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account, they collected mone sor hina, and e made a very preti revent eos it These ioor men, it seenas, ad persuaded thenaseives that the, fiould e immortal, and live for ver The despised eath, there reand offere ui thei lives a voluntar sacrifice, ein taxaght y thei law-giver, that the were allii ethren and that qui iti in Our Grecian go is, theymust oi stati thei oren sophist ho was cruci sed, and live in obedience tollis aius. In compliance illi them, they ooked illi contem p on allworidi treaires, and ' held very thin in common, a maxim hici, theylia adopted Mithout an re ason o foundation. I an cunning impostor, there fore, hoane ho I man age matters came among si them, he oongreta richi imposing on the credulit 3 of these Neali and Dolim men. Petegrinus, o Never, a se a libert by the governor of Syria, a manos earn in g, and a love os philosophy, ito, rei thal, et lanei the folly of the man, and that he cauld illingi have sust credieath so the sak of that glor an reputation hich e ould have ac pii red by it thinii in him,
home, he found the repor of his havin kill diis at he had gain et groundam ongst the cople, and that many had threatene to prosecute him for tr. Most of his money was atready expended in his traveis, and he had n lyabout fifteen talent test for the whole hici, the old an ted orth, id not amount to more tha thii ty though that ridiculous fello Theagenes tol&yo it a sve thous and The whole it os Parium, illi thei ve nexit it, is the were tot sold, illi thei catile, men, and very th in be- longin to them, ould no fetch so much. The assair of the murthe was no sprea abroad, and omebo ly, it was generali thought, ould oon stand forti, and accus him. The popula cewere e nraged, and lamente the os of the good old man, ahen way in somameles a manner But, observe ho the cunnin Proteus contrived to
Thes pisor men, E c. one cannot hel observing that Luci an is here endeavo uringa turn the primitive Christians into ridicule, for hos ver cullom and manners, hicli, in the yes of ever sobe and thinking man, must rende them most respectabie. He laugiis at them sorsupporting thei friends, an visitin them in prison, for thei hopes of immortali ty for their contempti riches, an sor dividing the litile the had amongii the oo and necessivo us. Hel temer ibing in common. J his custom of the early Christians though undeLon thenobtest principies of benevolence, as attende With sonae ad consequences, as it gave themeans os subsistence to any die an dissolute eggars, probably ver uia orth objects of chari ty, o hom, notwithstanding the could notieny the common right lainaeda convertito the neW doctrine Peregrinus, e see, Who might have therNise starved, o a good living
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e scape the ange that threate nediim he wen to the public assembly, hav-ing aken care, e reliand to et his hal raro , an pu on a diri gown, with a clui, in his hand, and a satchel halagi nidorun his hole appearancebe in truly tragic, presented himself to the eople, and tol them that hemeant to thro ali the est a te of his late ather of happy memory, in to the public treas ure oner ere the populace aequainted with his, than, liheloo creatures alNays gaping after presenis, the cri exotat immediate ly, that he was the friendis, is dona, the love of his country, and the oni rivalo Crates and Diogenes. The mouilis of his enenates ere stoppexat once, and i any an attemptexto mentio the murther, the took upione and pelle him. Once more, however, he was oblige to si his country the Christians ere again his re urce, an havinxeratere into thei service, hewanted for nothing Thus, e subsiste for sonae time, ut at length, hav- in idone omething contrar to thei laws, I belleverit as eatini od for-bidden among them, he was reduce to ant, and force to retrae his donation to the city, and oras for his state again, and siue a proces in
the a me of the emperor to reco verrit: ut the cit sent messages to him, command in hinario re main here he was andrae satisfied.
