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WHEREAS there Was this day read at the Board, me humble memorial of Sir Luc As ΡΕPYs, Baronet, Physician to His Majesty, and President of the College or Common alty of the Faculty of Physic in London, set ting forin, that the salo President and College have, With great care, pains, and industry, revi sed, corrected, and reformed a book by them formerly publi hed, intitui ediharmacopoeia Collegii Regalis Medicorum Londinensis, prescribing and directing the manner of preparing ali foris of medicines therein contained, together Witti me true meighis and me ures by which they ought to he made:which book is noW perfected and ready to be published, and, it is conceived, will contribute to the public good of His injesty's Subjecis, by preventing HI decetis, dimerences, and uncertainties in mahing or compounding of medicines. is, for the future, the manner and form proscribed therein should be practised by Apothecaries and others in their compositions os medicines: The Memorialist the refore most humbly prays, that His Μ est y will be graci ouslypleased to en force me observance thereos in such manner as to His Majestyshali seem meel:-His Majesty this day took the said memorial into HisHoyal Consideration, and being deSirous to provide in ali cases for the common good of his people, and being persuaded that the est lishing the g nerat use of the said book may tene to the prevention of such decetis in themahing and compounding of medicines, wherein the lives and health of His Majesty's Subjecis are so hight y concerned, hath theresore thought fit, is and with the advice of His Privy Councit, hereby to noti to ali Apothecaries and others concerned, to the intent they may not pretene ignorancethereos, that the said book, callel Pharmacopoeia Collegii Regalis Medicorum Londine sis, is persected and ready to be publishedi and His Majesty dottitheresore strictly require, charge and command ali and singular Apothecari and others, Whose business it is to compound medicines, or distit olis or maters, or malie other extracta, Within any part of His Majesty's kingdom of Great Britain called singland, dominion os males, or town of Be ick-upon- eed, that they, and every of them, immediately after the said Pharmacopoeia Collegii Regalis Medicorum Londinensis stiali be printed and published, do notcompound or mahe any medicine or medicinal receipi or prescription, or disti l any oil or Walers, or malae other extracis that are or shali be in the said Pharmacopoeia Collegii Regalis Medicorum Londinensis mentioned or named, in any other manner or form than is or Shail be directed, prescribed, and set down in the said book, and according to the weighis and measures that a re orshali be therein limited, except it shali be by the Uectat direction or prescri P tion of some learncd Ρhysici an in that bellat L And His Majesty doth herebydeclare, that the offenders to the contrary shali not only in cur His MajeSty', just displeasure, but be proceeded against for such their contempt and offences, accordiris to the ulmost severi ty of law.
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rience to be useful attendants upon former editions of the London Pharmacopoeia, both forthe pui pose of facilitating and extending an acquaintance With iis processes, and of Conveying additional information Upon many potnis Whicli are nut considered in the brevi ty of the original Work. Tuat of the year I 2 5 Wasthus given to the public by Dr. Pemberton, that of 1787 by Dr. IIcalde, and the sanctionos the President and Commitice has delegate iste present edition to me. I pui pose, there fore, as a preface to this part of the Work, tostate the method employed by the College in
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PREFACE. compiling it, the generat alterations whicli ithas been judged propur to malle, and to explain the additionat matter Whicli I have introducedunder the forna of Notes. The sit si Pharni acopoeia, Whicli is recordedio have received the stam p of any publicaut horit3 , Was that of Valerius Cordus, SauCtioned by the senate of Nuremberg in I 542; Since Whicli time, on account of the facilities and ad vantages they astorii in the practice of medicine, they have heen large ly multiplied in ali the countries of Europe. The Charteros Henry VIII. Whicli sit si incorporaled the London College of Ρhysicians, bears date in I 5l9, and they published their frst Pharmacopoeia in I 6I8. Since that period various revisions have taken place in the foliori ingyears' - 16l8, - 1627, - I632, - 1639, -
Edimus jam secundo partu, secundo magis eventu, Pharmacopoeiam Londinensem. Nos inquam) edimus, nam priorem illam informem, deformem, festinans typographus dicemus edidit λ immo verius protrusit in lucem. Sicut caloris cestuans jecur, Crudum adhuc alimentum avida quadam fame rapit a ventriculo : sic ille e manibus nostris hoc opusculum adhuc impolitum surripuit, inconsulto, immo tunc
absente Praeside et procul ab urbe avocato, qui illi limando, poliendoque potissimum invigilavit. Qui post reditum indigne serens illud tot mendis & erroribus conspurcatum, tot detrunis
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u hicli pharmacy has been successively im pro 'ed, and accommodated to the progressios science. Nor Will those who contemplate thevast in crease of our knowledge in praetical medicine, chemistry, and botany, with in the lasti venty years, thin k the College to have been hasty in determining upon another reviSion atthe present period. Nei ther pharmaCy, norany other branch of human knowledge, Can rema in Statio nary, Or, perhaps, eVer be eXpectedio attain perfection; this editiora, the refore, like iis predecessors, must hereas ter gi Ue Wayin iis turn, although the College have hoped, that, by associat ing it more inith generat science, the Changes, Whicli time iniit reniter ne-CeSSary, may have a Chance of being less mari edand violent, than those Whi Ch the present anillast editions have see med to require. The College determine i upon the present vork at the Comitia majora on September 30,l805, and delegated the prosecution os it toan open committee of the Fello I S, Who commen Ced their mee tings in January l806, and
catis et deperditis membris mutilum et mancum, in publicum prorepsisse, Convocatis ad se Collegis, totum opus qua potui diligentia ad incudem denuo revocavit; secundamque editionem maturavit: quae nunc demum in lucem prodit a mendis purior, remediis locupletior: quae et faelicior est futura, si illam candor tuus et frons benigna cohonestent. Dec. 7, l6l S.
