The works of Lucian

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This litile Tra I contain a mell-ωritte an ver entertaining Account of severat supersilious Riles and eremonici praZIsed in SYRIA AE LUCI AN was himselfah AssYRIAM, Ohat he say ma be depende in Man Particular tabit brae hererelates are extremel curious, ad ma at the iam Time e Vesul in eluoida sufferat Polat of Aucient Histor . The Traditio conceruing the DE LUGE, andiis Correspondenta mitis the Mos Ai Account, a relate i in the Narrative, is er remor able. LUCIAM' Observationis the Customa ad Manners of the reple,

are sensibi and judicisus. THERE is a cit in Syria, notria frona the rive Euphrates, called Hierapolis, o the sacre city, dedicate to uno the Assyriam: hensirx unde it had probabi sonae thermanae, and wasini so called in lat-

ter ages, an after the great sacrifices hich were there persormcd. Con- cerning this cit and the contents of propos to spe ali large ly, and of their custonas, easts, an sacrifices. I shal like Nise mention hat is reporte lcon cerniniit founders, an aster hat anne the temple istulit. A Lammyset an Assyrian, I mali relate parti What I as an ye-witnes of and

parti What happene in forme times, hi chra ad rom the pri est solio

reside there.

The AEgyptians, accordin to tradition, ere the fir men ho had any religious Ormip bulli temples, at sed altars, o institute rite an cere- montes the had the sirstano Klege of sacred hings, and were the isti reservers of sacre history. The Assyrians, sonae time aster imbibe their dodttines, and bulli temples, in hicli the place also statues, an idols, of whicli the AEgyptiansi ad non in forme ages there are at present temples in Syria, almos as ancient a the gypti an many of hicli I haveste amongst Whichris that Hercules the Tyrian, much olde than the Grecian Hercules here is like Nise another temple in Phoenicia, amongst

Hercules. J Hercules, a the earned Bryant observes, se his inalysiis of Ancient Mythology vol. i. p. s. Nas 'ille gi ven to the hie deit of the Gentiles, ho has been multiplied into almos res an personages a there ei e countries here he was orinipped. Tully, in his Natura Deorum, mentions I hin k, ix O this name Quartus, Dysae, Iovis est cAstriae, Latonae sororis, quem Tyrii colunt Whichris the Hercules here allude to.

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the Sidonians, hicli they a Was dedicatexto Astarte, homes imagine tobe the a me a the oon : ne of the pri est tot me it a sacredo Europa, the sister of Cadmus, and aughter of Agenor, hora the Phoenicians, on her departure frona them, honoured with at emple and of hom se. cred tradition says that be in re mari ab ly beauti sul, upiter fel in love with, and changin himself into a buli, an way illi her into Crete. Thi stor; Phear istoria severat Phoenicians and there is a coin no v extantamongst the Sidonians, representin Europa siti in gin Jove in the mapem abutici ut illi regard to the temple beinis acre to Europa, there a re vari. ous opinion amongst them. The have likeNise another temple, o Astyri an, ut AEgypti an frona Heliopolis, hicli I id o see: ut accor lingio repori, it is large, and very ancient. At Byblis I a the grani templeo Venus, here the celebrate the rites of Adonis, o hic hes was admitted: here, the teli ou he was Lilled by a Wild boar, an in memor of it theyperform certain ceremontes, illi,eepin and mourning through the wholeregion roundabout aster this come the funerat rites of Adonis, as ust dead, and on the nex da he is represented a restore Dio iis, an carrie u toheaven They a ave thei head at this time, after the anne of the Egptians for their god Apis. The η omen, Who do no chus toleraraved, a re oblio ed in te of it, to ex posse thei persons, an submit to the em-braces of stranger in the public market-place ora ire, during the pace of one hole .lay the mone arisingstona it is consecrated to the service of thego id est, and expended in a sacrifice to her. Some of the Byblians a that the AEgypti an Osiris a burtei there, and that the weepin and lamentation is in memory of him, and notis Adonis; this the confirma tellingus, that very ea there comes to them by ea, in severi days, a ead, whicli is regulati transporte istona AEgypt to Byblis, by sonae supernatural

There is lihewis in his place another miracle; a rive calle Adonis riseso ut o mount Libanus and empties iis et in to the sex this very year, scit fores in statias great par of the water illi a red colour, like bl ood, hich

The m men. The Iadies chusing ratheroo sacrifice heir virtve than thei fine hair, and preferring prostitution to a bal pate has omethinis ridiculous incit, that e cannot helpwonderintho the facetio his Luci an could passive the circumstance illiout maxini me observations On it.

