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Aster stis jargon it may be alloWable, as a relies, to introduce a song unded On the peculiari ty of the Newcas leburr, published in a provinciat collection in Dectimber 1791. It purporis to ho an address seorn one os the rooks, whiel, then bulli their nosis on the vane os the Exchange, to the good people of Burcastis.
Even ille learned Aldhelm indulges in some curious sancies. In the Presace to his poem De Laude Virginum, consisting os thiri eight lines, the fimi and last lines contain the fame wotas, but in the last they are retrograde. The respectivo lines begin with the successive letters os tho fidit line, and finish missi stose os the last line : thus, thefirsi and last lines, and the collected initiat aud final lettorsos the lines, consist os the fame Wotas; but in ius last line they occur hackwards, and the final letters must beread upwards. Gere is a curiousty complicated acrostichoross by Rabanus, containing thi'-five linos, and eachos them thirty-five letters; but is explain this properly,
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Rem tibi conseci, doetissime, dulcisonoram. Spes Deus aeternae stationis conciliator.
u. γ. 182. The sol lowing line is the reverae. Vectigalibus armamenta reserie jubet Rex. Anoster clara consista os Palindromes, hom παλn and hoμέω sOmetimes called Sotadic verses, Dom Sotades, who
somelimes given, aes the first specimen, according to oneae Dunt, WaR the extemporno effusion os an uia fortunate demon, inhon carrying mosi uia illingly, a certain portly
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INTRODUCTION. canon os Combremer, hom Bayeux to Romo. It retas the fame, whether hach Hs Or sorwards, Signa te, signa, temere me tangis et iungis, Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor. Oster examples are, Si bene te tua laus taxat, sua laute tenebis. Sole medere pede, ede, perede mei . Alsos
Et neeat eger amor non Roma rege tacente, Roma reges una non anus eger amor,
where the word non serves as a PiVOL
Odo tenet mulum, mappam madidam tenet Auna.
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A note used in music, whicli time dotii proclaim, A ad bachwatas and sor a s is always the fame ;Their initials connected. st titie will frame, That is justly the due of the lair mani ed dame, Which haekwatas and sorWatas is est the fame.
Another invention is, stat os verses, which may be retaeister sorWaias or backwards, and in the lalter case general-ly containing a meaning qui te the reverse of the former, and possessing sarcasm or Satire. This is somelimes called verse Lyon, said to have been invenled, or frequently made uso of, by Sidonius. The solio ing have been frequently cited, as specimens of the style ; -uen in maiseos Pope Cloment VI. or Pius ΙΙ. but of whicli, leamedauthorities do not agree. It seems that the poet Wasahaid ho might not obtain suta a rewata, as according in his own estimate he deserved, and there re retesned thepower os converting his flattery into a se, by simplygiving his hienda their oue, to commenee stom the last word and read hac ards.
Pauperibus tua das gratis, nec munera Curas Curia Papalis, quod modo percipimus. Laus tua, non tua sinus, virtus non copia rerum, Scandere te faciunt, hoc decus eximium. Conditio tua sit stabilis, nec tempore parvo Vivere te laciat hic Deus omnipotens.
Os a similar description are these three distitas by DuBellay, a French Poet.
Ad Iulium III. Pontificem Maximum. Pontifici sua sint Divino Numine tuta Culmina, nec montes hos petat Omnipotens. Ad Carolum V. Cresarem. Caesareum tibi sit selici sidere nomen, Carole, nec satum sit tibi Caesareum. Ad Ferdinandum Romanorum Regem. Romulidsim bone Rex, magno sis Caesare major, Nomine, nec satis, aut minor imperio.
A complete specimen appears in a line applicabie et therio Cain or Abel, being also hexameter one Way, and Penta meter the other. Abel says,
Sacrum pingue dabo, nec macrum sacrificabo.
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Sacrificabo macrum, nee dabo pingue sacrum.
