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ovory man has Wholly in himself; and though it bo not senso,as having nothing to do With external objecis, yet it is very likoit, and might properly enough be called internat sense. But asI catl the other, Sensation, so I catl this, reflexion; the ideas it assoriis being Such only as the miud gels, by reflecting on iis
a universat resulting DOm absolute singulars. To affirm ii Without intellect, is to assii m a generat Without paris, or light Without rays, time Mithout momenis, motion Without degreeS, and number Without uuiis; consequently, the body Without thesoui, Which lalter contains the vertest singulars of lise. Thus lise is the universat essetice of singulares, and is the greater and more perfeci in proportion as it is the more Singular. Our very assections, Whicli are many iu number, almOSt never applar in their singulars, but Only in their generat, as jOy, IOVe, hunger, thirst, and the other appetites; yet Would they be aS none, uniess they were composed of most minute particulars, Whicli present themselves under a generat form to Our Senses. Thus the soci os an insant has the fame intelligunco as the foui os unaduit; and the so ut os an idiot as the foui of a sago; but thoWays of communication, Dom Whicli the miud ariSes, are not8imilarly opened, but are stili closed in the insunt, und distortestaud deranged in tho idiot. Yot for est this Wo Will not cease to
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the mind and to sensations, the observation above applied toli se itself relatively to the foui; namely, that the foui floWs into the subjecis os iis universe in one Only manner and Without
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only sor receiving, reducing, conVeying, applying, ΠOuriShing, cnrrying and excluding. From the Soul or spirituous fluid proculds the peculiar prevalling similitude of bodies and mitids in cach generation, Whicli though it Seems frequently extinct innexi of hin, et revives soOner Or later in their posterity. Howthis suid talios increasu Dom the initiaments in the ovum, andis in an eminent manner conceived and born aneW perpetuallyin the cortical and cineritious substance of the bratus, in Orderio subserve every state both of the system to be formed and al-
ready formed, may be seen in fari II., Π. 165-J67; Ρari I., 11. 261-269. Where re is it be the fame foui that emigratos Dom the parent to this new man as to a colony, it sollows that itis not less intelligent in the one than in the Other; as We have just poluted out. See also Pari II., Π. 310. 296. But not so the min which before it can be illuminaled by the lipht of the foui, must be imbued with principies a posteriori, or through the omans of the eoeternal senses, by the mediation of the animus. It is persectly clear that no mortat is hornviti, an understandi g of the things of the worid or of himself: the innocent insant is brought upon the stage of life proso undiyignorant of the character it has to perform; nexi, With advaticingyears, by the nid of the externat senses, principalty of the eyeaud car,) Whicli With the internat senses malle up the series offensations and perceptions, it is instructed What the Worid is, What the human race is, and What itself is . Generals sirst enter; then particulars under generias; and asterWards individuals underparticulars; and the more and the bellor the human being caugo on individualiging them, the more perfectly does he begiu touuderstaud What generals are. Thus the infant groWs up Domuniversals to singulars, or Dom lise to intelligetice, coming evernearer to the foui, Whicli in iis turn advances by a like gradation to meet him. From the meeting arises the intellectualmiud, Whicli is in a mannor the centre, to Whicli the sciences Ofthings ascend by Way of the senses, and lo Whicli the foui de- Seend 8 as essentiat science. Every one then must perceive, that 80mething is successively opened belWeen the inferior sensortes and the Supreme sensory or the foui, in ordor that there may be
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and the purer essetices of the blood, circulate villiin their ves-Seis and vesseis of vesseis Or fibres; also that Whatever happens
tunic of the vesset, or tho litile tunic of the fibre, Withinu hicli the fluid is containud: so that the foui Deis the Drces and modes of the outWardly-acting World by the mediationor intervention of the fibre. NoW in Order to ascertain Where this Way of communication is, that has to be Opened, We muStexamine tho littlu tunic of the fibre, Whicli acts as a partition not Only as regards the generat texture, but also as re-gards the particular paris of the texture. For such as the tunicis, Such is the exterior force or accidental mode represented
the presence of contraries, Or When the organs are injured.