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the Byblians conside a an emblem of thei missortune, bellevin that atthis eason Adonis as ounded, and that his lood inged the ea, and stave the nam to t. Such is the Opinion of the Vulgar: ut a maia os Byblis gave me a different account of it, an assigne another cause the riverAdonis, sat he, lorus through Libanus, hicli contain much exearthwhicli the wind drive into the river, and mahe it a re asilood is nottheilood there re that causes hi appea rance, ut the natur of the soli. Τhis the Byblian old me, hichisa proba bl be rue though the windys constanti blowing the fame a stem to aves mei hin in it super na

Frona Byblus I ascended in ne a to Libanus, here I hear there asai ancient temple of Venus, uilli Cinyras 'his I DN, and it sed med ob os reat antiquity. These a re ali the old temples of any siae in Syria

and amongst them is non e so large a that o Hierapolis, o so magnificent: non e here there is suci a Profusion os ornaments 1 many offerinos constanti made, or here the divinit is o immediately present; the statuesare frequently observed O Keat, o move about anxio de live oracles an dioud voices are osten heardi man when the temple is si ut p. illi re-gar to riches, of hicli I Was an ye-witness, it is undoubtedi therars in the wori great rea fures are brought into it froni Arabia, frona the Phoenicians Babylonians, an Cappadocians, frona the Cilicians also, and the Assyrians Usa a great quantit of ricli clothes hi in private paris of the temple, illi other things, qua in Value to the old an silver incit an dsor publicuites an festiva is, no Place pon artii has perhaps, o great an abundance of them. Whena nquire in to the antiquit of the place, and the wormip of the deity the tot me severa flori es, semel a public, other of a private nature, together illi man sabulous reporis, both Grecia an Barbarian, hi chri stat here relate, though I do no uouch sorthe truthis them. The common eopte se that the temple was ounded by Deucalion,

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Whicli the Greeks teli concerning this Deucalion is a sol lows the presentrace of men is no the fame a that hic li formeri inhabite the arth, hoaliperisti ed the generation no besore has ali prunifrona Deucalion, horenere ed mankind. Thola hoclive besore the deluge, ere, as histor; in-sorm us, proud and haughty, and committe alia kind of wichednes; theyneither adhere to theiriaths, nor ere hospitable to strangers, nor pared the suppliant an sor these hings a ea V judgmen canae pon them.

The carthisi a id den oured Orth great aters, the ain descended, theriversi elled the se roserio a prodigio us height; very thin was overedwith, ater, and ali man kin perimed. Deucalion alone a reserve torais et another race, o account of his piet an goodia est. He was avedin his manner: he hut v liis ives and child re in a large ark, and wenthimself into it; and a sinon a he was en tered, there came uni him boars, horses, tions serpents and very the creatur that laedeth po the arth,

ali in patrs, and e received them ali nor id the hvrt ach other, ut harmon and friendmip by the ' divine command prevalle amongst them and thus the ali stile together, in the fame rh, as On a the aters

Such is the stor whicli the Greeks teli concerning Deucalion. nothev facti a most extraordinar nature is relate by the eople o Hierapolis,

who et us, that he have there a large chasm, o ope ning, hici received

in any heat he writer, asci mo remarkabi corresponds'ith, and confirms, the Mosai hi, sory. The place of Lucian' nativit Was as the learne Bryant remarks a par of the woridwhere memorial of the deluge were particulari preserved, and Where a referende to that historyis continuali tote obse vexin the rite and Wors hi of the count his no lege, there re, was obtained rom the Asiatic nations among Whom he wa born, an no from his hinsmen the Helladians, ho ere far inferior in the no lege of ancient times. Bryant has collected avariet of ancient record of this event, to hichra refer the curious reader. See Bryant', Analysis, Vol. i. p. I , c. Audin is, O . . Agreeable o ha the scripture says The arth was corrupi besere God, and the arili a filled illi violence : and God looked pon the arth, and belloid itveus corrupi for ali fies haud corrupte his Way Pon the arth. V Genesis, chap. i. ver.

