The works of Lucian

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on the clea fountain's brim, illi tender feet, The lead the a Z dance, round the altar

nobi an arto Socrates, ho, is e re to credit the Pythian or cle, a the wisest ofmen, o oni prat sed ancing, ut di himself condescend to learn it, attributing the greatest effect o music, numbers, and modulate motions norwasae asta amed though an id man, to considerit a the most serious thing.

He was, in deed, o litile frien to it ho frequented the school o music, and iste ne even to the ' courteZan Aspasia for is dona and instruction, thoughae lived hen therari as in iis infancy, and long e fore ita ad ar-rivexat iis present per se niona ad he een tho se homo practis it hewould I doub nor, have test every thing eis for his enteria in ment alone, nor have aught his pupil any thingie re, O in preferen ce to t. When o talked of traged and comedy, o must certaint have orgotthat there are ances appropriated o ach of thema forine, the Emmeleia; for the other the Cordax the Sicynnis also is sio metimes taken in illi them; but since oesset ut by referring these to ancing, ecause the are frequently propos edis subjects of contention, and are there re honourabie,

let us compare them together, o Pasi ver nause, hicli sint an attendant Ontur ari, and subservient to t.

Is we are to judge of traged frona iis fir appea rance, Chat a dis gustii, xand formidabie spectacle it i l to se a man come in stretched ut to an enormous tength, and stat hing in igh-heeled stoes, with a mas that comes out beyondiis head, and gapes ascis it ould devour ali the spectators, notio mentio the cumion stuck ut on the reas an diei lyclo mali artificiallat, o prevent the inconsistent appea rance Da thiniod then frona under

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his overing othea him crying ut semetimes hi gh, an semetimes loN, and cha uni ingliis sorrows in iambic verse, minit in nothinibu his voice, i r very thing elle sed tote supplied by the poet himself a long ag on

Hecubat Andromache spoke, his Nas tolerable ; ut hen Hercules comesto in calone, e forget the clul, and the lion' Min drops the character, and may be aixto make a solectim inde ed. Yo alledge, that in ancing, me a the par of Ornem no this is commoni done both in traged and comedy, in both there a re more

V omen than meta in comedy the principaliaris, o mahe the audiencelaugh, are gi ven to the ridicul Ous characters, cooks, studions Davus's, and

Tibius'. on the otheriand horum eat and decent the habit and appearance of thesilancer is, I nee no remarh, ne mustae bl in diota se it adyto his, that the mas is alNay handime, an sui texto the action, notina ping like the ther, ut illi the mouili mut There are, in deed, other mouilis enough to ope in prat se of it. It was formeri usu a so the fame person both to sing and ance; ut finding that hortia est os reat froni qui chmotion polle the song the reli eved the ancer, an appotnte a person tositio ' unde hi m. illi regar to the things, traged an danc in arenearly the sanae, excepi that the alter has more variety, and i t more instructive. The reason hy there a re no exercises, oriri Zes for ancing appotnted: in reece, as I suppost, ecause the magistrates thought laeto nobi and

I, both. J his, o farra it regard the sinali rem ains of the aneten Mama no extant, is by no means true in Lucian's time, oKever, o ought e know, it might have been s Women, it is a nost certain, neve acte ei ther in comed or tragedy, and most probabin ereno then thought capable of it. What ould Lucia say, i h could come amongstis, to a Young, a ates, o a Barryd Umbr him. This et iis into a dramati manoeuvre hich e were totali unacquainted with, ne an dancing, and another explaining his motion in a soni a great deal of skill and exad inest must have been necessar in both. his idea agrees surpri singi inith the hypothesis supported by the Abb d Bos See his Reflections oniaintinnan Poetry. More in fructi υe. J Greek, πολυμαθι εραι, plus doctrinae habentes, a bol assertioni Lucian, whiel the tragic poets of this or an other age ill hardi admit but ou satirist, e must re- member, is apt oin auxilien to deal in the hyperbole the writers fio ever, o the other sideo the question re quali extravagant, melius est fodere quam saltare, say the pio us St. Au gustinea nemo saltat sobrius, says Tully and the author of the Histor of the waldenses very stravely assures his that a dance is the devit' procession, an a many paces as a man dances m many ueps does h mahe to ard heli; illi an other refle 'ions of the fame nature. Musive then, after ali, sendisur child ren to the ancin school or not: a Pope Dys,

