장음표시 사용
111쪽
and censors of the se id college or commonalty, to be candidales for Hedtion into the society or fellowstiis of the sa id college or Common alty,
who were then, and were to be then eforth called candidares. This by-law was consistent With the powers granted to the college by their Charier of incorporation, sor the word communitaS in the Charier, implies not a separate Classe of members, but is Used eXpresely as a synonymouS term to collegium, the aggregate College . Nei ther at the time the
the distinction os ordors made in 1533, COUld any posse sis the rank of GVegae or members of the college, eXcept th6se, who h ad been bo id, de admitted to every corpora te right. The si sistatute, de Candidatis of the printed statutes of
1765, however, est ablis hes a Classe of afluat members of the college, Who are not, in faes, allo edany one Corporate privilege. This nominat an linessective rank as members, may, indeed, serveto mark the Commeracenient of future partialpatronage and advanc ement; as it serves to disit inguim
' See note, p. 66. of this Pamphlet.
112쪽
tinguisti the Socii noscentes frona the minus Heli ad medicinae facultruem exercendam tantummodo permisi. We are not informed, however, of any by-la nearly Coevat with the charter, to prohibit physiCian S, AS many are now prohibited, the right ofan application to be eXamined as Candidates
for election in to the fellowship of the college. TUI the time of Queen Mardi, V said Alr. Justice
Aston there was no distinction os major aud minor among these physicians There is a hiatus of nearly a Centvry, betWeenthe first division os medicat praesitioners, in London and iis vicinity, in to three Classes, and the late of the earli est by-laws of the college that have been referre t to in this generat Vie . During so long an intervat, there is no doubi but many regulations must have been made in thegoverninent of the College : but among the by-laws, called saluta noUa, whiola bear the date of1647, and whicli are sa id to have been confirmedand est blis hed in 1687, there is one, the eighth, whicli indisputably proves, that admission in to theorder of candidates, at that period, WaS, Under a specified restriction, open even to the apothecaries and surgeons. 'Ιs perchance any surgeon or apothecary should oster himself to the president
113쪽
our society, who has his faith pledged to any other. V This by-law stanos the eighth, lihewise, of the Statuta Nova, in the printed Copyof the statutes of the College of Physicians London, publimed in 1693, and is there sal l to have been made in 1687; but in this printed copy,
after 'into the number of candidates, V thewords, or licentiates, V are inserted. It is however to be supposed, although it is not so expressed in this statute, that surgeons orapothecaries, who fhould apply for admission into the order of candidatra, Under this statute, were required to bring documents of their having takena doctor's degree, and of their having been in- Corporaled in one of the universities of England :for the statute De Candidatis, in thos e generat statutes of the date 1647, and of the date 1687, as publimed in i 693, decrees That the num- ber of candidates stati not eXCeed twelve : that no one strali he admitted into that order, who
114쪽
college, be re he is admitted to examina- tion, his diploma, or true and genuine letters testimonial of that university: and he siali have and show a testimony of his incorpormion
in one of Our own universities. V This statute
was continued among the statuta de Candidatis, inali the copies whicli I have seen, untii those ofi 63, which were publis hed by the college, eX-cept that the clause limiting the number of candidates to twelve was omitted in ali subsequentio the date of 1693. The custom os incorporating to a degree in the Englisti universities, prior to admission into the College of Physicians in London, certainly eXist-ed long be re the earli est date of any of those
It appears to have been usual with the college, to assiX to their statutes the date of their latest confirmation, and there cannot be a doubi but that this very by-la , Or one similar to this, was in force antecedent to the year 1647. For Dr.