Willi rogard to the generat texture of the organ, namely, Whatit is, and ought to be; this We may learn Dom a caresul anatomicat investigation ; but With regard to the particulars of the texture, this me shali learn by the intellect in the analytic Wayfrom a close examination of the generat. As strat, We shalliearn the material os Whicli tho litile tunic of the firsi or purest fibre consisis; namely, that it consists of the very materiat os the fluid, Whicli is the mollier und nurse, because the formative substance, os ali things in the body. Seconii , is Wo Would RScertain the nature of the mutation or metamorphosis by Whichfrom being perfectly fluid it can be so fixed as to form a coherent tunic:-this also may be known, is We attend to the principat natural poWer of this fluid, Whicli lius in iis ability to
undergo accidental mutations in infinite Ways, Or to be expandedand compressed; Whicli mutation is the very persection os iis nature fari II., n. 223; and Chapter X.): by virtve of Whichit is accommodated to every necessity and use : therelare theoloser and more compaci the form into Whicli it is reduced, tholoss suid it is, and ut tength it is reducod into a form iu Whicli,
When the purest elements combine, it n8Sumes Or aspires tofomething like continuity. Let iis then graui sor argumenUssalio, that the material of the fibre is talion from tho maturialos the fluid, and let us designate the assumption algebraically
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by the letters X or ν; as marking that it is at pressent o ly
form, into a more contracted and imperfeci form, it follows, thatit changes into one in Whicli it is not able to lead a perfectly distinci, but only a Lind of generat life : but nevertholoss thoessenee, With the attributes, remaius, although the modes are varied; consequently every part of the fibre stili lives, yet only
tainod the nature of the litile tunic of the fibre: let iis noWtreat Our deductions as principies, and proceed OnWardS DOmthem. Modifications, of Whatever Liud they be, sor example, of the uir and ether, first reaeli sortie sueti tunio Or fibre, by the mediation of Whicli they cause their quality or nature to beperceived. NoW as the constituent paris of the tunio accommodate themselves to externat and internat forces, so the tunic is adapted to receive sensations Dom the wOrid, and to transmitthe purest by the spiritu ous fluid, assumed as the foui. In Order to be thus accommodated, modes must continuatly floWin a pOSteriori, and also continuatly a priori; thus it is that What is intermediate is accommodated to reciprocat receptionSand transmissiones: consequently in proportion as those thingsthat are insinuated a posteriori approach to the nature undessence of those that exist in the spirituous suid, the more is the Way of communication belKeen the two Opened. Principies, therelare, Whicli bolong to the sciences, and whicli are in agreement With the ordor and truth of things, are What approachmost nearly to the nature of the foui, Whicli is science, ordor, and truth. By these means the fibres return and are eXpandedinto the condition and state of their fluid; yet not so as them-8elves to bee me fluent, for in this case the nexus and determination of paris Would be destroyed. In order that these cireum innees may obtain, the generat state of the fibres must fit si be80 informed or adapted, that particulars cati insinuate themSel VeSSHecessively and sultably in their own and the natural orderHudex generais, and individustis undor particulars. ΤhUS UC SCOh0W important it is that generat notions should be rightly
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1 Ormed; sor singulars enter under them, and primal or absolute Singulars under these again, RS the principies of generais, and si in or insinunte themselves Only in proportion as the common Or generat state alloWs, Whicli state in adult age is With difficulty reformed. The delight and destre os learning con-Spire to render insinuation easy, because they eXpand Singulars,
and thus Oxalt tho lise; and there re it is most Wisely provided by the Creator that our frst years should be sportive aud
297. Is Wo do nos grant, yet let us suppose, as I said, sornrgument's salie, that the material os the fibro is talion Domthe material of tho fluid, or Doui tho fluid itself, and in thomeanti me let his express this algebraicatly by the letters X and y.
NON Iet us seleel Dom the stores of experience a feW essecis, to Serve as evidenees Or data Whereby to instituto our analytic calculus. Let us select sor example memory and intellecl. Noone, Wo preSume, SuppoSes that the images of things perceived by sense are laid up Within the brain in litile celis or boxes, and there remain us pictures and delineations : stili tess that this is the case With those species that exist in the memory under nobounded or limiten form; as those, sor instauce, that axe purelyphilosophical and rationes. Τo overlay and oram the brain Withali these pictures, One upon another, One beSide another, undone under another, Would be to drive ali iis rays of light inton general Shado , Or to compet iis universe into One undigested chaos : and at the fame time to deprive the foui of the ΡOWer to evolae agnin the severat forms in order according to the disposition os present things, and Dom each to tae Some partWhich may enter as a simple idea into the compound idea, andio reject the paris Dom tho rest that are uot in agreement. Isthen the memory be not suci, as it appears, and yet besorethings are fixod in it, tho fibre bo associost, it sol lows, that it isonly the assection and adaptation os the fibro that cause themto approaeli nearer to the nature and persection os iis fluid, and that thus the Way of communication is rendered more Open; vig., in order that the SOes may aut as a miud in singulars, and ns an animus Or Sight in comparative generals; and as bearing,