sacred

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sacred a thinga hecome a subjectis public triat, as it ere, and examinationa noto mentio that there is a cit in Italy, hici, has adde this ornamen to thei Other games anilisere montes.

must here apologi Ze to ou for omitting many things hicli I mighthave mentionedin his occasion am no ignorant that severat ho have treate doli sanae subjeet e re me have wel much longe tapon it, averun through ver species of anc in g, i Ven Us their ames, an described what the were, and by Whom in Vented, illi a vie , I si appose, to meruthei extensive learning for my wn pari, I look pon alia his, a the o rambitionis the ignorant an besides that, it ouldie ver tro ubi e me and inconvenient to me, and for that rea sones passi them at over. I must defre

o ut the origin os ever Lindis ance, ut only to describe the ferumhicli I sirst mentioned, and which, I considered a the principat emoris of this nobi eati The chies en of this disco urseaeinget recommend ancing in generat, and o he ho much, both of pleas ure and pro fit, there is in illa I mean, ascit is no practised, no a it a formerly, ut it ali thesim provemenis vi hic it received in an since the time of Augustus Passing over, scit

isuit oscit. Takin no notice of the 'Thermaystris, the ' Crane and therest of those hic are foret g to ur present practice nor mali I mentionthea Phrygia dance, made se of generat ly by boon companion in their drin kinibouis and Whicli, ou rustic continue o his da to the so und of sutes, hich, lihewise, have ver litile resemblance illi ou present modesand a ions Plato, in his laws, finds fauit illi severat of these in his di visionis them into the se fui an agreeabie, rejectinissime a rude and indecent, an prat sing an ad miring thers. o much there re for the artiis et f. Foro describe ali the species of it ouldae a ridiculous and un-

Nermis ris. J A remarkably quic danee, boundin in eaps an caprioles, such a required the greate strengi an agili ty. Athenaeus calis it iuriosa saltatio, a mad ance and another author calicit, genus saltationis vehementis,i praecipuae agilitatis. Thecrane. J Greek, ιρα-ν, o called, e ma suppose, roin the light of that bird, hose motion inere probabi imitated by the dancers. Phruian. J his a probably, as it is describe to us, a rustic popular ance, in whici, the performers, a the danced sun to the dance tune,-Where are in roses. hereare, violeis, here are my beauti sui Marm of bees, c.

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ceive, that this ari is no tot numbered amongst the easiest an most practicabie, ut reaches to the tu inmit os alliu manci earn in x comprehendi lagmusic, numbers, geometry, with our favourite philosophy, both naturaland morat, though it dot notio id the subtilty o disputationi an means necessary. Orator ho ever, it ould no despisse,aut lay claim to a parto it a farras concern the passion and affections of mem nor must ille astrange to patiatin and statuary, as it an imitate thei symmetr and proportion, in icti a manne a nei ther hidias nor Apelles an e superior init. But, bove ali it ill be necessary for the dancer o have a great and Comprehensive memor es for like Homer' Calchas, et Mustanow the past, the present, and O Ome. That nothing may escape him, ascit is an imitative science, he must be ableto poliat ut and expres the thoughts of men 'hat Homer, there re attribute est Pericles, the good ancer must also enjoy a power finder-

standing hat ought tot done and of praeti siniit also. Horiae is to dothis I illiso consider. The fit st great requisiue is a knowlege of ancient history, a perseet remem. brance, as I be fore observed, and a prope representationis it He must know every thing the resore, rom chaos and the originis thinga down to the times of AEgypti an Cleopatra; illi ali that passe in the intervat as, thel castrationi Coelum, theatrihi Venus, the batile of the Titans, thema. tivityi Jupiter, the fraudis Rhea the stone, the imprison menti Saturn,

T summis. J his exaggerated encomtum put us in mindi a stro of humour and I be-lieve it is the only one in iij, in one o our arces, here the ancing-master observes, that the ou nil lady' imprudent condia canae attributed to nothingiucher neve havi nil earnis

ed tota iace.

