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TIBERIUS NERO CAESAR. 277people, and members of the councit of state, being seized, he imprisoned them for tis e. He abolismed every where me privileges of ali places of refuge. The Cyziceniam,
for an outrage committe I upon seme Romans, he de-
prived of the liberty they had obtained for their good
services in the Mithridatic war. Disturbances stomforeign enemies he quelled by his lieuienanis, without ever going against them in persen. Nor would he evenemploy his lie utenanis, but with much reluctance, and
when an interposition was necessary. Princes Who were
ill affected towards him, he hept in subjection, more bymenaces and complainis, than by the force of arms. And some that he inducta to come to him by seir wordsand promises, he never would permit to return home ; asMaraboduus the German, Thrascypolis the Thracian, and Archelaus the Cappadocian, whose hingdom he likevise reduced into the form os a province. XXXVIII. He never set ot out of the gales of Rome, for two years together, froni the time he assumed the supreme power ; and aster that period, ment no farther Dom the city than to me of the neighbouring towns ;his farthest excursion heing to Antium, and that butvery seldom, and sor a few days, though he osten gaveout that he would visit the provinces and armies, End made preparations for it almost every year, by taking DP Carria ges, and ordering provisions for his retinue in thamunicipia and colonies. At last he suffered vows to beput up for his good journey and sala return, iiii muchthat he was called iocosely by the nanae of Callipides, Who is famous in a Grecian proverb, for being in agreat hiarry to go forward, but wiuaout ever adu ancinga cubit
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XXXIX. But aster the lose of his two sons, of whom Germanicus died in Syria, and Drusus at Rome, he with-drew into Campania ; at whicli time, the opinion and report likewise were almost generat, that he never Would return, and would die soon. Both the opinion and repori had like to have been triae. For indeed he nevermore came to Rome; and a few days after, as he wasat a seat of his called the Cave, near Terracina, there happened to fati a great many huge stones, which hilled severat of the guests and attendanis: but he unexpedi edires caped. XL. Aster he had gone round Campania, and dedicated a Capitol at Capua, and a temple to Augustus at Nola, which he made the pretexi of his j ourney, he re
of twenty thous and persons, at a public diversion of gladiators, had been hilled by the fali of the amphitheatre, hepassed over again to the continent, and gave ali peopte free accesse to him ; so much the more, because, at his departurelio in the city, he had by proclamation forbid any one todisturb him, and declined ali company upon the road. XLI. Returning to the is and, he so far laid aside allCare of the government, that lae never filled up the decuriae of the knighis, never changed any military Tri
vinces, and hept Spa in and Syria for severat years with-put any Consulax lieuienanis. He likewi se sustered Ammenia
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ans and Sarmatians, and Saul to be ravaged by the Germans, to the great dis grace, and uo tesse danger of the
XLII. But having now the advantage os privaCy, and being remote Dom the observation of the people of Rome, he abandoned himself to ali the vici ous propensities, whicli 'he had long but impersedily concealed : and of whicli Issa ali here give a particular account froin the beginning. While a young soldier in the camp, he was so remarhablefor his excessive inclination to wine, that, for Tiberius, they called him Liberius : sor Gaudius, Caldaus ; and for ro Mero. And after he came to the empire, and hadupon him the charge of reforming fae public manners, hespent a whole night and two days together in feasting and drinhing with Pomponius Flaccus, and L. Piso, to oneos whom he immediately gave the province of Syria, and to the other the Praefecture of the city ; declaring them, in his patenis, to be very pleas ant Companions, and al-ways agreeable ' He made an appotntinent to sup with Sestius Gallus, a lewd prodigal old fello , who had beendis graced by Augustus, and reprimanded by himself but a few days be re in the Senate-house; upon condition that he mouid not recede in the least froni his usual method ofentertain ment, and that they should be attended at table by naked giris. He preferred a very obscure candidate for the Quaestors his, before the most nobie competitors,