Afier his, esset ut o a thir expedition against AEgypt an visited Agathobulus; there e maved ne hal of his head rubbed his face veru ith ud, and in the id si os a great multitude, hippe himself, illia rod, o sui sered an body eis to hiplina a long a the pleastes these,
an many ther realis stili more extraordinary, e played for so me time. Fron the iace, he pas Iove into Italy, hereae abused every bod he camen ear, and particulari the em peror, ho, he neW, as os o mi id an d enti a nature, that he might desit illi impunity, hici madea in more hold and impudent. The prince care ver litti sor his abuse, and thoughtit, it hal by no means beco ming, o punissa a man hora ad the appearanceo a philosopher, for a se seolis Words; speciali one hos professionit a suo dea out obloqu and sander This ather increased his reputation; the ignorant and illiterate admirediim for his abusive talenis, and e greNevery a more amous: illis last the governor of the city, no longe able
UVb ped hi et This monkissi custom is, it stems, of preti long standing, and the ordero Flagellant has, at east the lea of antiquit in iis favour; ut i in readers have any curiosit on this subject, Preser them to an entertaining and most laboured tradi on this subject
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to bear his impertinence, drove in a Way; observing, ver pro perly that the eopte id not an in nee o sicli a philosopher. his, orie ver, made hina more ought after, as it a soon in very body's mouili, that a
philosophe was anime for his Deedom of speech, and the love of truthand liberty. This at sed his to a rival ip ith Musonius, Dion, Epictetus, and others, holad et illi the sanae fate. Whenae erat frona then cecinio Greece, he abused the inhabitanis os Elis; en deavouredo persuade the Grecians o revolt against the Romans tookuponaim sel severet to censure a person eminent for his an and earn in gawho, amongst ther hings hich he had done for the public good, ad brought ater o Olympia, for the bene sit of the spectators, ho, e fore, were perishinx ith hirst; his an he was perpetuali rati in against asone lio corrupte the Grecians, and ad thos effeminate, ho, at thepublic ames, laould e able to bear hir and very ther hard si ipQwhereas he had, in reali ty, preserve thous and frona innumerable di sorders, occasioned by the drynes of the soli, and the immense quantityi peoplecrou de together ad to this that he di an himself of this ater, hi isthe abused the man who rough it; lien, at tengili, the popul ac rose, and were going toton him, e scaped by lying to Olympi an ove.
Four ear a terruards, at the ex Olympi ad , he produce an oration inprais of the an hora ad brought the water, in illi an apolog for his iunconduet; ut, at tengili, gro in into dis repute, he was ahen ut litile notice of for ali his triclis ere o obsolete and hau in noth in ne to amus e them illi, o by Rhicli e could acquire fame, he thought, atlast, of this funerat pile, and accordingi gave ut amongst the Grecians, that he mouldiurn himselfipon it in a very mortui me this purpos hebegan immedia tely o di the ditch, bring the wood, and prepare verythinx ith on derfui fortitude and magnanimi ty. ut true bravery, in myopinion, is me n by patiently ait iniso dea th, and no in lyin frona lila: or, i he must die, hy no departi somemther means, o many thousan is a there are, an no by fire, and with al that tragical preparation hewas o fond of lanae, a be in more in the Herculea style, hy could noth have hos en sonae secreto ood mountain, here e might have one
Musonitis. J Musonius Rufus, preceptor to Epictetus, a cotemporar of Apollonius Tyanaeus.
t Dion. A famous philosopher in the rei gn of the emperor Domitian See Philostratus.