The sollowing lino is os similar emcacy, applied by tWo
Paetrum dicta probo, nec sacris belligerabo. The oster ans erS, Belligerabo sacris, nee probo dicta Patrum.
Oster examples may be Mund in French and Englisti: in the lalter lanmage there is one. I thinh, on the Vicar of Bray. These remind us os the prinis Where, by a litti emanagement, the representation of a face is preserved ei ther Way ; looking very amiabie, perhaps, When Vie eddi reci, but Dite the reverse is tu med topSPturvΥ, Ortopside tyoster Way, according to the most apprOv etymoloo. ΗΜdn, amongst oster playsul ebullitions os sancy, has introduced into one of his Symphontes a minuet and trio, whiel, are fini in be played in tho regulis Way, and thenrepeat ed hackwariis. Some writers have constructed or selected Virgilian and Homeri e centos, wherein portions of the old or New stament are related in lines talien entiret y srom Virgil orΗOmer. Anoster ambitious genius signalited himself by inserting a pentameter verse aster every line Os Homer. Echo verses, and various other poetical tantasies might be described is necessary, hut it is time to reser to Macaronio Poet , Dom Whicli tuus Introduction hitheris has been a complete digression.
This species of writing is thus described by Folengi, oneos the best authors of the class : Ars ista poetica nuncupatur ars Macaronica, ii Macaronibus derivata: qui Mac This fame etymolota, lihe wme os Imis Walton's fish, requires delicate hanesing. As a specimen, it ill prove most satisfactortly that the word perriwiu, not illistanding the oldstory os pilus, petulus, &C. is derived froin the Cornish words, Pyr ha vov. literalty sis nisying round and hollow. The thingcontaining, Ming put, i suppose, by figure, sor the thing con
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INTRODUCTION.IXrones sunt quoddam pulmentum, larina, caseo, butyro compaginatum ἰ grossum, rude, et rusticanum. Ideo Macaronica nil nisi grossedinem, ruditatem, et VocabuleZZos, debet in se continere.' The Italian word Maccherone signifies a puddingsated meliow. Dr. Geddes says, It is the characteristic of a Macaronic poem to he wriuen in Latin hexametera, but so as is admit occasionalty vernacular Words, eister in their native so , or mitti a Latin inflexion. Other licences, too, are allo ed, in the me ureos the lines, contra to the strict rules os prosody.V It is curious stat Dr. Geddes should have broken through his o n rule M to the metre of the Macaronic muse in theode heroaster printed. There is a treatise De Latinitate Macaronich,V by Bidermanu; but not having met withit, I am unacquainted wim iis style or intention. e subject is os too lirat a nature to demand any bibliographical account os the disserent uriters and their productions ; hom many eighths os an inch of margin one edition has more than another; whicli are presq'intrativabis;
libri rarissimi; uncut copios; printed on vellum; privatelyprinted ; on piis, blue, or coquelieot coloured paper; is
y have the rare good fortune in possess a mord Or two printed upside down; or contain any other invalu ledefeci in the eyes os book collectore. Those persons Whowish to study the subject criti catly and bibliographicatly,
and can read Germau, Will find ample information in G schielite der Macaronischen Poesie,' hy Dr. F. U. Genthe. Gipsic, 1829. 8vo. The present sketcb, With iis examples,only prosesses to offer a litile musement in one os inoseleisura hal Rhours what tho Cornisti cali touch-pipe' that mill occur in the lide os the most laborious student. In this intellectual age, When things are conducted onprincipies some hat similar to the Ungdom of Laputa, and bos are taught the philosophy os their hoops and
mainles besore allowed to use them, this compilation mustbe content to take rank with the lucubrations of Μr. Joseph Miller. Macaronic poetry Was much in vome in the fixisenthand sevenisenti, centuries. There are indeta some poems in Baudius, with a mixture os me Greek and Latin lan- mages: and as early as thct twel fili century quaint mixtures
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κ INTRODUCTION.ish writers; but these cannot be considered Macaronic. Ducange mentions Epistolae Farcitae, composed in mixed Latin and Gallic idiom. Walter Mapes, the facetious Arehdeacon os Oxsord in the time os Henry the Second, and Golias, Wh ver he Was, mere great manufacturem os burtesque Latin, but cannot he classed Mith Macaronicwriters; stili, a stiori specimen os Mapes may be allo edis stlo his facete svle.-Suum cuique proprium dat natura munus, Ego nunquam potui scribere jejunus :Μe jejunum vincere posset puer unus. Sitim et jejunium, odi tanquam funus. Unicuique proprium dat natura donum, Ego versus faciens, vinum bibo bonum, Et quod habent melius dolia cauponum, Tale vinum generat copiam sermonum. Tales versus facio, quale vinum bibo. Nihil possum scribere, nisi sumpto cibo, Nihil valet penitus, quod jejunus scribo, Naesonem post calices carmine praeibo.