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with two hundred thousand sesterces, for writing a dia logue, in the way os dispute, hetwixi the mussiroom and the fig-pecher, the oyster and the thrussi. Ηe likewisa institu ted a new ossice for the adu ancement of his plea- lares, into which he put Titus Caesonius Priscus, a Romanknight. XLIII. In his recess at Capreae, he contrived an a part ment for the practice of abominabie lewdnesi ; where hoenteria ined companies of giris and calamites, and the devisers of a monstrous hind of copulation, whom he called intrat, that defited one another in his presence, to infame by the sight the languid appetite. He had severat chambers set round with pies ures and statues in the mosi; lascivio us altitudes, and furni1hed with the books of Elephantis ; that none might want a patiern for the eXeCUtion. of any lewd project that was prescribed hi m. He likemisse Contrived in woods and gi oves recesses for the lihelusi fui gratifications ; where young persons os both seXes prostituted themscives in caves and hollow rochs, in the dis uise of Pans and Nymphs So that he was Openlyand commonly called, in allusion to the nante of the ictandi
XLIV. But he was stili more in amous, is possibie, sor
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- - φ . When a i iecure, eXecuted by the liand of Parrhasius, in whicli the artist had represented Atalanta as adting a mos unnatural piece of obsequious nesse to Meleager, was test him for a legacy, Wriththis proviso, that is he did not like the picture, he iniit receive in lieu of it a million os sesterces, he not onlygave preseretice to the former, but hung it up in hisbed-chamber. He is reported, lihewise, orace at a sacrifice, to have been se captivated with the face of a youthattending with a censer, that, bes ore the service was wellover, he took him asside and abused him; as also a brother of his that played at the sacrifice upon the fute; and seon after broke the legs of both of them, for upbratilingone another With their si1ame. XLV. How much he was guilty of abusing, in a mos UnnatUrat way, women, and thos e too of the firsi quali ty, appeared very plainly by the death of one Mallonia, Maona, Ming brought to his bed, but resolutely refusing to complywith his lust, he dclivered up to the common praetitionei Sin the businest os information. When ste was upon hertriat, he frequently called out to her, and askedher, Doyou repent λ' ' untii siae, quitiing the CCuri, went home, and stabbed herseis; openly upbrai ling the vile old lechersor his abominabie practice. Heiace an allusion to him in
a farce, which was adled at the nexi public sporis, was re-Ceived with great applause, and became a common topicos ridicule. .
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per, that he ne ver allowed to those who attended him. in his traveis or eXpeditions, any wages, but their diei only. He gave them Once indeed, and but ouce, an instance of
generosity, at the instigation of his step-father ; when dividing them into three dis indi classes, according to their quali ty, he gave the sirst si X, the second laur, andi thothird two hundred thousand sesterces, which last clast hecalled by the name, not of frientis, but Gree s. XLVII. During the whole time of his govertament, henever erected any noble edifice; for What alone os thathind he did underlahe, as the temple of Augustus, and therebuit ling of Pompey's Theatre, . test at las , after many years, unfinistaed. Nor did he ever enteria in the peoplewith public sporis and diversions ; and was seldom presentat those which were given by others, test any ining of that hind stlould be requested of him ; especialty aster hemas obliged to manumise the comedian Aetius. Havingrelieved the poverty of a few Senators, that he might notdo the fame for many more of them, he declared, heshould sor the future rei leve none, but lacti as gave the house fuit satisfaction with regarii to the cause of their necessi ty. Upon this, most of the nee ly Senators, froni modesty and uname, declined troubling him. Amongst
these was Hortalus, grandson to the celebrated orator Hortensius, who, at the persuasion of Augustus, hadvrought up four children iapon a very smali estate.