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and burned himself in silence, alone or accompanie on lyra his Thea genes by waym a Dithful Philoctetes ut e must need do it at the Olympi games, and in a fuit asse nil, ly roastin himself, as it were, on the stage no but it is a death hicli, by Hercules, e long since deserved is parricides an athei sis a re orth of it in his respeet he was a ther late hemiould have been roasted long ago in Phalaris' buli, an noti ave eo rime in a moment for I have osten eard his is the hortest way of ying ascit is only ope ning the mouit, catch in the a me, an expirin immediate lyci ut he has fallen pon his expedient, I supposse, ecauserit is grandand magnificent for a man to e burnei in a sacred ground where o corti seca be buri ed. ou all, o do ubi remember hina ho anted o berim
mortal, and could in Ono the way of e cominis but by settin si e tolli temple o Diana, at Ephesus. his an such is his love o glores, igambitious of the fame a te. He telis iis, that he oes it to serve man Lind, o te ac them to de spisse de ath, and suffer the most cruel torments bulci ould a se one question ofyou, no of him ould ou is to have malefactor imitate his fortitude, contemn eath, urning alive, and such readsul hing am ureyou ould not. Ho then could Proteus no , that it ould e of seon ly to the good, and would O mahe the ad and vici ous more earles of danger, and more audacio us p ut even supposia it might appen thatthos ora ly hould se this ho might thin i conduci ve to publica appiness,3 et let me assi ou ne more question ould o have our child rei imitate him ou ill say, o But why, in deed, nee Passi his, he notone even of his Ni discipies ili do it Theagenes, o say the truth, is much tollanae, eeing that hi istae imitates him in very thing et se, eis illiso follo his steps in his also, and go to Hercules, as e says, longwith him, hen e might in o mort a time, ain immortali ty, ni byleapin into the fames There is no much rivaliui in a alchel, a lub, an a diri gown thes may al be had illi eas and a fety ould have imitate the great end the rorun o ali bulli ut his pile of greensaggois, an suffocated himself in the moke. Therare is no peculia toHercules and sculapius; thos that are gulit os murther an sacrilegeare condemne to it a litile mohe, there re, ould e much etter: that ould e dying like ourseives, and yourseives only Hercules burned
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himself, ' Deve he was burnei at all, on account of the readfui di sorderwhichi laboured under, hen he was tori nented a the traged telis iis,
by the bl ood of the centaur tui ha reason ad Proteus to throw himselfinio thera res only. I suppose, to sae his sortitude, and that he mi hi resemble the Brachmans These his frien Thea genes compared him ob way of excuse . a i me might not be oolisti and ain-glorious in India as ei as an where et se si ut theseae id not imitate; for they, as Onesicritus, Alexander' tutor, ho se; Calanus urning in fornas has, dono jum in to the re, ut, ut id in ut a funera pile, and standin clo set it miser thenaseives to e scorche without stiri in g, then lay quietiyiownupon it, an neve change their Ostia re ut lia very great thing was itformur hero to leap in to the re, an die consumed immediate ly hould not in deed, have been surpri sed ora ear, that, 'heia he was hal burned,
he had leaped bac again, i he had not, a they sat he id, bulli the pile in a dee ditch se ere tot by sonae, that he had change his minit,
an gave ut a mere invention of his o n), that Jupiter ould no suffer a place s sacre t be polluted; ut, illi regari to that he might akehimself ea sy, for I ould Venture to Near, that non O the god Nouldb angry at hearing that Peregrinus ad destroyed himself But it was impossibi for im to reti eat the wretches h accompani edaim, too caret egihim on to animate his resolution, and revent his recedinifrona itthrough fear he had dragge in No or three of the e long illi imhe would have done, at least, ne goodissice He meant, I ear, o lono erto e calle Proteus, ut o take pon hi in the a me o Phoenix, ecause
TZυὸr, ULI Luci an seem here tori testion lae truth of histoiF, hicli telis his that Her cules, after he hadiu on the enuenomed alit, an nazid, made a funerat pile, and threin him set upon it, essirin his frieni Philoctetes to alie care of his siles. Se the Trachinia os o phocles, here the stor is tot a large though, perhaps, as Lucia intimates, it was nothing
7 h. Brasima f. In India says Tully ei qui sapientes habebantur, cum ad flammam se adplicaverunt, sine gemitu aduruntur. See cic Tusc. Quaest.