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but One manner, and this, according to the modis sed charactoror disposition os the paris in the fibre. TheSe resulis, hoWevor, could not be brought to pa88, Unle8S there Uere a perpetunt harmonic variety of ali the paris in the fibres, and ut the samo timeos ali the Organic Or cortical substances in the two braius and tho tWo medullae; nos to mention other circumstances of Whichwe have spolien in Ρari II., Π. 193. See also Pari I., 11. 604606. Without a variety of substances there Would be no varietyos modifications; lienee no memory, no imagination, no serception, no thought; sor ali distinction and relation peristi in equali ty; because ali disserenue of things : in this casu the mitidc0uid evolie no more than simply one thing Dom the storehouse of the memory. And anatomy inde0d shews that tho fibres os the brain are soster a d more fluent than ali the rest, Whilo the fibres of the body are very firm indoeil. For the brain is raisedio such poWer, that it is enablod to mill and dotermino thothings imagined and thought, into aut: consequently Where the principie of action is, there the intellect also is: for tho brain is divided into congeries, least, largor and largest; Whicli arerespectively circumscribed by interstices, furroWs, and Windilig
principalty in that part of the brain Whicli excels in expansibility,
lar instance, about the anterior Iobes Or umboneS, or as theyare called the prora cerebri; and the Other appendageS SerVethese as ministers of the common ideas that conclude the com-p0und. Furthermore this memory of things is not impressedon tho suid iiself, but oti the fibres of the fluid; for tho fluid
perserms iis continuat circle, Which Wo have callud the circle os lise, and almost in the samo instant that it is in the brain, it is present iu any motivo fibro of the body, and Dever puis fortii
ny representative or intuitive larce in any place but Where the Substances of the fibres are in correspondeuce With it, Or Rreaeeommodated for iis reception and transmission : thus in the
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derive the value of the sigris of the unknown X and y in this rationat analysis; numely, that it is a mere condition of the paris constituting the fibres, Which gives the sensations and perceptions the poWer Of concentrating themselves in a certain intellectual miud. It Would be soreign to Our purpOse to adduce surther arguments upon this subjeci, although innumerable Others are ut haud, because in the present articie Our Only deSignis, to troat of the illumination Whicli the rational iniud receives
froin the light of tho solii, and of the principies With Whicli itis imbued a posteriori. See beloW, n. 312, 313. 298. Thus as the mind is instructed, or the way Uened, 89 itis enabled lo communicate wilh iis foui, which has determined and
provide that the way Dadiu lo it should be opened in this oriter. It is suid to have determinod, because it has formen iis
organic body in entire aecordanee With the Succession, correspondence and harmony of the forces and substances of the
insensibility : Our organs are open ed by degrees; they receive at 1irst Only obscure images and notions; and is We may be alloWed the expression, the Whole universe is represented to the eye as a single indistinct entity Or chaos; yet in process of time allthings bucome more distinet, and ut longili are laid open besore the reasoning tribunal of the mitid : thus it is late besore We arerendered rationes; a most evident proos that We have beendriven in a manner headlong Dom heaven to earth, and have fallen Dom a goiden age into a rude and iron One. The SOulitself, Whicli is not the wisdom but the science of the wOrid, Dom the sirst stamen involves itself in threads and fibriis, Whichnre So many Veiis and enclosures; as though it did Dot Wisti to
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0nsnared bu salso deligitis, it provides that the sensations should in tho onil be persected by the judgment.
prudently distributed and distinguishod than in animal braitis; the red blood, sor instance, is more finely Warded osr froin thepurer, and the purer Dom the spiritu ous fluid Ρari I., Π. 602, 603, 269 : in ordor that tho mitid may be enabled to sum up
in One totai nil the poWers and reasons of the understanding ;nnil to divide them into quantities, or subtraei and balanee themaright; not to mention infinito Other things, of Whicli me irent Where We speah of the anatomy of the brain. No one can beso insane as to belleve that these and similar things are determine i and provided principally by the foui itself: We must admit that they aro determinen and provided, through the medium of the foul, by Him Who is essentiat Wisdom, that is tosay, by the Creator of the universe, by WhOSe OmnipreSen eand universat influx ali and singular things floW constantly iua provident order. 299. It appears to be onjoined by the most grave and neceS-Sary renSonS, that as Soon us the foui, Whicli is science, begins
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Propagat ed by natural generation ; and whethor it Would not bumost distinctly consciolis of iis OWn formation, and by a fore-gone Will overrule nil the delails of iis gro vili in the Womb, and froin the sirst breuth of life continuatly aim at a more perfectState. But granting that under such circumstanees natural
that it has pluasod tho Deity that tho persectiori of the Wholestio uld result froin tho varioty of the paris; Whicli variety therelare mUSt be regarded ns a necessary means to the ultimate end