1- AsianowJ See Homer' Iliad book i. The ea ration. E c. Lucian has here, probabi to te his learning. Whicli Nas ver existensive, ei ven us a long detalli ancient stori es, w .icti, to eonfest the truth, is athe tediuus and unnecessary it inouldiuret be sufficient to observe, in stipportis his labour dianegyricinthe ari, that the dancer silould be ac tua inted illi ver parti ancient hi: tob fabie, and my. thology. ithout entering o minutet in to the repetitioni them. It is observabie hac me of the tales alluded to remo mentioned by an author but Lucian, and contain sonae facts an histori es inhic in Enow nothin os amenquir into, an suli exis

planatio of them vili inould sit a quarto volninea Pliave nor, heresere, attempted aetas Whichinouldae both tiresume and uianecessa .

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and the late of the three brothers the rebellio of the ianis, the stolensire, the creationis meia, the punissiment of Prometheus, the power of the two kind of ove; the wandering of Delos, the birth of Latona, the ahingaway o Python, the nares of ityus, the id ille of the ear th disco vered by the fiight of eagies hesides these, e must remember the wreck of things in the time o Deucalion, ne ' ar containing the rem nanti man kind, and mortals pringing up again romstones the ear in Iachus in ieces, thetrick of uno, and burning of Semeleri the trili fioth Bacchus's, verything about Minerva Vulcan, and Erichthonius the contention o Athens, the stor of Halirrhodius, the sentence of the Areopagus, illi ait the mytholog of that country, particulari the traveis of Ceres, the hospitali ty of Celeus, the agri culture o Triptolemus, the planting of the vine by Icarius, the missortunes of Erigone, and every thing that is related concerning Boreas,

and rei thyia, an Theseus, and geus the carrb ingraWay of Medea, and the retreat into Persia the aughters of Erectheus an Pandion, illi allthat the did an suffere in Thrace; not orgetin Acamas, an Phyllis, thedii st rape o Helen, the invason o Athensi Castor and Pollux, the adventu res of Hippolytus, and the retur of the Heraclidae; his allie long to the histor of Athens, frona hiches have ni selecte these se particulars. Afierward must come that o Megara, the account of Nisus and Scylla, and the purple hair, the ourne of Minos, and his ingratitude to his benefactressi; to whicli, ill succeed the stor of Cithaeron and the Thebans, the affair of the Labdacidae, and the traveis of Cadmus, the o that a id do n the serpent' ieeth, and the me springin ut frona them, the metamorphosis of Cadmus into a serpent, the walis uili by Amphion by the ound of thelyre, the madnes of the bulliter, the pridem Niobe, herileiace an gries, the history o Pentheus, Actaeon, Oedipus, Hercules an ali his labours, with the murther of his hild ren Then comes Corinth that abound infabies, o Glauce an Creon, Bellerophon and thenobaea, the batile be- tween Neptune and the in the adnes of Athamas, the light of thechild rei os Nephele through the air pon a ram, illi the receptionis Inoand Melicerta amongst the deities of the seaci then follo in the histor of the Pelopidae, Mycenae, and ali that pas Sed here Inachus, IO, Argus, Atreus,

The r . A strong confirmatio of the truth of the Mosaic histor of the Delugea butiu

cian, in another par of his orkS, Whicli the reade Nili come o presently gives usin tali and ver extraordinary account of this matter.

