Heracleidae [microform];

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INTRODUCTIO N.

Early caree o Euripides. Plot of the Heracles e iis political objeci Legend of the descendant os Heracles and thei subsequent fortunes Criticism os in play iis principat characters. Auinoiityso the texi and uotice of previou editions. EURIPIDES, the son o Mnesarchus o MnesarchideS, ' va S

srom Argos, demandiniin' is master' nam the instant return os the fugitives The Chorias interpos in vaim Demophon appearSon the SCene and asterim ano altercation vitia Copreia refuseS For the probat te date of this Play, Se P. 5.

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to suri ende them Copreus depans vitia naenaces of war. Iolaus in the nam os them eraclei lae, votus elema mendShip vitii lae Athenians, and Demophon prepares for the impendingconflict oon Eurystheus an his hos appearin the Cop fines of Atticaa Demophon is ready to resis hina, but solisnaayed

Inaiden o notae hirtia must be sacrifice to Persephone. tthis crisis Macaria, et des of the aughters of Heracles, offers hersei a a victim persistin in her resolutio in spite of the protestations os Demophon an Iolaus Aster alcinia tenderfare vel in her mend rahe clisappears frona the 4 Cene, the Chorus singin an de in prais of her heroism. in retatne os Hyllus, ne of the sons O Heracles, arrives vitii the nexus thathis master is at hand with a lar e force, and that both armiesare in barit array Iolaus, in spite o age and decrepitude, in Si St On CCompanying the servant to the fieta in the misisto the inlit his ouili is ni iraculousi restoressi hemid Hyllus in deseatin the Argives, and vitia his o vi hand Captures EurystheuS, via is presently brought in Chains hesore Alcmenato receive his doona he demandi his life The chorus

protest against puriing o death a prisoner of war, but EuryStheus

declares his villinmes to die, an is led of to execution, after prophesying that his death and buria in Atti soli villae a protection to Athens against the descendant of the Heracleidae, is ever the invade the countra es of thei benefactors. The Heraclei aeris ne of the plays havin a direct political object in Connexion vitii Contemporar evenis. This vas toreproach the Lacedaemonians for thei invalitude in allying thenaseives vii their H enenates, the Argives against the Athenians ivli ha been in ancient day the protector of thechildren o Heracles. The relative positioni these three states vili est e understoo fron a summar of the evenis immediatet preceding the assume date of this play. A Divmonilis aster the Peace of Nicias bet veen Athens and Sparta in the pring of 42 B.ta, Argos hac been put for vard as the heado a ne v Peloponnesia ConsederaCy, includ in Corinth, Elis, an Mantinea. An attemptrio eStablisti an alliance bet veen the

A LYSIS O THE HERACLE AE. Lacedaemonians an Argive to arcis the lose of the sanie year ad signati falled. In 2 Alcibiades, whos polic WaSthen Stron ly anti-I aconian induce Argos an her allies Io

embasSy rom Sparta The Sufflues of Euripides probablyappeare at this time, iis object ein to remin Argos of herdebicio Athens xvlio ad formeri espou sed the Argive cause against Creon and the Thebans by reclainain the hodies of thei unburte chiesia1ns That pia inculcatem the ut ofeterna mendshi an assiance bet veem the Athenians and Argives, whereas the Herataeidae S, as aves have Seen, o adecidedi opposite tendency vo ears later Agis, cing of Sparta, invade Argolis vitii his entire force, and the Athenians, as in dut bound marche to the suppor of thei assies. Ille decisives victor of mantinea aestoressi thes Lacedaemonian influence in Peloponnesus, while by the essoris of the ligarchicalpari in Argos the assiance vit Athens vas qui kl dissolved an a reat made vitii Sparta sor st years his ear 4I B.C. is the probabie date of the HERACLEIDAE, thoughsonae, o account of it anti-Spartan Sentiments are incline toreis it to ne of the earlier ear of the PeloponneSIan war,

betwee 43 and 27 Considerintho veve iis main objectand tendenCy, it is more likelyrio have been produce at a time viten Argos an Sparta vere Combining their po vers to the injur of Athens, than at the eginning of the strumle, vitii

The main ovilines of the legendi; vhicli his planis Mundedare preserve in the narrative of Apollodorus, a fabulis of the

I itae true that these plays vere brought o the Stage vithin three orlaur,ears of one another, during the histin interest of the Peloponnesian waa, it vili prove ho v completet Euripides regarde them astemporar politica advices, Varying rit the siluation VI may perceive atro vin tendenoni tragedyrio becomes vritte record, andio appea to the readin public instea of the listening row in the

theatre.'