Erant rumores et timores varii; Dies horroris et confusionis Εvenit in calendis Ianuarii, Gigantes, semen maledictionis,
Nostri potentes impii adversarii,
Irascebantar campanarum Sonis, Hork secunda centum tres gigantes Venerunt ante januam ululantes.
At fratres pleni desolationis, Stabant ad necessarium premidium, Pertariti pro vitis et pro bonis. Et perduravit hoc crudele obsidium, Camden's Remaius, 4to. I 614. Pp. 337 .
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INTRODUCTION. XINostri elaustralis pauperis Sionis, Ad primum diem prurimorum Iduum ;Tune in triumpho fracto tintinnabulo, Gigantes ibant alibi pro pabulo. Sed frater Isodorus decumbebat
In lecto per tres mensas brachio tracto,
Nam lapides Mangonestus jaciebat, Et Degit tintinnabulum lapide jacto ;Et omne vicinagium destruebat,
Et nihil relinquebat de intacto,
Ardens molinos, eas , messuagia.
Et alia multa damna atque outra a.
The firat writer in the Macaronio style of Whom me have any account Was Typhis Odaxius, or inster Tifi deglioda , Who composed about the End of the fist nci centu Carmen Macarout cum de Patavinis quibusdam artema est delusis.V 4to. without placo or date, catchwotas,or signatures. Llibellus longe rarissimus There meis severat editions, os inich ali are equesty rare. A ut the fame time appeared, Macharronea varia, diversis linguis conscripta, p sertim Latine, et earaetere ,- ὰκ Gothico impressa;V smali 8vo. Without place or date. 2This rare volume, Whose author, according in Brunet, WasGeorgio Asione dristi, contains laurinen smali pi es, of μγ ,γwhich tho fidit is Macharonea contra Μacharoneam Bas- . 4λ sani ad spectabilem D. Baltasarem Lupum asten. studen tom Papiae e remiander are principalty sarces in Lombard and Ρὰdmonisse verse. In the year 1516 mere fini publishod at Paris, Fru tuosissimi atque amenissimi Sermones,V by Gabried Bariette, a Dominion Diar. They ars initten in the lo est Mac
ronio Style, one sentence osten consisting of two or three
languages, and mixing ludicrous With serious subjecta ; noruWithstanding which, they passed throuis severat editions. The first edition os the well-known work os Meri in Co cate, or Merlinus Cocalus, Was at Venice in 1517. Thoreat name os this author ofilo Folengi, descendedirem a nobie family in Μantua, astemards a Benedictine monk. Ηe was bom in l491, and died at his Priory, ne Bassano, in 1544. Wo completo titie of his Moh, as in the edition os 1521, is- Opus Merlini Cocati, Poetae Mantuani Macaronicorum.
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Totum in pristinam formam per me Magistrum Aequarium dolam optime redactum, in his insta notatis titulis
Zanitonella, quae de amore Tonelli erga Zaninam tractat. Quae constat ex tredecim Sonolegiis, septem Eclogis, et una Stram ttolegia.