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and Thyestes, Erope, theloiden seece, the wedding o Pelotas, the murthero Agamemnon, and the punissament of Clytemnae stra; e re this, the expeditionis the severi leaders against Thebes, the receptio of theiani med sons-in-la Ni Adrastus, the oracle concerning them, the sorbiddin os funerat rites, and the callis o Menaeceus an Antigone in consequence of it; adiicio his, a necessar tot knoKnowliata appene in Nemaea, o Hypsipyle nil Archemorus, and what passe long efore that illi relation to Danae' prison the birthi Perseus, and his conabat it the Gorgon, towhicli is Oined the histor of AEthiopia, Cassiopeia, Andromeda, and Cepheus, hom the credulit os aster-ages place among uae ars: et thermust he orget the stor o Danaus and AEgyptus, and the radulent marriage of thei child ren. Lacedaemon ill also furnissi hirn illi many evenis, theloves o Hyacinthus, the rivalimip of Zephyrus and Apollo, the murther of the bo by a discus, the floruer that prunxui frona his lood, illi the melanchol marks pon it, Tyndarus rising rom the ead, and Jupiter' quarret, illi Esculapius, the wandering o Paris aster his udgment of the apple, with the rape o Helen The history of Troy is connected Mith that o Sparta,

and is ver large and comprehensive a frona almost every one of the adventu res there, a fabie may be composed ali hich, he ought, heresore, to retalia in his memory, particulari frona the rape o Helen to the retur of the Greeks the voyages of Eneas, and the passion o Dido; illi, hichma be connected the acts of Orestes, and whatae performe in Scythia: nor must the previ ous circumstanceste largo of Achilles rem aining a Scyrus in the habiti a virgin the adnes of Ulys es, Philoctetes est in the desar is and ali the adventu res of Ulysses, Circe, and Telegonus, the potueros olus ove the winds, and every thing that appene down to the dea thos the sui tors, acta ac far as the nares laid o Palamedes, the angeris Nauplius, the adnes of one Nax, and the dea th of the ther among theroe ks Ilis ill allo fur nisi the hil sui ancer illi man subject Oenomaus, Myrtilus, Saturn Jupiter, and the fir contender at the Olympi egam es Arcadia ill likevvis supply him illi abundance of fabies, sicli asthe night o Daphne, Callisthes cliving the life of a lavage, the drunken stolics of the Centaurs, the birth of Pan, the loves of Alpheus, and his div- ing unde the sea. Ii e pass. sive into Crete, he wil meet illi great variety, Europe Pasiphae, the two bulis, the labyrinth, Ariadne Phaedra, Androgeos, Daedalus. Icarus Glaucus, the prophecies of Polyides, and

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Talus the traveller, ho carriet the brare tablet through Crete. d hegoes rom hence to Etolia, he will sia Althaea, Meleager Atalanta, the fatali rand rhe conabat o Hercules and Achelous, the birth of the Syrens, the originis the Echinae, heia the fur of Alcmaeon ad subsided the stor, of Nessus, and Deianira, and the funerat pile o Hercules Thrace illli hereis produce ome things ver necessar tot known by hina, as thedeath of Orpheus, his head Minam ing po the lyre and spe aking, Hoemus, Rhodope, and the punishment of Lycurgus Thessaly ill furnishraim illi sit more, Pelias, ason, Alcestes, the fleet of the fift y ouilis, Argos, and

