The beginner's Latin book

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WISHES AND CONDITIONS. 181 1 In 1 and 2 ha time do the word would come, hould come,should e, oint ore laint notrio the past, nor to the instant pr0sent, but vaguel to the future and thi Vague future is expressed in Latin by th present subjunctive. The isti and the conditionr0turriuit tho future nambe fulsit ted the ather mancome. 2 In Mandri the isti an condition refer to the present an liliis present is expreSSed by the imperieci subjunctive. Tho isti an condition re latui contrarycio hat is the faci the fallier is,

3 Inra an thu tens o the subjunctive offers no dissiculty.

1. Si pater actest, Uene est, is father is present, it is ell. 2. 1 pater acterat, en erat, is father a present, it was etl. 3. Si pater acterit, Bene erit, is father hal be present, it illbe weli.

Observe that in Xamplus 1 and 2 a conditio is state Mithout implying anything. In examplera, as the timoris futuro that whieliis suppos0 may be fulfilled. his orni, then, o statin a Supposition is almos exacti equivalent to that of the present subjunctivo inras' it sint aclivulier Wayii puttiniit.

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182 ΤΗΕ SUBJUNCTIVE:

ASG. EXERClSES.λI. I. victoriam Certam Videam, nunquam ilignem. 2. 1 me virum bonum judieares, non me Corrumpere VelleS.δ3. Dictator, SP id fuiSSet rem non meliu geSSiSSel. 4. Vareo, Si Carthaginiensium dux fuisset, temeritatis poenas dedisset.' 5. Si Patrem tuum era videam, quid dicat 3 6. Non profectu ESSem, niSi CaeSar uSSiSSet. T. Si recte faeiuS, lauderis . . Si maneat MareuS, Ruden-muS; In Rutem eat, tamen eum laudemuS. . Si seoaccederet, omne fugerent. 10. Utinam frater meu Viveret classemque iterum duceret 1 l. Utinam mater nobis fabulam

In translatin theso sonteneos, to come, hiet wOuid e XpresSed rendo the present subjunctive in by the present subjunctive. sue a Way as O indicate vagusely Seo 2GA. 3. future time thus, videam ... Dug 7 In turnini these Sentences nem, hould se . . . should fght into Latin, do not ho miste as

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ACCUSATIVE AND INFINITIVE. 191

I. 1. Historia narrat duos filios fuisse Corneliae . . Cornelia dixit filios Suo es Se ornamenta Sua . . cimia matreS filio amare. 4. Truditum est Caesarem a Bruto et Cassio

occiSum SSe. 5. Certum Si casu bonum seri neminem.'

6. Seio hae Vera esse. T. Marcellus Hannibalem vinci posse docuit. 8. Legulus dixit e publicum nuntium esse populi Romani Thales aquam dixit SSe initium rerum. 10. Traditum est Homerum ut AS caecum. 11. LegatuS dicit montem ab hostibus teneri.

Boior translatiniinto Latin cast acti sontenco mentali intotho Latin forni thus horai si sentoneo ill e It is sat two sonsto have been to Cornelia, o Cornelia tio sons to have had and the Seventh, Me noto ou the truth octe about o teli This practio isos capita importanee.J

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192 ACCUSATIVE AND INFINITIVE.

I. 1. Qurate vos rem publicam non deSerturo esse. 2. Vox quondam audita Si Romam a Gallis captum iri. 3. Certum est Hanii ibalem a Scipione victum eSSe. 4. Ferunt δeo die lunam fuisse plenam . . Cum aS1ea ad Ennium veniSSet, Servus dixit Ennium dom non SSe. 6. Nasica sensit illum' intus esse. T. Postea cum ad Nasicam eniSSet Ennius, exclamavit ipse NaSio Se dom non esse. 8. Cato dicere Solebat acerbos inim1eos Saepe verum distere . . Ab1, nuntia te vidisse Gajum Marium in Carthagini ruinis edentem sitiing). 10. Matrona quaedam dictitabat se triginta

tantum anno habere. ε See Secon paragraph, p. 191. The first sentence expresse in

II. 1. Ennius say that he is notis homo. 2. He aid that he had not eon at homo. 3. He hinks that he halibe at home to-morroW. 4. Cato thought that his friendsdi not alWays ted him the truth. 5. It is vidunt that tho

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ACCUSATIVE AND INFINITIVE.