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solio Sed him, sonae ili teli us that this daemon of the night appeared tothem, and cure them of thei agues. His discipies, I suppose, ill et up an oracle, and buit a temple on the spol here e perimed, specially, a theirst Proteus, the son o Jove was a prophet he illa ave his pri est stoo I imagine, by and by Who ill hidior bur thenaseives like theirmaster, have thei nocturnal rites, and carry their orches round his funeralpite. Thea genes, as ne of his companion informe me, latet gave ut
that a Sibylaad ali eady prophesied concerning thes things, in the solio vingverses:
When Proteus, glory of the Cynic name, Shal bui id his pile, and eap in to the stam :Whenae si ali reach the larr reaim above, An high Olympus top, the seati Jove: Then, mortal all, et night' protecti nil ord, With Hercules and Vulcan, be ador d. The actene Did, e received these rota the Sibyl hersei saal nowlive yo the oracle of iacis on the fame subject it speah thus: When the proud Cynic, ho by many a nanae Isanown incite by that fury, Fame, Shali lea in to the ire, the whelps, who ait Around the olf, shali meet thei master' fate. Is ne amongst them hun the gloriousire, Totone the coward et ali Greece conspire That non may boast of heat ho hahe with old, o fili heir offers illi ill-gotten Oid. What thin you, m frientis, is no Bacis a good a prophetin the SibylpThe nobi followersis Proteus have noth in toto but look ut for a pro- per place, here the ma dissolve themselves into ir; foro his is heir phras for Urning.
. aeis. J Though, compared With the Sybilline, this asaut a Lindis second-rate oracle, it had iis day. Some of iis mos notable predictions are mentioned by Herodotus and Pausanias Lucian, o ever has ad ver De With t. his is apparenti a fictionis his OKn, rittentii purpos to ridicule the ther, aud is no bad burtesque oscit.
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Whenae had thus spoken the stander by ali cri edi ut the are Non hyof the flame, et themiurn -the orator then descended laughing, But nor the geniat east, nor floruingio rei
Could charin the cares of Nestor's walchsul Qui, Theagenes, I mean for, earing the noisse, e came Up, an vente a thousand execrations against the speaker, hoeve he was, forciano notthe good man's a me. Plest them then, and wen to se the ames forthe udges ere at ready assem bled. his pas distilis. When e came to Olynapia, the ac par of the temple a crouded withieople, sonae extolling, o me condem ning the intended sacrifices inso much that many of them en tollo Mabout it tili, at tength, the hero himself, attende by a vast concour se of eo ple, came, and in de a longspeech to the multitude, settin forti the event of his ast life and theman danger and troubles he had gone through in the cause of truth and virtve he aiked a great while, ut, o account of the croud whicli premed
See Pope' Homer' Iliad h. iv. l. I. M Philoctetes. Alluding to the stor os Philoctetes attending ou Hercules, whente thre himself o the funerat pile on mount eta.