the aikin stip the adventu res of Lemnos, AEte, the ream O Medea, Absyrtus toria tolle ces, ha be fel her in her voyage, and the stor of Protesilaus and Laodamia. I frona then celo go bactato Asia, ou ill meet with Samos, and the mis fortunes of Polycrates, an his augiiter' rambies into Persia, notato mention the more ancient fabies of the imprudent longueos Tantalus, the readit anque of the ods, with the eat his Pelops, and his vor mouider In Ita lyae illin Eridanus, it Phaeton, and his sister turne into trees that distille amber : e mustae acqua in ted also, with the Hesperides, heirago that guarded the golde fruit, the labour os Atlas, Geryon, and the riving of the Xen ut o Erytheia nor must hebe ignorant of the various metamorphoses into trees, beatis, o birds and of women into men, a Caeneus, Tiresias, and the like in Phoenicia, Myrrha, and the death of Adonis Besides these, e must no thos more recent facts hic happene aster the e stabiistiment of the Macedonia empire, it hal that Antipater an Seleucus suffere for the lovem Stratonice He mustbe acquainted illi the mysteries of the AEgyptians, andrae able O Xpressthem' proper symbolf such, I mean, as Epaphus, syris, and the god schange into various animais and above ali, their ove- adventures, particularly thos of Jove, and the many mapes e transformed himself into Hemust know also at the tragic history of the inferna regions thei punistiments and the cause of them illi the uncommon frien diuis of Theseus an Pirithous, continue even in the mades His memory, in stiori, must

Mox, uti victa gravi ceciderunt lumina somno, Visa coronatae fulgens tutela carinae

Vocibus his instare duci. See Val. Flaccus, book i. l. 3oi.

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comprehend very thing hicli Homer, Hesod, and the tragic poets have

recorded.

These fere things, uti a great many or ather a great many ut os an

infinite number, have here mentione lis indispensibi necessary, leaving the est tote sing by the poets, or leane up by the artista iniself, hic lihe must attaays have in readines to Produce, heneve he may have occasion for them.

Asai stili consist in imitation, an die underlahes to expla in very thinnthat is ungi gestures 'e must, like the orator, e tways perspicuous and intelligibi e that hale ver e potnis ut a bellain and clear, and no stand in need os an interpreter for, a the Pythian oracle declared, thed ancer mustae understood though hecis umb, and heard thoughie says nothing. Someth in like his appene sermeri to Demetrius the Cynic, ho, findin fauit illi ancing, as ou do now, asserte that i succeede mere lyby the assistance of music, conducing no at albo it self to the main actionubui, that men ere imposed ona a sine sithen garment, ainand me massi, the flute, and the good voice of the singers illi hic holiat was et is, though it ad n meriti it o n. An eminent dancer in the rei gn o Nero, nor es distingui med for his no lege of history than for the grace an deloquence of his motions, ni hegge Demetrius, hicli a certaini a very re ason able equest to se him anceaefore he condemne hina, and promised to perform ithout musici singinga hichrae did, and command ing the instruments to cease, he ancedae fore in the wholevior of Mars and Venus, the sun exposing them, Vulcan detectin and throwing the chalia sive the lovers, the god standiniby Venus biushing, Mars frighten-ed and supplicatin him in suci a manne a beyon mea ire t delight Demetrius, Glio a id him the ighest compliment crying ut illi a tota dvoice, cito only se every thing o do, ut evenaea it also for o urbanus seem to si ea to me. V

time, illi regari to this very ancer hom I uino mentione to ou, and whicli, a the greatest encomtum n the arbitself A certain barbari an frona Cnius, of roya line age, ho camerio Nero οὐ me private busin est, se this an ance illi severat others; he he performe se magingi 3 ,

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him, sorte a amat D Grecian, et he persectly unde istood hi m. Whenhe was return in home, Nero embra ced hina, and destre him to as forwhateverte lea sed, an die mouid have it Whereupon the barbarian aid, The greatest favo tarao can confer, illae, to make me a present of that dancer And when Nero assce What service e could ei to hina, ereptied, I have severa barbarians at home, ho spe ali different langu ages, and it is dissiculi to et interpreter for them this an ill supply the placemfine, and by his gestures explain very thinga me. So stron anim pressioni ad his imitative art ad on him, and o clear and excellent di xit appear O him. The hie busines and scope of this ari consists, asci e re observed init imitative persectiona the a me hich the rhetoricians in at, , articularly those ho excet in hal e cali declamation hicli always me et ivit hextraordinar applause, heia it is agre eable to the subject, and correspondsu illi the character of the person suppo sed to speah, ut hether he hera tyrant-kilier, a oor an or a uiuand man in ei ther of these, the merit te inrepresenting What is prope for, and peculiar o him.