XLVIII. He displayed only two inflances of his pultatic bounty. One was an offer to lend gratis for three years a hundred millioris of sesterces to such as wanted toborrow; and the other, when sonae large hous es being buriatdown upon mount Coelius, he indemnified the o ners. Tothe former of these he was obliged by the clamors of the
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people, in a great scarcity of money ; when an.aEt of the Senate, passed upon a motion of his, to oblige ali usu-rers to lay out two thirils of their money in lanii, and thedebtors to pay in.the like proportiora of their debis, Wasfound iniussicient to remedy the grievance. The other hedid to quali sy in sonae degree the severi ty of his go vern-ment. The benefaction to the sufferers by fire, he estimates at so high a rate, that he ordei ed molant Coelius tobe called for the future Augustus. To the soldiery, after
his do ubi ing to them the legacy lest by Augustus, heneVer gave any thing, eXcepi a thous and denarii a manto the guards, for not joining the party of Sejanus ; and sonae presenis to the legions in Syria, because they alone had not wors hipped the essigies of Sejanus amongst their standards. He very seldom.would dis charge the veteransoldiers, in hopes of saving, by their dying in the services hich fro in their age there was a prospect of happening Don), the praemium s which would have been due
inces by any adi os generosi ty, eXcepting Asia, Where sonae cities had been destroyed by an earlhquake. XLIX. In a litile time his disposition bi oke sortii into
pen rapine. It is certain that Cn. Lentulus the Augur, a maia of vast e state, was so terrified and leaged by his threais and importunities, that he was obliged to leavehi in his heir ; and that Lepida, a Iady of a very noble family, was condemned by him, to gratiij Quirinus, a manos Consular rank, extremely ricli and chil illessi, who had divorced her twenty years be re, and then charged hermitti an old design to polson him. Severat persons, like-wise, of the first dis inction in Gaul, Spain, Syria, and Greece, had their es ales confiscaled upon such despicablytrining and shamelest preteiaces, that against seme of them
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L. Ηe first discovered a liatred towariis his relations in the case of his brother Drusus, by producing a letter in .hich he Drusus) made a propolat to him, to oblige Augustiis by force to restore the public liberty. Soon after, he betrayed the fame disposition with regard to therest of his family. So far was he from sbowing any civility or hindnest to his vitis, who h ad been bani thed,
and by the oriter of her fallier confined to orae town, thathe forbid her to stir out of the house, or Converse With any Company. He even deprived her of the property al-Iowed her by her fallier, and of her yearly incoine, underpreteiace of law; because Augustus had not secured themto her in his witI. Being weary of his mollier Livia, asClaiming an equat mare of the govertament with him, he frequently declined seeing her, as also ali long and private Conferences with her, test ii siould be thought that he wasgoverned by her counkl, which yet he sonaetimes m ant-ed, and like ise made use of Ηe was much offended atine Senate, when they proposed to adit to his other tities that of the son of Livia, as Heli as Augustus. On whicli account, he suffered her not to be called the Parent of her
Country, nor to receive any extraordinary honor si omthe public. Nay he frequently admonismed her not to
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the appotniment had been extorted frona hi in by his mo-ther.' Livia, eni aged at this procedure, produced semeletters from Augustus to her, relative to the so urnesi and insolence of his temper, and read them. So much was heoffended at these letters having been hept so long, and no produced with so much bitternes s against him, that s me consider this incident as the principat occasion of his retii ing. During the whole three years sae lived after, helaw her but orace, and that for a se hours only. Whensie feli sicli, which happened in a stiori time subsequentio the intervie , he would not visit her; and when ille was dead, he kept those about her so long in expectationos his coming, that the body was become putrefied besore the interment; and he then sorbid her to he en rolle lamongst the Gods, pretending her own order to that pur- posse. He like ise abrogated her will, and in a s ori timerui ned ali her si iends and acquaintance; not sparing thoseto whom, on her dea th-bed, stae had recommended thecare of her funerat, condem ning one of them, a man OfEquestri an rank, to the drudgery of dra ing mater in a
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TAE LIPE ophis own son Drusus, or his adoptod son Germanicus. Ostended at the vices of the former, who ted a dissolutelis , he was not much affected at his deuth, but, almost immediately after the funerat, resumed his usual occupations, and obliged the public to do the same. The ambaiasa dors of the Iliensans coming, after a considerable interval, with their compliments of Condolence On this OCCasion, the memory of which being now much dissipa- ted , he sa id to them by way of banter, And I heartilycondole with ycu in regard to the losse of your eXcellent countryman Hector. V He so much affected to depreciate Germanicus, that he would speak of his great alchieve-ments as ulterly insignificant, and rati at his most glorious victories as ruinous to the public; complaining of him tothe Senate for going to AleXandria without his knowledge, upon occasion os a great and sudden famine at Rome. It is belle ed illat he took care to have him dispalched by Cn. Piso, the licutenant of Syria. This person was afterwariis tricit for the muriter, and would, asWas supposed, have produced his orders, had they not contained a positive injunelion to secresse. The followingwor is theres ore mere posted up in many places, and frequently bawled out in the night: Give iis Germanicus again.V This suspicion he afterwards confirmed by the barbaro us treaiment of his wise and children. LIII. His davgliter in-law Agrippina, after the dea thos her humand , complaining upon s me occasion witumore than ordinary freedom, he took her by the hand, and addi essed her in a Greeli sentence to this effect : My dearchild, do you think yo urseis injured, because the govern-ment is not in Tour handsῖV Nor did he ever spe ali toller aster. Upon her refusing once at supper to laste sonae