Di in comman . The ark, o chest, a Bryant observes, in hicli Noah an his family Nere secured, as fitch a mode and construction, a plaint indicat ed that it a neve designe tole manage or directed by the and of men an it seem to have been the purposeo Provide nce throughout to signis to thola inlio ere saved, as etllas to thei latest posteri ty, that thei preservation a not, in an degree, effectedi human means. Se the Analysis,

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ali the water of the deluge that Deucalion, at the time lieno his happened, uili altar an a temple to uno, clos to this chasm. The holeras ais is unde the temple, and a present, ut smalici hether it might for- meri have been larger, I anno se that hicli I a mewn is now very inconsiderable In confirmatio of this, the inhabitanis, Nice very year, bring ater frona the se into the temple this ta 1 is performed, o by the pri est only, uti ali the peopte in Syria an Arabia, an beyon the Euphrates, wh bring the water fio the ea, and pou i in to the temple, froni henderit fatis in to the ole, hic li akes in an amaZing quantit ofit this, the say, was a law of Deucalion's, institute by him to commemorate both the genera calami ty, and thei happy deliverance frona t. This is the ancient histor of the temple though ther assirm it was bullii Semiramis of Babylon, ho est bellindier man monuments of gran- deur an magnificence, hocis suppos exto have erected it no in honour ofJuno, but of heriwn mothe Dercete, a statue os inhon. sax myself in Phoenicia cit is a Woman down to the waist, an terminates rom hence in thet ait o a fissi: ut the figure of her, at Hierapolis, is a perfect oman.

Thei accounts of this matterrare ather obscure certain, o ever, it is, that the eople here look pon ficti as a thinis acred, and neve touch it, an more than pigeons, hich, for the fame re ason, they must no eat: these, the say, are orbidden, o account of Semiramis and Dercete, be- cause one bears the formi a fissa, the ther of a ove. The temple may,

ver probably, e the work of Semiramis; ut I cannot thin it a dedicate to Dercete, nor that the gyptians, ho abstain Domissa, do itinher account, ut have a disserent ea n forcit. There is, likeWise another sacred tradition, hicli Iaad rom a manifunder standing, ho informe me, that the god des Nas Rhea, and the temple bullii Attis, a Lydiani birth, and therars who institute religiousceremontes in honour of Rhea fro hi in the Phrygians, Lydians, and Samothracians, had ali heiranowlege. Frona the time hen he ruas castrat edb Rhea, he ut on emale apparet, an appea re fas a Woman, travelledove the worid, recounte his sufferings, an singi Rhea : at lengili hecam into Syria, and the eople beyond Euphrates refusing to admittim,

Disseretit. J What thi different reasen is plutarch insornis a. See his reatis o . sis and Osiris.

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or his rites, e bulli a temple here to thi goddes this is confirme byman circumstances. The statue of her is drawn by lions, illi a drum, an a tori er o her ead, a the Lydians always represent Rhea Thepi tests, he more ove observed, o no Castrate thenaseives in honour of Juno. buti Rhea, and in imitation o Attis These reas ning appeared plausibi to me, ut 3 no means satisfactor as I have ear a much more probabie cause assignessor the castration. The account give by the Greelis is, o me, the mos satisfactory that Juno is the goddess, and the temple the work of Bacchus, the soni Semele, vilio came frona Ethiopia into Syria : there are many things in the templewhicli confirm his opinion such a the apparet os severat barbarous nations Indian e velf, and the hornsi elephanis, hicli Bacchus brought frona Ethiopia there are, like Nise, in the porch two large Phalli, illithis inscriptio :

This, o me, is sufficient proof to hic licit may be ad ted that the Grecians atrua ys offer ut these Phalli to Bacchus, makin litile ooden men, callex' Neuros pastae, hicli they carr abolit there is ne of the fame hinclin the temple, ut madem brasse. Such are the traditions hichra et illi concerning the first undationos his temple, hich mali describe, tu in an account of iis sit uation, the materiais, the bullding of it, and by hom : sonae say the old structu reis longincessione to ruin, and that the temple, hicli e no see, is thewor o furit atonice, is of the Ling of Assyria, homae son in laru sellii love ith, and was dis overed by the ingenuit of his physici an Theyoung mana ad conceived a violent passio for her, and looking pon it qa crime, concea ted it Dona very body, and chene in silen ceci e madens lamentations, ut os his colour, an gre thinne and thinne every

Phalli. J The Phallus, or riapus, Was-but for a very good ea n I Will et it my

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day. When the physici an a 'im, he laint perceived that he labouredunder no distem per but ove, si guessed by his languid ye, pale complexion, tremblin Volce, melancholy, and many the in fallibi symptonas. Hau in discovere thus much, he laid his and pon the oung man 'sheari, and called ali the ou khol together, ho passe in revicis bes rehim, and whom heleheld with the ut mos tranciuili ty tili, at tengili, his

