ΟCial Sense'. Howeverthat inay be, the sociat an politi Caloi se vas certaini Conina ora at nepetaod va no dolit, imore Cornnion in the conversation o political Circles than in literature. I subjo in a tarn hier os cases, hi est frona Athenian iter of the late fifth and early fouclla Cent times . C. It vili be notice that in the Case of the nore queStion-beggin and ostensive termis, serious writer a Girote Otice in sonae instances a re Caresul to give the word a quotation or in peeCheS. The politicalis of καλὸς κἀγαθός is ound ni t vice in Thucydides, via in both cases is particular o marit that he is citi oting viii 48 6 τοῖς καλοῖς κἀγαθου ονομαζομένους S a quotation vitii in a quotation an in iv o. 2 a dena OCrati ali of Athens put to a Spartan via laad not ieen

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ἐπιεικων οντων και πεπαιδευμενων ἱκανως προ ανδραγαθι ai τάχα ut εἴπειε

The last passage where δῆμος aean the res VI, si is a praxis of political terna S. Hippocrates is thini in os lae sociat respect due toralis profession vlaen e says D arsic. iii p. 262 dian ἀνδραγαθικώτεροι τουτ και τεχιVκωτερον, ὁστι μη ἐπιθυμέει δημοειδεος κιβδηλίης. In the Murtia century D. C. Q δραγαθι a generat ly used in honorificdecrees in lae vague sense of ἀρετή, f. Deniosth. Andros. 72, AesClaines

It was natural that ἀσφάλεια laouldie a valch vordis conservati sim in reece, as et se ultere. Aiold of this political re reiace gives a fuller appreCiation O naan cases vlaere a Greel xvriter is thini in os theopposite tenden tes of parties an ideat os lais aby. Pind. G. 3. 6,prai Sin Corinth asin honae os orian aristocrati politi CS,

In Thucydides, a laetorical potiat in a speech is osten naad by this naean in of the word The Corintlaians say to Spartan 69 5 καιτοιελέγεσθε ἀσφαλεῖς εἶναι. The Mytilenaeans iii 13. 1 say thei reasons fori forsahing Athen. ἱκ ii ies εἶναι - μῶς ἐκφοβῆσαι και προς εἰσφάλειάν τινα τρέψαι. In the Melian debat the Athenians opera proCeed ings bya SarCasti resere iace to the orian ea os public discusSion, μεῖς οἱ καθήμενοι Ἀτι ἀσφαλέστερον ποιησατο v 85ὶ, nil in h. 97, 98 there is Sonae Chio of the Sanae mean ing, a there probata is also in viii 24. 4, 66 5. Archi lanatis se the word lare tinae in his hori speecli totis allies officer ii 11ὶ In ii 3 3 Pericles is retorting this Conservative

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I Corn v. Aristophanes has Ποσειδῶ, Ἀσφάλειος M. 8a, and there mavi, an intended Contrast in cociet , ασο η P. I 6 the planis Ulli liberal and conservative Eupolis 11 of the bene times one

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vitii thei νομοφυλακες are paria an states like it S in Aristot. Id et i I. 4 hie PraCAC in υιπιμούμεναι πόλεις is oppoSed to iliat usual in Alliens except in the conser ative Areopa S Coum the Athenian

tion S.

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ro 6 APPENDI IL

ω τεκος, ' μάλα δη σε πονηρότατον και αριστον

AVI m. I. 38 G. O. 2 2 α πονον δ' ἔλαβον χάρμα παυροί τινες, CGn. O. Oουδ' ἀμόχθω καρδια προσφέρων τολμ αν παραιτεῖται χάριν his Ιων is graversor ob stan pictor has his dari Ciud his training to laci P. Training an istrill seenae honou rabie to the discipline Dorian, ut repulsive to

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The certain cases of roi ηρός in Thucydides are ali in me nio ulla os Alcibiades umen e is spealcing of his exile an altern ptin to lease Spartans vi 89 5, 2. ), cu Athenian ligarChS Visi 47. et ' λιπαρχία.

referen CC.