Phantasiae Macaronicon, divisum in viginti quinque Macaronicis, tractans de gestis magnanimi et prudentissimi Baldi. Moschea facetus liber in tribus partibus divisus, et
tractans de cruento certamine muscarum et formicarum.
Libellus Epistolarum et Epigrammatum ad varias personas directarum .'
These poems, Whicli are embellished mitti severat curia Ous plates. are Written in a mediey os Latin and Italian. They contain some sober maxims expressed in saceti stems: the hiis founding tities os grandees are turned intoridicule wissi much addross; and the vices os manliind are depicted in such a jocose manner, that the work may be considered a satire Without venom. The adventures os Baldus constitute a mock-heroic romance, launded on the exploits of an imaginary grandson Os Chartemagne, accompani ed by a trusty knave, a giant, a centaur, &c. There nave been severat editions; the best is that os 1768, 2 vols. in One, Mantua, 4M., vim notes and engruvings. In the edition os 1561 many alterations are made, and Passages objectionabie to particular samilies are omitted. There is
viso a French trati station, os which the best edition is thatos 1606. Os ilio Freneli edition os 17 34 a se copies Were printed on vellum. Foleragi is supposed to have writtenother Macaronio pleces, as the solio ing tities appear in alist os his works at the end of his Lila, Dexed to the edition os the opus' os 1692. opusculum aliud versibus Macaronicis, cui Titulus : Il Libro delia Galla.' Also, in
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tille Guarini Capella, Μacharonea in Cabrinum Gog magogae Regem composita, multum delectabilis ad legendum, ex sex libris distincta. Arimini, per Hieronymum Soncinum anno D 'ni 1526. Buo. 'AΛntonius de Arena, a lawyer at Avimon, who di ed in 1544, was a celebrated macaronic writer. The best os his woas in this style is considered to be Meygra Entre-prieta Catoliqui Impenatoris, quando de Anno D. 1536veniebat per Provensam bene carrOZatus, in postam prendere Frausam cum villis de Provensa, propter grossas et minutas gerites rejouire, Per Antonium ae Arena Bastinu- satam. Gallus regnat, Gallus regnavit, Gallus regnabit.' Avenione, 15 37. 12mO.- Bruxellae, 1748. 8vO.-Lyon, 1760. Buo. It is somelimes found with the sol lowing tille: Ρoema Macaronicum : id est, Historia bravissima Caroli Quinti Imperatoris a Provincialibus ΡVsanis triumphanter desbitati, Macaronico carmine recitans, per Ioannem Ge manum. 1536. me book concludes thus: Scribatum estando cum gailhardis Ρaysanis per Boscos, Montagnos, FOrestas de Provenin, de anno mille cccccxxxvi. quando Imperatrusd'ripama, et tota sua Gendarmeria pro lauta de panibus per Vignas roygabant Rasinos, et post veniebant sori heuhAcambram sine Cresteris, et Candeletis d'Apoticaris in Villa de Aquis. V It is a plearunt satire on the wars of Charies the Fisth, and was suppressed by the ministry ostliose times; but whether it was the subjeci os an eae incio information, does not appeis. Anoster Work of his, of whicli there have been severat editious, is, Antonius de Arena de Bragardissim1 villa de Soleriis. Ad suos Com- Pagnones studiantes qui sunt de persona Diantes, bassas dansas in galanti stylo bisognatas; cum Guerrii Romana et Neopolitana, Revolta Genuensi, Guerra Aventonensi, et Epistolii ad sal lotissimam suam garsam Roseam, pro Pa sando lo tempus allegramente, &c. Stamp. in Stampatuin Stampatorum, anno 167O.V he solio ing is gi ven as the description os Dance. Quid sit Dansa 'ν Est una grossissima consolatio, quam Prendunt bragardi homines cum bellis garsis sive mulieribus, damando, chorisando,hingando, balando de corpore Myo et Disco, quando menestrius, cartanauatrus, noulairus, juglairus, tamborinairus bassas et hautas dansas, tordiones, hinnios, martingatas et