plaine the cause of all. He immediatet callei in his anxious ather : ς ou son ' di sorder say he aris es rom an injury received he has nopain or distemper, ut love and folly he glis for that hic licte an nevere sy; orae is salien in love illi, wise, hom I mali no pari rom. VI his the physicia Did, o purpos to tr him. et me intreat ou, cri e the ather, by our physicalano lege and Wisdom, domo suffer mychild to perissa it is no a illi crinae his distem per is in voluntaryci dono letoour ealous make a hole nation retched nor, hen it is in your powerrio cur him, sussc his deat licio bring ignomi ny and dis grace nyota profestion.' It is infamotas replied the physici an to make suci arequest, and o force me to it ould e the highest injur ho would ou, who destre his of me, aft yourself, i he was in ove Nith ouri 1 Nise V Q would not said e refuse her o him, to preserve his life the os of wife is by no means tot compare to that os a son.' When the physici an heard his, si me no more, cri et heri Whates old ou e fore was ali a fiction it is our iis hom he oat on. V-The ather, attength, convincedis this, iel de uidit his sola both his is and his Ling-dom, an retire diuimself to the eigh bourhood of Babylon, here hei uilla ity, called i aster his a me, and ted here Thus di this age hysici an disco ver the dis eas os love and cur il also. It is reporte of this Stratonice, that in her fir lius band 's time, uno appeare toler in a ream, command in heroo ui id a templerat Hierapolis, threaten in the with many readfui missor tune is ste iliould di beythe divine mandate : at sirst sh too no notice of the admonition ut be-ingio long after ei Zed illi a violent distem per me tot her ustand thedream, and appeased the wrath of the goddess, y promising to buit thetemple as Oon a sae recovered, me vas accor lingi sent by him to Hierapolis, and with her a large sum os money, and a numero us arm ho

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arrive d

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arrivexat Hierapolis the began the bui id in of the temple in hicli theywere employed during the pace of three ears in the mean time, that came to passi hic li Combabus ad se much reades Stratonice felici love withaim, conceiving a violent passion, hicli ros almoxio ad ne si Theinhabitants of Hierapolis attribute it to uno, ho inspired her illi iti in revenge for hera a vinis long deferre the ui id in of the temple Forsonae time me modesti concealedae inclination, ut the di sorde increa sed foras to deprive heri ali est andieae: sheighe and wept for is hole daystogether, ill a largili, nable an longe to hi de me resolvet to take thefirst opportunit os discoveriniit olim me couldio disclo it to another,

and et manae revented her acknowleginiit to Combabus the occur-ed orae that the reedom os a public anquet, here in inspires boldaness, and every thiniis attribute to the festivat, might lea her excuse. She provide line there re, an aster supper came in to the chamber herehe laid, fel on hera nees, and opent avowed her passon for imQ ut hetreated he with coldnesse an dissia in and even to id her sicli indecent arm thmust have proceeded irona intemperance he thenare indignant, and threatene to punish him severet for his indifferen ce this o alar med and terri sed him, that he at once tot her the whole truth of the matter, and

whata ad Jappene1 4 him hen he had eard his melanchol tale, whicli si socii ille expected her age subside ici ut love stili rema ined, and

si continue to admire, and aee compan with him. di is rema rhablethat a passion of this kin stili subsist at Hierapolis; the omen a re fond of the pri ests, and the pri est ' ad after the omen ; obod enteria in any jealous on the account, anxit is looked pon amongst them as a Lind of religiolis Phren Zy. The Ling, oKever, a seon acqua in ted illi the familiarit between hisinis and Combabus, and there re though the Aork was stili un finisaed, sent for him home. A repori prevalled, ut a Ver improbable ne, that Stratonice, ori ein repulsed, ad rit ten to her humand accusing Com. babus os an attem p to debauch her. The Assyrians attributinxto e thes a me conduin hicli, according to the Grecians, Phaedra an Sthenobaea were gulit of though I cannot for my Nn part belle verilia Sthenobaea, o Phaedra, is me reatly love Hippolytus, ver bellaved in that manner: be that ho Neve ins it may, hen the memen ger came to Hierapolis, for

Mad, Vo. One Nould hin Lucian was here describing a modern university.

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Combabus, he de parted illi confiden e nil securi ty, as etl nowin heli ad at home a lassicient testimon in his favo ur oner ache return-ed than the Lin immediat et D committe him o prison and a litile asterbrought ima a public triat, e re many of thos friend who ere presentie fore hen he was sent abroad He accused hi in pent of adultery,

with great warnati, reproachin him sor reach of aith an friendmip inthus defit in his bed, and the mos flagrant impiet oKard the goddest, in committi nisu cli a crime hiis employed sic immedia tely in her service. Many witia esses appeare against hina, sonae affirming that hest 'ad seen

lasset that de ath hic hie ad so bight y deserve l. Combabusi ad hi therio

formi cerem ony, and even into private chamber hen the queen is within.' Thea in spake, and it a done sae command eda the accusers were executed magnificent presenta ere heape o the salsely accused: