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tille os Faller has Count1 3. It was sent to him fit st at Antium, by a deputation froni the commonalty ; and upoli his declining the honor, they repea ted their offer in a fulltheatre, with laurei Cro vias on their head s. The Senates Oon after adopted the proposset, not in the way of aCclamation or decree, but by commission to M. Messala, whomas ordei ed to compliment hi in With it, as he ac ordingly
The Senate was instituted by Romulus, to be the perpetuat councit of the Republic. Ιt consisted at first os aliundred members, who were called Patres, i. e. Fathers, cither Upon account of their age, or their paternal Care of the state. The number received seme augmentation under Tullus Hostilius; and Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth king of Rome, ad ded a hundred more, Who were called Patres miriorum gentium I those created by Romulus being distinguisied by the name of Patres majorum gentium. Such as M ere Chosen into the Senate by Brutus, after the eXpulsion os Tarquinthe Proud, to supply the place of thola whom that Ling had flain, Were called Conscripti, i. e. persons written or en rolled with the old Senators, who alone were properly styled Patres. Ηence aros e the custom os summoning to the Senatethos e who were Patres, and thos e who were Conscripsi ; and hence also was applied to the Senators in generat the designation os Patres Conscripsi, the particie et, and , being underctood lo connech the two classes of Senators. In the time of
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beg of the immortal Gods, but the continuance of thisyour affection lor me to the las: moments of my life 8 VLIX. To the physici an Antonius Musa, who h ad cured hi in os a darigerous illia ess, they, by Common Contribution, erected a statue near that of AEsculapius. Some persons ordered in their wilis, that their heirs mould carryvidi inas into the Capitol, with a scroti bes ore them, eX- pressing that they were to be offered for the completionos a vo , made by the tellators, Because they had test Augustus bdhind them in the worid. '' Some cities of Italy appotnted the day upon which he first came tothem, to be sor ever aster the sit si ilay of their year. Andmost of the provinces, besides temples and altars erectedio his honor, institu ted games, to be celebrated, in almost every town, for the fame pui pose, eVery sive years. LX. The Lings his friends and allies, each of them in their respective hingdonas, bulli cities under the na me of Caesarea ; and ali by consent resolved to finisti, at their Common Charge, a temple of Jupiter Olympius, Wrhichii ad been bes via at Athens a long time besere, and Consecrate it to his Genius. They would osten likcwise leavetheir hingdonas, and laying asside the badges of their royaldigni ty, in a Roman di esse, attend and pay their respedisto him dativ, in the marmer os clienis to their patrons, notonly when he was at Rome, but as he was travellingthrough their proVinceS. Iulius Caesar, the number of Senators was en creased to nine hundred, and after his death to a thousan d; many worthlesspersons having been admitted in to the Senate during the civit wars. Augustus asterwards reduced the number to si x hundred.
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LXI. Having thus given an account of his belliavio urin his ossices both civit and military, and his conduet in the govertament of the empire, both in peace and war; Ιshali now delineate his private and domestic lise, his bellavio ur at home amongst his si iends and dependenis, and the fortune attending him in those scenes of reti rement,from his youth to the da y of his death. He lost his mo-ther in his fit st Consuluit p, and his sister Octavia whenhe was in the fifty- urth year of his age. He heliauedtowards them both with the ulmost k in iness whilst living, and after their decease paid the highest honors to their
LXII. He was contradi ed wheia very young to thedaughter of Publius Servilius Isauricus ; but upon his reconciliation with Antony after their sit Ist rupture, thearmies on both ssides insisting upon a closer alli ance bymarriage belwixi them, he espoused Antony's step-daughter Claudia, the daughter of Fulvia by Publius Claudius, though at that time scarcely marriageable; andupon a dissere iace arising with his mollier-in a w Fulvia, he divorced her uiatouched, and a pure virgin . Soon asterhe took to wise Scribonia, who h ad bes ore been twice married to men os Consular rank, and was a mollier by one of them. With her like ise he parted, being qui te tire t oui, as he himself writes, with the perversen esse of her temper; and immediately took Li via Drusilla, thoughthen pregnant, si om her humand Tiberius Nero; forWhom he ever after maintained the most tender assection.
LXIIL He had his daughter Iulia by Scribonia, but noehildren by Livia, though extremely destro his of issue. She inde d conceived once, but miscari ted. He dispos edos his daughter Julia fit st to Marcellus his sister's son,
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who had just completed his minority; and, after his dea thito M. Agrippa, having prevalled with his sister to resigniter son-in-law to him ; for at that time Agrippa wa married to one of the Marcellas, and had likewise had children by her. His new son-in-law being also dead, hesor a long time thought of severat matches for Julia in the Equestrian Order, and at last resolved iapon choosuagfor her Tiberius his step-son, whom he tberes ore obligento part with his wise, at that time pregnant, and who hadalready brought him a child. M. Antony ites, That he sirst contracted Julia to his son, afterwariis to Cotiso hing of the Getae, demanding at the fame time the Ling's daughter in marriage for himself.'
LXIV. He had three grandsons by Agrippa and Julia,
Caius, Lucius, and Agrippa ; and two grand-da Ughters, Julia apd Agrippina. Julia he married to Lucius Paullus, the Censor's son, and Agrippina to Germanicus his sister's grandson. Caius and Lucius he adopted at home, by the Ceremony of purchase Dom their fallier; adu anceditiem, Whilst yet but very young, to posts in the governinent; and after he had procured them to be chos en Consuis, sent them upon a tour through the provinces of the empire, and the severat armies. In the bree ling of his davgliter and grand-daughters, he accusto med them todo mellic employmenis, and obliged them to speah and
isom ali converse with strangers, that he orace vrote Riciter to Lucius Vinicius, a liand me Foung man Os a
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and he labored nolliing more than to persedi them in theimitation of his hanJ-writing. He never supped but he had them si iting at the s ot of his bed: nor ever travelled but with them in a chariot before hina, or riding beside
LXV. But in the naidst of ali his ioy and eXpectations of happinesse in his children, froni the care he took in their education, his fortune falled hi m. The two Julias, his davgliter and grand-daughter, proceeded to such aheight of te diae se and dehauchery, that he banished them both. Caius and Lucius he lost within the space of eighteen monilis; the sol mer dying in Lycia, and thelalter at Mars illes. His third grand n Agrippa, milli his step-son Tiberius, he adopted in the Forum, by a la passed for the pui pose by the Curiae ν ; but he soon afterreno unc ed Agrippa for his rude and insolent temper, and Confined hi in at Surrentum. He bore the, death of his relations with more patience than their scandalous be-havi OUr : for he was not much concerned at the losse of Caius and Lucius; but his missortune with respect to hisdaughter, he set forth bc fore the Senate in a narrative read to them by the Quaestor ; and was so much asma med of her infamous helia vi bur, that he for a long time declined ali company, and had thoughts of putting her todeath. It is certain, that when one Phoebe, a Deed-Woman and Confident of hers, hanged herseis abo ut the
The Curiae were public assemblies of the people. Romulus divided the people of Rome in to three tribes; and eachiribe into ten Curiae. The number of tribes was after ardSen creassed by degrees to thirty-five ; but that of the Curiin al-Ways remained the fame.
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of Phoebe raster than of Julia. V In her hanishment, hewould not allow her the use of wine nor any thing offinery; nor mould he suster her to be waited upon byany male servant, either heem an or flave, without his permission, and a particular information in respect of his age, stature, Compleueton, and what marks or scars he hadabout hi m. At the end of five years he removed her fromine isand of her confinement to the Continent, and pe mitted her a litile beller treaiment, hut could never be pre- valled with to recali her. Upon the Roman people's interposing with him in her bellais severat times, and using much importunity, heia id to them in a speech uponthe occasion, I sh ye had ali such daughters and wives as sme is. V He lihewise sorbid a child, of whicli his grand-daughter Julia was delivered aster sentence had passed against her, to be ei ther owned as a relation, orbrought up. Agrippa, Who was equalty intractabie, and hecam e more dis orderly every day, he transported into ani sanit, anq placed a guard of soldiers iapon him ; procuring at the same time an adt of the Senate for his confinement there during life . Upon any mention of him
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CAESAR AUGUSTUS. IS 3were os a veniat Lind. For amongii ali his si tenes, wes carcely find any who feli into disgrace mith him, excepi Salvidienus Rufus, whom he raised to the Consulmip, and Cornelius Gallus whom he made governor of Egypt, both of them men of the lowest eYtraction. One of these, being engaged in a design to eXCite a rebellion, he delivered up to the Senate, that he might he Condemned ; and the other, on account of his ungrate fui and
malici ous temper, he disinissed frona his family and the
provinces Under his gOVerninent. But when Gallus, hythe threats of his accusers, and the voles of the Senate against him, was driven to the desperate extremity of laying violent haniis iapon himself; he commended in deed the attachment of the Senate, that had expreised somuch resentinent on his account, but he naed te ars, and
figure in their severat orders, both in power and estate,notruitiis aniling sonae occasionat incidents of a dis agree- able nature. For, to say nothing of others, he would semetimes compla in os impatience in Agrippa, and of loqua City in Mecaenas : the former, frona a suspicionos a cool nesse in Augustus to wariis him, and because Marcellus received greater martis of favor, havingwithdrawn himself frona ali concern in the govertamen
and reti red to Mitylene ; and the lalter having confidentialty imparted to his wi se Terentia the discovery of Muraena's conspiracy. He likewise eXpected frona his frien is, both living and dying, a mutuat proos of their
benevolence. For though he was far froni covet ing their
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him, expressed in their milis, mitti an anxious attention: Dot being able to conceat his chagrin, is they made but asiit, or no very honorabie mention of him, nor hisjoy on the other hand, is they expressed a grateful sense of his favors, and a hearly affection for him. And what was test him by suci, as had children, he used to res orexo the lalter, cither immediately, or is they were underage, upon the day of their assuming the manly habit, or of their marriage, with interes . LXVIL As a patron and master, his bellaviour in generat was mild and . concilia ting; but when occasionrequired it, he could be severe. He employed many of his freedmen in considerable posis about him, as Licinius, Enceladus, and others. And when his save Cosmus had reflected bitterly upon him, he resented the injury no se ther than by putting him in fellers. When his steward Diomedes, as they were Walhing together, test him eYposed to a wild boar, whicli came suddenly upon them, he Chose rather to charge him mitti cowardice than any ill desigra, and turned an incident of no sinali hazard tollis person irato a jest, because it had proce eded stom no
vorites amongsst ali his freedmen, he put to death, formaintaining a criminal commerce with other meti'swives. He brohe the legs of his secretary Thallus, fortaking a bribe of five hundred denarii to discover the contents of a letter of his. And his son Caius's tutor, and Other attendanis, hipon the occasion of his sichness and death, bellaving with great insolence, and committing acts of rapaciousnest, he tied great weighis about their necks,
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various aspersions. Sextus Pompey reproached him as an
effeminate sello ; and M. Antony, that he had earned his adoption froni his uncte by prostitution. L. Antony like se ui bratiis him with the sanae ; and that he had, for a gratification of three hundred thous and sesterces, submitte i io A. Hirtius in the fame way, in Spain; adding, that he used to finge his legs with the fame os nut-shelis, to mahe the hair become soster. Nay, the body of the people, at sonae public diversions in thetheatre, when the folio ing sentence was recited, alludingio a priesi of the Mother of the Gods beating a drum,
Videsne ut cinaedus orbem digito temperet 8See lio, the calamite his orb commands l
in excuse for it, that he engaged in those intrigues notfrona lewdnesse but poli cy, to discover more easty the de- sigris of his enemies by their Mves. M. Antony, be-sides the precipitate marriage of Livia, charges hi in Withtaking frona the table the wisse of a man os Consular rank, iii me pre iace of her lius baiad, into a hed-chamber, and bringing her again to the entertainmeiat, with her eaIS
Complete eXamination of their persons, in the fame man-ner as is Thoranius the dealer in saves h ad them underiale. Anil bes ore they came to an open rupture, he
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mOUS vers CS. Cum primum istorum conduxit mensa choragum,Sexque deos vidit Mallia, sexque deas: Impia dum Phoebi Caesar mendacia ludit,
Dum nova divorum coenat adulteria: Omnia se a terris tunc numina declinarunt:
Fugit et auratos Iupiter ipse thronos. When Μallia late beheld, in molley train, Twelve mortals ape twelve deities in vain ;When Caesar se ig'd what was Apollo's due, And implous robb'ry rag'd throughout the crew ;At the foui figlit the Gods avert their eyeS, And from his throne great Iove indignant files.
What rendered this supper more obnoxious to publiccensure, Was, that it happened at a time when there Wasa great scarcity, and almost a famine in the city. Tlie lay aster, a complaint mas current amongst the peopla, that