4O7. FOR TRANSLATlON. NL SIC ET ENNIUS. Nasica cum ad poetam Ennium venisset, eique ab ostio quaerenti Ennium ancilla diXiSSet eum domi non eSSe, Sensit illam domini jussu dixisse, et illum' intu eSSe Pauci post diebus, cum ad Nasicam veniSSet Ennius et eum a Janua quaereret, eXclamat NuStea e domi n6n SSe. Tum Ennius, Quid L ego mon cognosco vocem, V inquit, tuam V

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194 PARTICIPI ES.

Hic Τ Nasica: Homo es impudens. Ego eum te quaererem uncillae tuae credidi te domi non esse tu milii non

credis ipsi NAE

CHAPTER LXIII. n. PARTICIPI ES.

OS. Loarn the participises of tho regula and irregula VerbS. 1. For deciension iis present activo participio, se 165. The ablativo Singula generali end in e but in i hen the participieis sed as an adjective. 2. The ther participies, enuin in us a tim, are decline like

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PARTICIPI EA. 195

41O EXERClSES. It wili 0 0s to translato very fontone literalty thon intogood English.JI. 1. Remus irridens murum transiliit. 2. Abi hinc oblita fratrum, oblita' patriae. 3. Legato res repetenti*Superbe reSponSum est a Latinis . . Falisci statim bonoscio victi portu Romani aperuerunt. 5. Filitis Manli Latinume equo XCuSSum trai)S IXit.' 6. Romani neceSSitate victi legatos mittunt. 7. Hunc Fabrielu vinetiam reduc juSSit. 8. Hannibal causam belli quaereti Saguntum evertit. 9 Earo commotus in Italiam rediit armis injuriam acceptam vindicaturus. 10. Missos a Senatu legatos honorifice excepit. Cast ach o tho solioWin sentencus into tho Latin diombeior attemptinguo translate Thus Romulus illed Remus aughingit acu in agreement illi Remus Horatius stabbed his sister forge ut OUIitam to the ambassadors demanding, etc.J

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PARTICIPLES.

Sos 211, 212.

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PARTICIPI ES ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE.

CHAPTER LXIV. PARTICIPI ES: ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE.

Her6n Caelo, hen the s sis clear. in a clear hy. 1. The oregoin examplos illustrate the Ver common conStruetio calle th Alalative AUAolute. 2. In the firsi ou examples there is a noues o pronoun in the ablative, an a participio agr00in With t. In therias three hereis no participi expressed, but instead another Doumor an adjective. 3. Caretuli comparo tho Latin illi th Englisti translation, an observe that ach ablativo absoluto a b rendered by clause eginning ith when, ohile, in ther instance because, although, etc.), the Latin noui in tho ablativ bucoming the subjecto tho clauso in Englisti, and that his noui refers to a disserent person or thing roin the subjectis the leadin verb.

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198 PARTICIPI ESL ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. 4. o may also Sometime translato the participi in tho ablativo absoluto by a veri, coordinate illi a tollowin verb. Thus tho ourth might e translated The consul inished the rear and

returne l.

b. I I isti to expros in the Latin, hil he was eigning, hecarried on ar, he eing the subjectis both the principat an sub- ordinate elauses, I say, Ι regnan Uellum gessit: ut ii I istito expreSS, While he was re igning etcar rose, e ein subject illi subordinate clause, and carii the principat, Pus the ablativo absolute, thus, O regnante Uellum eZortum ESt. 6. In tho ourth Xamplo notico the change o idiom. emight say, The consul, having finished thericar returne to Rome butthe Latin has no perfeci active participi correspondinito havingsinished therHiore in Latin the perfeci passive participi must beused in tho ablativo illi the noui Bellum. The Same idea may, oi ourse, e expressedi a Cum clause S0 372. 7. From themature os deponent orbs passive forin illi activo

13. EXERCIS ES. Translato acti ablativo absolute in a many Way a poSSible.JI. 1. Stricto gladio, transfixit puellam. 2. EXPutSIS regibUS, duo consule Creati Sunt. 3. Quo saeto mutata est proeli fortuna. . oeuput Stellia, quid poStea acturia Ses 5 Hannibal, viso frutris Celsi capite dixit: AgnoSCO fortunam Carthaginis. V 6. His parati rebus Caesar militeSnuve eon Seendere jubet. 7. Hoe facto, tutus eris . . Alpibus superatis, Hannibal in Italiam venit. 9. Caesar, mortuo Sulla, Rhodum secedere statuit. 10. Deletis Teutonibus, C. Marius in Cimbro Se Convertit. When his had been done. What is it litorali Τ