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0 INTRODUCTION

by Iolaus is allude to by Pindar in his inti Pythia ode

vliere the Cholias record a sonae vita different tale of his renovate youth. hcam is represente in id tradition as a data liter of eraCles, ut her character is ivlioli ima inarulier anae ein talcen frona the prin calle Macaria, ea ΓNCorythus in the Marathonia tetrapolis The event known a the Retur of the Heracleidae is placedo the order-land et wee mytholo an history. The received account is that aster severa unsuccesssu invasions of the Peloponnesus, Hyllus havin been lain in sin te combat buEchemus o Te ea, the Heracleidae agree to abstain frona any turther attempto reconque the counto se fift οὐ hundred

Others, a Pausanias, represent Theseus as cinio Athens a ste

Aegi inius ivlion Heraclesia once aide in a contes xvith the Lilpithae), an aster the appoin te time had expire Temenus, Cre SphonteS, an AriStodemus, the reat-granoson o Hyllu S, proceeded in conjunction ivitii themoriansio invade PeloponnesuS by Way of Naupactus. For the etails of this expedition the student is referre to themistor o Greece. The result vaSthe conquest of the Achaean inhabitant of the Peloponnes and the partition of Argos, Sparta, and Messenia among the DoriaBSand the Heracleidae. This event is date by Thucydides about eight years after the Trojanovari Thus the legend CompriSeS vithi a Single epoch a series of evenis that naus have talcen Iaian year to CComptisti. The Dorian occupatio ofPeloponnesus is a faci, but it could ni have been graduallyeffected an no xvithout a long an stubbor resistancein thepar of the Achaeans. The legendar accounts Var much a todelatis, but the mosti agre in representin the reCover of the PeloponneSus as an actis res orationis long usurpe dominions to their rightili ners, the descendant of Heracles the originallor of Mycenae and theraeighbourino di Stricis. In Critici sing sonae of the play belongin to the niddie periodi Euripides career, Professor C. . Mulier of Uttingentias observed - Thesieces of this perio are rich in allusion sto the Vents of the da and the relative position o partieSforme in the Greel states an calculate in man waySto fialter the patrioli vanit of the Athenians B ut Euripidesdoe not like Aeschylus, conside the mythica event in nyrear connexion ovili, thes historical but inin seelcSoli and ageri lay hol o an opportunit os leasing the Athenians by exalting thei nationa heroes an debaSing the heroes of thei enenates' This persistent laudationis Athensosten exceed the limits of a Selserespectin patriolisna Tosa of her, as Iolaus is madeo do in . O3, επίφθονον λίaνεπaινεi ἐστι, Mas vide offac a possibie, and a mere panderingi popular vaniis

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INTRODUCTION

imagine uiat a large portio os me play has been lost aster the chora ode endin a l. 627. But the introductio of sucta matters at illi potnt uould have serve oninto distraci attentionfrona a Siluation o absorbin interest, ille impendin batile vitia Eurystheus an his Argives In spite o ali ob)ections there is litile oub that the Heracleidae vas a popular play au the time oscit representation, and is xv xvould judge iis merit fairly we ausi vie v it Dona the standpoint of the origina spectatori: and by the lis latis Contemporar circum-

Academicae, remaias Euripides Propter suos Athenienses nulla serenetragoedia non tangit rempublicam . . . Iam enim arrogans ille Δῆμος morosior evaserat quam fuerat Sophoclis et Aeschyli temporibus neque facile serebat omitti ullam sui laudamii occasionem. Isti quasi libidini obtemperavit, ut Potuit, Euripides, Ina o Sane Tragoestiae detrimento.'

Me note on l. 82I. Ego quidem sic statuo siricid in Graecorrum poetarum carminibus

A LYSIS O THE HERACLE AE.

The colloqunbet veen Iolaus an in Servant of Hyllus besore the batile l. 68o, etc. has been Censured a partalcindito muCho the nature o Comedy. Henc it has been thought that the Heracleidae, lihe the Alcestis, vas intende a a Substitute for Satyri ' play, o the fourili play of tetralogy. ut have no evidenCe of SuCli intention an it is probable that Euripides introduce this cene to eniive the actio at apoint vliere the interest might have aggesy, and also toenhance the effect o Iolaus miraculous restoration to ouila, in contrast viil his forine State os decrepitude. The Separate Character in the play ma be notice very briefly. Demophon an Iolaus are types, the ne of chivalrouSindependence in defending the right of OppreSsed StrangerS, the ther of nobi disinterestednes in a righteous but fortornCauSe Macaria is ne os a trio os sanious heroines in the playso Euripides the thero vo Iein Polyxena in the Hecuba an Iphigenia at Aulis. Villi the fornier of these Macaria has

. . . eiusmodi SitJ, quod ad aequales tantummodo pertineat, id ita laudandum Sse, ut memoria ac cogitatione in Prisca tempora redeamus, atque eo animo ad talia accedamus, quas spectemus fabulam, non quatile mus. PBligk, Prooentaui ad Heracita S, P. . At the greater Dionysia, after three successive tras edie had been played a lighter piece, called satyries play, vas presented the wholesor india aetratoo, o series of sola plays. The Cres scis urinlyextant specimen For the orion of the name, in connexion ivit the vorshi o Dionysus an his attendant Satyrs, se Introduction to the Alcestis, PP. Viii, iX. Ne scena otiosa SSet et lanreret usque ad pugnae tempuS.'

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os thens an her protector in inae to come omovea but lanae, an me Oaorias are enable Pio exclain a partinil eandiu rulers are guttiles of his biooda n lite M S. Containing numerous corrections there are three Neither of these Codices is of hrst-rate value. The presentheroi . no exercise 1 sor patrioli reasons, unde pressure os public

HERACILE IDAEDRAMATIS PERSONAE.

πλείστων μετέσχον εἶς ἀνὴρ Ἐρακλέει,

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IO INTRODUCT N. much in common hecis an exile, Polyxena a lave liene in both Cases adversit engender a seelin os despair, an deat hi xvelcomedis a releaSe rota present misery Iphigenia onthe Contrary, stili in the restanes of outh and villa bra hiprospeCt in life at rst deprecates eath in a pallaeti appenit Agamemnon ' and then o learning that pon lae alone the wellare of her Country depends, eme herset so the approachin sacrifice R. laus in ali three instance s fearleSSnes Sos dealla, submission to inevitabie sate, an palmoti self-dentalare the prevailin motive os action. In the conclud in scene Alcmena' ferocit in demanding the life o Eurystheus is repulsive totur ideas of humanity, butth plo requires his death. The truculent lan uage of Alcmena Serves as a Mil to the dimitae acceptance of his late by the Vanquished cing, ivli in virtu of hic: ιδ ε 3

. τε 11I, MVων αν in μαλλον εὐτυχέστερος η ζῶν το γαρ ην μὴ καλως μεγας πόνος mc. 377 Wiin the angarage of Macaria in I. 595 of this Play. μαίνεται δ' ὁ ευχεται θανεῖν κακως ην κρεισσον η θανεῖν καλως

HERACILE IDAE.

DRAMATIS PERSONAE.

The paris os Iolaus and Eurystheus are played by in fidit actor

LIάλαι πορ ἐστὶ os ino δεδογμένον ὁ μὲν δίκαιος τοῖς πέλας πέφυκ ἀνηρ, ὁ δ εἰς το κερδος λημ εχων ἀνειμένον πόλει, ἄχρηστος καὶ συναλλάσσειν βαρύς, Ἀμω Ἀριστο οἶδα δ' οὐ λόγω μαθών. ἐγὼ γαρ αἰδοῖ καὶ το συγγενες σέβων, in κατ Ἀργος σύχως ναίειν, πόνων πλείστων μετέσχον εἶς ἀνηρ Ἐρακλεει, ὁ ην μεθ' μων- νυν δ επῶ κατ' οὐρανὸν

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IO 'αιει, τα κείνου τέκν' ἔχων πο πτεροῖς

σώζω τάν αυτος δεόμενος σωτηρίας. ἐπώ γαρ αὐτων γῆς πηλλάχθη πατήρ, πρῶτον μὲν μας θελ' Εὐρυσθεῖς κτανεῖν

αλλ φεξεδραμεν και πόλις μὲν οιχεται,

i, ψυχὴ δ' εσώθη. φεύγομεν δ' ἀλώμενοι

ἄλλην π ἄλλης ἐξοριζοντες πολιν. πρὸς τοῖς γὰρ ἄλλοις και τόδ' Εὐρυσθεῖς κακοῖsυβρισμ ες μας ξίωσεν υβρίσαι' π μπων που γης πυνθάνοιν δρυμένους 2' κήρυκας ξαιτεῖ τε κἀξείργει χθονος, πόλιν ' προτείνων Ἀργος οὐ σμικρὰν ξφ ηνεχθράν τε θέσθαι, αὐτον εὐτυχosνθ αμα. o y σθεν μὲν ἀπ εμο δεδορκότες, σμικροῖς ὁ τουσδε και πατρος τητωμένους, 25 τους κρείσσονας σέβοντες ἐξείργουσι γης. εγω δε συν φεύγουσι συμφεύγω τέκνοις και συν κακῶς πράσσουσι συμπράσσω κακῶς οκνῶν προδοῖναι, μή τις δις εἴπ' βροτῶν ιδεσθ', ἐπειδὴ παισὶν υ εστιν πατήρ,3 Πύλαος υκ μυνε συγγενὴς γεγώς.

