The economy of the animal kingdom, considered anatomically, physically, and philosophically

301쪽

no animal could emisi and subsist as an oryanic subjeci participant

been explained ab ove, Ρari II., 11. 293-295.1X. From the foregoing considerations Wo may inser the naturo of tho intercourse botWeon the foui and the body: for thosethings that aro superior soW in to those that are inferior, Record- ing to the ordor, and sui tably to the modo, in Whicli the substances are formed, and in Whicli they communicate, by their connections, Mith eaeli Other. Is the operation of the spirituous fluid bo the foui; and is tho operation of the foui in the organiec0rtical substance bo the miud; and is tho affection of theentire brain, or common sensorium, be the animus; und is the

faculty of feeling be in the sensory organs; and the faculty os acting, in the motory organs of the body; thon a diligent an drationat anatomices en quiry must shew the nature of the above intercoiarse; and must prove that the foui can Communicate

c0rding to the natural and acquired state of such Organs. 30 l. From the foresoino considerations we may infer the nature of the inter oui se belween the foui and the bo : for thosethinos that are superior solo into those that are inferior, accordinoto the order, and suilably to the mode, in which the substances aref0rmed, and in which they communicate, by their connections, witheach other. We have atready explainod above Ρari II., 11. 283,

mination Os the foui, having divors corpusculos DOm the three Lingdoms of the earili summo ed to assist in iis formation, Soa8 to enablo the spirituous fluid to attain consistency in thelarm of blood, and to enter the structure of the fissues, Sueli RSmuScular flesti, cartilage, bone, kc. Tho body theresore is a 8ubstance by itself, bo auso tho blood is a substanee distinctsi Din the spirituous fluid; as also aro nil the Other SubStaneeSeomposed from the blood. The vesseis also of the red blood are

302쪽

distinet froin tho littio vosseis of the puror blood; and the lalter DOm the vesseis, uamely, the fibres, of the spirituous fluid: While notWith standi g, the blood is the ultimate determinationos the suid fluid, because this fluid reigus universalty in thebl OOd, and iis fibres are continuous With the vesseis of theblood, thereby causing the circle os lisse, Whicli I described Rhove. From this reneWed description of the bo , it may beseen that there is an intercourso belWeen the foui and the body, as belWeen the red blood and the spirituous fluid; Or What amounts to the fame thing, as belWeen the last organie forms produced by the blood, and the first organic forins produced by the spirituous fluid : aud an intercourse by the mediation of the purer blood, or iis vesseis, Or forms of vesseis. For the fluidsWith their vesseis, ure determinant of ali the forms in the Organic body. Ρari I., 11. 594-607.)Nos is tho body with ali iis organic forms, of Whicli sorms indued it is the generat complex, be the ultimate determinationof the foul, produced in order that the foui may be en led in

a suit able maniter to Dei the ultimate modes of the WOrid, andio produce ultimate forces Or actions upon the earth; it folioWs, that the intercourse belWeen the foui and the body is nothingmore than the translation os common modes to the singularmodes of the foui; and the translation of the singular forces of the SOul to common forces : there being in this Way a Liud os progreSSion Os Operations according to natural order, by a Iadderdividod into degrees. A cluarer idea of this subject may beobtained ut pleas ure Dom other paris of Our Work. 302. AleanWhile experience alone proves beyond a doubi,

body is injured; for instance, the longue, the ear, or the Oye, iis poWer of Deling at Once vacillates to the exact extent of themisclites; and When any nerve is injured or disturbed, thechnin os communication perishes. Again, When tho brain Orcommon sensorium is the subject of the lesion, tho faculty os

seeling straightWay suffers in the organs of the body, and the faculty of imagining and thinking, and the memory itsuis, in the brain. Τhis is perfectly evident in Wound s of the head, in

303쪽

cases of mania, idioey, apopleXy, epilepSy, Catalepsy, catarrh, hydrocephalus, intoxication, and polsoning ; in cases of head-ache, vertigo, dimness of Sight, atrophy, deliquium, lipothymia, Syncope, asphyXia; in uightmare, ecstacy, 8leep; also inumbryos and insanis, and in deed in every one according totemperament, yc. In saet, Whether the fluids, or the sortiis constructed of the fluids, be assected, a corresponding assectionat Ouce resulis in the sensations and motive forces; Whenee phthisis, paralysis, torpor, Stupidi ty, lo88 of memory, privationos intellect, lethargy, and other maladies. Amid such a massos evidenue, and in such a broad glare Of experience, to a8Sertiliat the sensations and forces of the foui do nos soW in exactuccordance to the ordor and mode in Whicli substances a reformed, and communicate by their connections Uith each other; or What is the fame thing, to doubi that the foui is a realeSSOnce and Communicabie substance, running Without a breukin the organic forins of the brain and of the body, as the most persectly animal fluid, Would be at Once to impugn both experienee and found reason. There re let the nexus of substancesteach us the particulars of influx. See Pari I., 11. 619-627.