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deserves no pity. He was attended, o ever, by a prodigious croud, and sucked in thei applaus and admiration, o considering that a malefactor,
dragge to the gallows, is suillas et attended. The Olympi games erenoWiver an finer, though I have been there Dur times, neve sare. So many people going way together, P a les belli ny me time, for anto a carri age; and Proteus havin deferre it rom time to time, at last fixe the night when he would exhibit the spectacle, an burn himself: rising the refore, at id night I Nas carrie by one os in friend to Harpina, here the funera pile a prepared, bout twent stadia froni Olympia, ea the Hippodrome, on the ea side it was alsed in a ditch vemo deeri a number of torche were sprea about illi bussies, that it might akeire the more eas ly. The oon rising si1 was tot a witnes of this nobi deed, the vie-tim came in the habit hic hae commonly ore, and withaim seme of the principat Cynics; amongst,hom a the great Theagenes, with a torch in his hand to play the secondiari an nota performer Proteus likerui se carrie a torchri the entered frona opposite sides, and lit the pile it thetorches and aggois then the ero I eg yo wil attendri me carefullyγlaid down his bag, his cloah, and his Herculea club, an appeare in his stiri, and a very diri one it Was: e then asked for seme frankincense, whicli, bella hande to him, e thre in and turn in to the outh, this turning to the ouili is a principat circumstanc in the tragedy, epaterna an materna mades he ried accepi me: V an saying this, heleaped in to therare, and the flames rising on very fide, sa. io more of
No more of him. It is no improbabie, that this arch-impostor, o lachae undoubtedlywas, might, after ali, scape by ome secret passage under-ground whic he had prepared onthe oceasiona as e cannot therNise Nel account se a scoundrei, like Peregrinus, carrying
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when Pthreatene to thro them into the re aster thei master, the were o quiet. Man were the reflections Whic I made, in m re turn home, on the loveo fame, a passion not to e sa ahen is evena those ho in ther respect sare orth of the highest admiration even the a re sensibi os ii as elicis
this ad fello who Lampe in to the ire, after hau in ali his lis deservedit. I me severat people goin to the glit, and who imaginei he was stillative so ichad been given ut the a be fore that he was to ascend the funera pile a sun-rising, hic licit seem is the custom of the Brachmans:
many of them the refore, hen I told them the assat was ver, turn ed bach, butithers, ho id not care so much about it, ent On to se the place,
anxio ge some relics ut of the sire Andioru my rien d I ad an infinite deal of trouble, in an Nering the questions os ali hos Rho ere inqui sitive aster ver particular. Whenes et with a sensibi man, I told hi in the plain factoas I xyou to the gapini log I adde sonae tragic horyo myiwn, lach, o instance, a that he the pile a lit, an Proteus h ad thrown himselfipon it, a greatinoi se a heard the earth hook, and a vultur a seen to rise ut of the flame, an diu toreard heaven crying ith loud voice, I have lest arti, and go to Olympus Struch ith amaze-men and religious horror at the relation the enquire os me hether the vultur ne in to Nard the east or est; to'hicli Pantaere Whateve came ui permost. Goinissime time aster into the assembly I et a grey-haired id man, whomi his bear an grave appearance ne ould have taken or a credit- able it ness, ho, not illi standing, after relating every thing thata ad hap- pene to Proteus, tot dis o he had seen him ster he was burned in awhite garment, cro ne Nit olive, Nathin ab ovi, and that he had est
Merales' eompansons. J f Whicli there a probabin me celebrate picture it was cstaini a fine subject forine. Log s. J r. ου βλακας, stipites.
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him ver chearsul, an merr in the portico. Aster ali, he brought in m vultu also, and woreae a i ny ut of the pile, though Phadmysel place hi there, in purpos to ridicule lac ma an olimsellows achim 1elf. You may asil gues the consequence of ali his: ha a ea o beesiuili besseti ling in that places What a congregation os rasthoppers, hat aflight of clows illi there, a many as a the tombis Hesiod, it a thousand miracles of the fame kincti I doub no but there illi ' statues of him at Elis, an in very par o Greecera for the say, he has si ready wrote letters to at the principat cities, containing his ill his exhortations, and his laws, hic hessent them by ambasi adors hosen rom among his folloruers, and whomae has digni fiex ith the ille of meshnger from thedead, o runners to the mades bet ore. Such was the end of the n fortunate Proteus, ho, to compris his ch
About ni ne daysae re his famous exit, aving, I suppose, gorge morethan usual , he was ta ken ill in the night, vomited, and was stiged it a violent laver this Alexander tot me, the physician, ho was calle in onthe occasio, he found him, heriaid, rollinxupo the ground complaining dreadfuit of the heat, and intreating that he might have ome cold water, whic the doctor resusexto give im, teli in him a the fame time, that, ii he was desirous of death hera a nomat the door that he could notio bel-- μμὶ See Thucydides, lib. in cap. 96.
. . Statues. J Lucia Was a true prophet. Athenagoras informa us that there Nas a magnificent