πάσης δε χώρας Ἐλλάδος τητώμcνοι, Μαραθῶνα και σύγκληρον ελθόντες χθόνα ἱκέται καθεζόμεσθα βώμιοι θεῶν

HERACLEIDAEI 5

προσωφελησαι πεδία γαρ τησδε χθονος

35 δισσοῖς κατοικάν Θησέως παῖδας λόγος κλήρω λαχόντας, ε γένους Πανδίονος, τοῖσδ' εγγῖς ντας ὼν κατι τέρμονας κλεινῶν Ἀθηνῶν 'ςτήνς ἀφικόμεσθ' ὁδόν. δυοῖν γερόντοιν δε στρατη γ ται φυγή ήγ εγὼ μὲν ἀμφι τοῖσδε καλχαίνων τεκνοις, δ' αὐ- θῆλυ παιδος 'Aλκμήνη γενος,

ην τῆσδ ἀπωθώμεσθα προς βίαν χθονός. τέκνα τέκνα, δε Γρο λαμβάνεσμ εμῶν πέπλων χρῶ κήρυκα τόνδ' Εὐρυσθεως 5 στείχον Ἀφ' μῆς Ου διωκόμεσθ' ποπάσης ἀλῆται γης ἀπεστερημενοι. A μῖσος, εἴθ' λoto χ πεμψας 'H ἀνήρ

55 η που καθῆσθαι τήνδ' δραν καλh δοκεῖς

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ο γάρ τις εστιν o πάροιθ' αἱρήσεται

την σην ἀχραον δύναμιν ἀντ' Ευρυσθεως χώρει τί μοχθάς αυτ i ἀνίστασθαί σε χρη

A τὰς Ἀθήνας δαρον οἰκοῖντες χρόνον, ro ἀμύνεε Ἱκέται δ' ἄντες αγοραίου Qς βιαζομεσθα καὶ στέφη μιαίνεται, πόλει H ἄνειδος και θεῶν τιμία.

Stropho. X in sic. εα α' τίς η βο βωμολπέλας εστηκε ς ποίαν συμφορα δείξει τάχα

75 ιδετε τον γεροντ' ἀμαλον ἐπὶ πέδω

od G ξένοι, με σοὐς ἀτιμάζων θεοῖς

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I 8 EURIPIDIS ξυνοικον ῆλθες λαόν γ' περαθεν ἁλίω πλάτα

Io is σου κρατουντες νθάδ' ευρίσκουσί σε.

ἄθεον ἱκεσίαν μεθεῖναι πόλει ξένων προστροπάν. KοΠpεὐ c. καλον δε γ' εξω πραγμάτων ἔχειν πόδα, Io ευβουλίας τυχόντα της ἀμείνονος. Xopo C. Oυκουν τυράννω τησδε γης φράσαντά σε χρῆν ταυτα τολμῆν, ἀλλα μη βία ξένους θεῶν ἀφέλκειν, γην σέβοντ ελευθέραν

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EURIPIDIS HERACLE AE

ικεται κάθηνται παιδες ις Ηρακλεους βωμον καταστεψαντες si ὁρας, αναξ, Iax πατρός τε πιστος Ιόλεως παραστάτης.

σον διτ φράζειν ἐστὶ, μελλειν Ἀμοί, ποίας ἀφῖξαι δε Γρ γῆς ἄρους λιπών

Αργειός εἰμι, Οὐτο γαρ θέλεις μαθεῖν 135 - οῖσι δ' κω καὶ παρ υ λέγειν θέλω.πεμπε Μυκηνῶν δευρό, Εὐρυσθεῖς ἄναξ ἄξοντα τούσδε ' πολλα δ' ηλθον, ὼ ξένε, δίκαι ὁμαρτῆ δρῆν τε και λέγειν χων.

Αργεῖος ων γαρ αὐτος Ἀργείους ἄγω I in εκ της μαυτos τούσδε δραπετα ἔχων, νόμοισι τοῖς κεῖθεν ψηφισμενους θανέ δίκαιοι δ' ἐσμεν οἰκοsντες πολιν αὐτοι καθ' αὐτῶν κυρίους κραίνειν δίκας. πολλῶν δε καλλων ἐστίας ἀφιγμένων,