115쪽
of the College of Physicians, dated in I 633, Complained of the facili ty with whicli incorporation
out giving any publique testimony of their learning and stili in the profession and in another part of the sanae letter, he says, that
incorporation was in an instant obtained by a ς litile summe os moneyNow, as was observed in the late address of certain of the licentiates to the college, Such an incorporation could surely furnisti no proof of the learning or Charas ter os a Candidate for admission into the college ; and the Only mo- tive sor requiring it, seems to have been a de- sire in the members to increase the emolumentS of the universities, where many of thenaseives had been educated. V
This might, probably, have been the fact.-But the demand was indisputably a deviationfroin the frst principie of the College Charier; but not'being a deviation productive of any
116쪽
obstacle to the ultimate succese of the candidate, which was not eastly to be surmounted, it Wasnot likely to excite any considerable opposition. There are other statutes, whicli as much betraya destre to increase the emoluments of the collegeitself, as those of the universities, where many of iis members had thenaselves been educated. Theyappear howeVer at the fame time, to have originaled in an anxious solicitude to magnify the importance of the Englim universities, by depre- Ciating allyothers. Yet from s me of thos others were transplanted a great mare of that science, Which enriches our own s Choois, andali the fundamental principies of that system towhicli, even now, the Englisti universities areonly Verging in their arran gements for medicat
The statutes alluded to are in the manuscript
in 1693. They state, since that there are many, who come hi ther datly to practisse physic, a considerable number of whom, quitiing pre- maturely their own UniVersities, go into foreign countries, that they may acquire their doctor's degree in tesse time, and at lesse eXpence than they could do in Our own Universities; there- fore
117쪽
versities, is, by hastening to that degree more speedily than is proper, he stiali have antici- paled the time appotnted sor that dignity: that is, is he be made a doctor besere he stati
s have rei ned seven whole years in aris, or stall have been so long a bachelor in medicine, he siali pay doubie to the College, president, and to the rest of the aforesaid college ossicers, to that, Whicli they are aCCUstomed to pay, who arrive at the appotnted time, and with in ture judgment, to the degree of doctor, aC- cor ling to the commendabie laws and custonas of our universities. V
jests in the fabrication of these by-laws; that
118쪽
not even the strongest powers of mind, with themost solid acquirements, would have advancedihe claim of any one to admission Under them, whose education had been accomplis hed with frugality in colleges, where there are not only wer temptations, to eXCeed the bounds of a moderate CXpenditure, than in the Englisti universities, but in colleges where the unavoidable expenCe is Considerablyilest, and where the period of graduation is not protracted, by any COmpulsory observance of merely Ceremonious andvnnecessary formS. There is another by-law in the Forma examinationum Sociorum et Candidatorum, i c. in eVery Copyprior to the printed Copy of 1763, whicli tendslikewise to prove, that there were Circumstances under whicli other graduates, than those merely of Oxford and Cambridge, might occasionalty obtain admission, after having been eXamined, into the order of candidates and of sellows:
but in iis specific object it dis plays so fastidi-ous an attemPt in the College, to affert and
maintain, at ali rates, their sancied superiorityof the Englim universities, that it would seem to indicate the necessity of theatrical contrivance, even in eXaminations, most certainly, not intendedto be sarciCal. Could
119쪽
Could it have become the gravi ty or dignity ofa body of learned and of scientisic men, sit ting in solemn judgment on the abilities of others, whowere to engage in occupations the most serious toman init, the most important to human wellareand happiness, to enaft, thnt is the person to le examined stati have taken his degree in either of our unisostias, he mali sor the salae of honour to be examined decentj, test the mollier universi ty should seem to suffer any indignity frona the form of our examination. V Can it be admitted that the College of Physicians in London was ever designed to be a subordinate appendage tothe Universities of OX ford and Cambrid ge, when ille legissature itself establis hes iis independent superiority and Controut in medicat assairs Θ Could then such a forna, sor the motives assigned, faiIto eXcite the ridicule of men os understanding ΘThere is in the statutes published in 1693, and in that Copy only, another by-law, the siXteenthand last, whicli stili more fully characteriges the temper of the gradu ates of the Englim universities in the College of Physiicians, at that period.
Si Doctoris gradum in aliqua nostrarum academiarum susceperit honoris causa sedeas, de uter examinandus: ne quid indignum pati, a nostra examinationum forma, mater academia Videatur.
120쪽
e cnan and ordain, that no surgeon nor apothecary, nor an ' other suci artificer, who has ever exercised any lesse liberal art whais ever, or bound to servitude, has served his appren- tices his in a mos, be admitted into the order of candidates or os fellows, test, is such be elected into the college, we should appear not sufficiently to have consulted our o u digni , or the honour of the universities of this hingdom, whicli, however, we ought and are always dis- posed to res pedi, with the ulmost veneration. V t appears sonaewhat eXtraordinary, that thisby-law si1ould eXist in the sanae code of lawswith that, to whicli this is so repugnant; withthat, Whicli tolerates the conditional admission ofsurgeons and apothecaries irato the order of candidates, and consequently into the fellows his of the college.
ably aggravated by the jealous exertions of the physicians, to restralia, Or to Prevent altogether, the increa sing influence of the apothecaries as medicat prastitioners. But is their right to