I, ill teli ou What nother barbari an salixon his subject Seeing one da sive massis prepared, sor the fabie consisted frive adis, and but oned ancer, he enquire t ho as to perform the est of the paris and beii ginformed that he was tota them ali himself, did notanow, aid he, mygood friend that this ne bod of yo ursa ad so many ouis. 'The Romans have no improperi styled the ancer pantomime, theimitatoris very thing, as e reali is the poetical exhortation, here- fore, a be et applied to him; irequent thou in son, variotas cities an various eople, assum in thei manners, and ad hering like the poly-

anfomunes. J The mimic an pantomimes hicli Lucian here speak of vere not latro. dueed ill in the decline of the Roman empire, heia an almo total depravit of tasse prevalled: though ancers, the had thei names frona actin or imitation, copyin ali the force of the passioris, meret by motions of theiody, and without the elimo Woriis, represented stli thesortes of antiqui ty. Theyaecam so extremel fastiionabie, and were so universali caresied by the youia nobili ty that a lain, Gare told was a laltiade, thatio pantomime liould beiust erexto enter the hou se of a Patrician Sees eaverin Dancing, and the abbeta Bos. Poeti L J Alludin to thos verses of Theogenis, a quot eda Plutarch, The polypus here mentioned, a probabi a Lindis ob ster o muscle, adhering to the roch, Mad appearinyas a partis it.

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pus to very one of them. his is absolutet necessary to the ancer, hoe natist ad here io, andie familiar illi very th in abo ut hi m. The ari prosesies to describe the manners and passiosas, an to expres them by- action, to represent me as flected by love by anger, by ries by adness, an de very one of them illi it peculia gestures What is most astonissa ing, is, that in the sanae da is osten persor med the character of uagin Athamas, an affrighted Ino, an Atreus, or Oerope, and alia onerand the fame person. Other spectacles and representations ei ther for the ye or ear, exhibit uton thing, it is the pipe, the harp, the Ong the comedy, O the trage ly, but ancing comprehend them ait; o have the pipe, the harp, the cymbal, the motion of the Der, the chorus singing, and the actor spe aking, every thing, in mori, ut together into one in ther hings, the functions os the in and bod a re separate ly exerted, ut in his the a re nites it exercises the limbs, and at the fame time employ the understanding fornoth in is done incit ithout is dona an reason. Lesbonax, there re os Mytilene, ne of the best and worthi est of men, sed to say that ancer hadu is head he went frequently therelare, to se them, as thinhingi nevercam orati a theatre illi obeing the bet te forcit: and his master, Timocrates, avin been oni once, and that henae a far advanc ed in ears, present at this elateria in ment, cri ed ut aster it was over, What a spect acleliath the Dolisti ha me of a philosopher o long deprive mei flΙ Plato' division of the Qui in to three paris, the irascibi e the concupiscibie, and the rationat, e justisne, the good ancer a be sal topei forin them ali hen e represent the an gry man, the Over, and last ly, the moderate and sensibi man who uides very thiri by re ason reason,

in deed, reside over, and direct the whole of this ari, ein diffused through very pari, a the ouch is in very sense. Whilst, moreover, it consulis beauty an grace, doth it no demonstrate the truth of Aristotie'saisertion, Wh says in prais o beau ty, haesit malles one thir of the happines of this life pondes have eard otin men, esting on the silence of thed ancers, observe, that it avoured much of the Pythagorean doctrine. Some studies boast of the semi, and ther the agreeable; ut his lone posses seth both and the prosit is stili greater, ecaus it scioliae rei th plea-sure. I may be agreeable to se the contentions of oung men, resti ingin the and beating one another illi their sis, and renched in blood butho Mauch more pleas ant, a se, an decent, is the representatio oscit in adancel