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PREFACE. have proce edia regularly, With intervals duiueing three of the summer monilis, to the present timo, in the folio ing ordei . Considering the Pharmacopoeia os l787 in the fit si place, they vere desii ous of obtaining the opinions of the profession at large, as weli as of the individuals Who attended the committee,
sary therein, in order that they might have the most generat anil comprehensive vie v of the subject in discussion ; and for this pur- pose they state i their intention to every member of the College, and to the Royal College of Surgeons, and Societ y of Apothecaries, and caused it to be generat ly understo od thatthey should be glad to receive suggestions si omother individuals, practi Cally Conversant Withthe subjeci. In Consequence of these requests, they dida cord ingly receive numero us CommunicationS, Which were arran ged and considered under their proper head s. Their nexi care Was to establislicertain generat principies, and then to considerand discuss the whole Pharmacopoeia, arti cleby articie, With ait the adventilious aliis theirown industry and knowledge, and the Suggestions os others, could supply. Nor did they, in their progress, OVerlook, but, on the Contrary, derived great assistance frona the recent
Pharmacopoeiae, edited by the Colleges of Edin-
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PREFACE.burgh and Dublin. They also established, ash ad been done in a former instanCe, a most important intercoui se With the Society of Apothecaries, who appotia ted a Committee for the pur- pose of co-operat ing With the College, in theuse of their extensive laboratory, and in bringingto the test of that sori os experiment upon alarge scale, Whicli Could alone reniter the suggestions os science practi catly usefui, the severat processes Whi Ch vere communicated by the College. As ter having made Variolis alterations, the Committee went a seconii time through thewhole, under What appeared to them to he amore Convenient anil scienti sic mode of ar-rangement, than that of the editions of 1787aud l745, and then printed a Specimen, Containing the result of their en quiries. This Wascirculatod at the end of April, I 808, among their o vn members, and Others Who had et ther interes ted theniselves in the fui therance of the Work, oi vere thought Weli qualisied to give an opinion ut On it, and was made public in every possibie Way, With a re quest that the co- pies thus distributed With any rem artis there
and there was also reason to compla in that
sonae copies had got into improper han is, for
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Colluge, and re turn their copies, had examin edthe contenis With that geat for the ad Vance-ment of their profession Whicli it was the wishof the commutee to excite, and the annotations Uere Consequently both numero iis and valvabie. To arrange, eXamine, digest, and determine u pon these rem artis, Seemed to require the fixed attentiori os a si alter number than
had usu atly composed the generat Committee. This part of the work 3vas thure fore delegaledio a Sub-Committe e of four of the Fellows, Who vere authori Zed to prepare a se conii Specimen,
vitii suci, alterations of the former as might besuggested by the subjeci itSelf, considereti as a
Whole, as Weli as by the observations ix 4 ichii ad been received. This specimen avas submit- ted to, and approved by, the generat Commit- tee, and Circulate i among the Fello us resident in London only, the Committie again request-ing the specimens to be returned, and again delegat ing to the former sub Committoe thetas k of examining Such remari S as might beonered. The Committoe made their sinat re
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PREFACE.. VIIand the Pharmacopoeia ordei ed to be published. The stipei intendance of the publication Wascommitted to the President, Treas urer, and Duros the Fellows, and the work is noW besore thepublic. The objects of a Pharmacopoeia Seem to be, to direct What simple medicinal substances ought to be found in the si ops of Apothecaries,
and to describe suci, preparations or CompOSi-tions of these, as cannot be made Mithout time, b et a re osten Wanted for immediate use, an lthe refore ought to be kept in read iness. Thelat ter division will of course require, that thearticles directed should not undergo any changeor alteration in their composition, is kept for areasonable tength of time; but there is stillathird class of preparations, Which belongS ra-ther to extemporaneolis prescription, and whichrequire to be made at the time, and on the occasion for 3; hi Ch they are Wanted. The introductiori of these into a Pharmacopoeia is per- 'mitted rather as matter os convenien e than
ali, hecause no bouia is Caia be set to the numberos articles a Pharmacopoeia ought to contain, i fit be once allo ed to encroach upon the bu Si-ΠeSS Os extemporaneolis prescription ; for thesei mulae used in this Way at disterent perioris,
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viii PREFACE.and by disserent individuals, have varied extrem ely accordiu g to the fashion of the Jay, and multiplied almost to infinity. Their introduction, however, to a Certain extent is sanCtione d by use: it facilitates very considerablythe bus iness of preseris,lion, it fixes also a certain standarit os proportion whicli is convenient in professional interco urse, and it has, for thesere asons, been rather extended than abridged in the present Pharmacopolin.
Although it has been the long est ablis hedpractice tapon the continent for different Pharmacopoeiae to be compiled by different univem sities, and aut hori sed with in the jurisdiction ofalmost every different state ; although the fame practice has prevalled in these hingdonas, and ille Colleges of Physicians of London, Dublin, and Edilaburgh, have each issued Pharmacopoeiae for the use of their respective Lingdonas, the two former of which have been en forced by Royal Proclamations; 3 et in the interco ui se anilunion which now subsisis belween these hing- donas, it is to be lamented that one generat Pharmacopoeia Britannica is not established, One Common dictionary, to Mnaicli praetitionei sthroes glio ut the whole empire might uniform lyrefer With confiden ce, and without the chance of mistake ei ther in the nam e of an article orthe mode of iis preparation. In the execution