speat in to Spartan vimpathiser V. ii 3 13 14 oro eaeli oti aer idici a). The Socratio circle polce nau Ch os καλοκαγαθία ab an ideat, hut the domo seen to have sed the ather Ostensive πονηρία. Ins noν ii 9 8 the word is applied to συκοφάνται tb Arcthedamus, inito's in olfhound ' he is φιλόχρηστος an adopis the tone O a χρηστός. In iii 3 18 πονηρία is sed of the indiscipline of the Athenian δημος. Et Iripides gives a sex interestin Cases. In stat imos political play, the Sit l, es, extrenae denaoCrac is Critici sed frona themorian potia ofvi ex by the Argive herald, an frona the Athenian laoderate Vio in ofvieri by Theseius : πονηρός in ur sense OCCur in both Critici SimS, 2 3

Euripides natis have hear the καλοὶ κἀγαθοί grunabling, a the Moligar holoes POL Ath. I. 1οὶ, πλείστη ἐστὶν Ἀθηνησιν ἀκολασία, και

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οθεν κα καλους κἀγαθους και γνωρίμους τούτου- προσαγορεύουσιν .. και τας ολιγαρχίας ιναι φασιν ἐκ των aλῶν κάγαθῶν μαλλον δοκεῖ δ' ti/α τωναδυνατωι τ μγ ευνομε σθαι την αμιστοκρατουμένην πόλει , αλλὰ πονηροκρατου

μένην. It is the opinion and the language of the old ligarch hicli Aristolle proCeed to Pici to pie es. In the only the instanc I canquote vitii Confiden ces rona Aristoties Pol Ath. 35 τους συκοφάντας

και τους τω δημω προς χαριν ὁμιλουντας παρα το βέλτιστον κα κακοπράγμονας

Argive herales an interestin figure in Eum p. mp. 576 say to Theseus

καὶ Σωφροσυνας πλατίον οἰκεῖ

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ἐπιεικῆ a Conanaoni γ' applied to lae eas onable an inoderate mi indo the educate naan ut it ina have a political tinge of naeaning in suci cases a Thu Cyd. iii 3. 2, en Heli. I. o In sonae vell-:known passage of Aristolle, ἐπιεικής, like γνώριμος, refers o socialposition 1more ita an to politica opinion, P . visi v IO. 3 p. 131Ob Lo

N. A.

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APPENDI III.

usuali plain vii trochaic are chosen instea of anabi cs the fleo ostiurr o trepidation is heightene uiana istalceata, . ach of the laree Atti trage lians thas ais o vn Way of managin me iana bicora ineler, and no ne vitia an ea Can ait o see lao v the Character of the poet' sithougiat o style is reflecte in his thythim. The conat lanabi tranaeter has an entiret disterent effect frona theiragi sine of Eschnus and of Sophocles the line os Euripides, especiali in the plays vrittera aster about 42 B. C., S, a IS vel l known, ligi ater an imore colloquial in style, ut is stili separate by a great guis froni Aristoplianes'. The comi iambi use the anapaest in any oot except the si xt h. That Certa in delicate reStrictions vere ina posed onthis license vas ima te probat te by Reisii Conject ad A/us opham m) and lae question has been reate et alborat et by C. Berialiardi de

gi ven by tarici in the introduction to iis edition of the I asses. I dono finii it eas to belleve that the rules gi ven iby these Cliolars fere present in sticli definite ornas to the an Cient Conai poetM: these ules sorbi l layllinis vlaicla re no doulat exceptionat, ut imight be used by the poets in exceptional Cases sor suili Cient reaSon of theiri via.

I belleve that Aristophanes seldoin is ver se a purely tragi lanabiCline vithoiat an intentiori. purei tragic naean a line not lividec bet veen spealcers containing oni lanabi and pondees, and containing a sponde in the fifth oot ni unde the vell-known restrictions lai do via a Porson. lais definition o Course excludes a large tu imber of lines, Containing trisyllabies et ita a naay be loolcedinas illae conii or tragi in rhyllana The restrictions via icta Conaed an diraged respecti vel inaposed on the se of dactyl in the rs and thiro et, an os tribractas laroughout the rst v seet re so a dis ove arae obet Nov. ecf. p. o 7 lay do via lae certa lex aetrica'