303. IV the operation of the spirituous suid be the foui. Toprevent the mind Dom falling into the common verbal controversies, it Will be weli to explain What is properly meant by the term, foui. The spirituous suid itself is the eminently organio substance of iis foui; just as the eye is the organ of sight; theear, the organ of hearing ; the longue, the organ os taste; thebrain, the Organ os universat pereeption. Eaeli of theSe organs, hoWever, is the sensorium of the modes Oi iis OWn degree andiis oWn species. NoW is the abovementioned fluid be a supereminent Organ or sensorium, it seems that iis faculty of operat-

is tho miud; and the assection of the whole brain in common is the animus. But as the supreme eulities in any series for themost pari transcend the sphere of the mitid, and of WOrds uiso, so it is dissiculi to distinguisti their adjuncis hom their sub Stauces. Yet it is no matter Whether We cali the above fluidit8elf the spirit or solit, or Whether We confine those teritis to iis sucul fy os representing the universo to itself, and of having iu-

304쪽

tuition os onds; for the one cannot be conceived, because it is impossibie, Without the other. Ρari II., Π. 245, 246.)304. And is the operation of the foui in the omanic cortical substance be the mind. It is very evident Dom the anatomy of the brain, that tho cortical substance is the sirst determinationos the spirituous suid; and that each cortical substance is a Sensorium in particular, just such as the brain is in generat; sothat cach may properly be called a cerebellulum. This substance is siluated at the last term of the blood-vesseis, and attho first term of tho medullary fibres of the body; consequently in a centre, to Whicli ali sensations ascend along the fibres, andali motive forces descend along the fibres. In a Word, the brainis made up os as many similar forms and natures as it has discrete cortical paris. See the whole of the Iast Chapter, and particularly the position in n. 191. NoW is We aro Jooking in thebrain for the organio substance in Whicli the foui acts the mostpurely and intelligently, and proximately represenis to itself the universe, and has intuition Os ends, w0 shali sud it to be noother than this cortical substance: to Whicli, by means of the exquisitely organic substances of the fibres, the sensation of thubody floWs in Dom below; sh0Wing of courso that it is thecentre Of operations, and indoed participates of both the s uland the body. In order to ascend DOm an inferior to a Superior degree, it is necessary to pass to uniis according to therules of Order; sor in the uult lies the particular or singularsaculty that exists as a universal Or generat faculty in the compotind. The cortical substance is the unit of the whole brain : in this unit or substance then Wo ought to find that superior pOWer Os Which We are in quest. Therofore in this, and not in any ulterior unit, hecause the cortical substance is the ultimate unitos the brain, Wo ought to sud the foups faculty of understand-ing, thin king, judging, and Willing. Experienco dictates thesame thing; sor according to the whole state os this substance, or rather of iis fibrils,-the state both natural and superinduceti, -and according to iis connection With iis associato substances Without it, the whole intellectual faculty is modified in singularand in generat. The specisic nature of this substance Wasdescribest in the last Chapter. There are theti as many littie

305쪽

sensoria, beenuse as many cerebellula Os similar form, and asmany portions of miud, as there are cortical and cineritious substances in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata and

spinalis. Tho sold of the mirad's operations extend8 to every Oneos these substances ; and the distin iness depends upon the harmonic variety of nil, and On the Other circumstances mentionedin fari II., Π. 193. FOr We proved above, that sensations douot motant to any particular region of the brain, but to eve part of the cortical substance Wherouer distributed Ibid., D.

I9l, 192, &c.); although they are perceived in that part of the

cortical substance resembles a corculum Or litile heari, and bya kiud os perpetuat animation, or systole and diastole, transmits the essenues of the purer blood attracted into it, through an intermediate sollicle or chamber, into the fibres and nerves; and that iis sursace or Woos is framed, With the ulmost Order, os perpetuat fibriis containing spirituous fluid. Τhis Was shewn tobe the case by experimentat evidenue. Τhis purer blood, Whicli glandes through the litile chamber of this corculum Or corteX, partakes of the body exactly in so sar as it partines os corpuscules borroWed, as We said above, Dom the three Lingdoms of the earth. NoW it Was shewn in Ρari I., in treating of the bl ood, that this purer or middie bl ood is actualty the spiritu us suid, tempered by the most volatile ethereo-saline particles. Henectin proportion as this biood that soWs through the cortical substance abounds in these particles, in the fame proportion does this substance, and consequently the iniud, partake of the body. Thus the more unclean and gravitating the intermediate bl ood, the more corporeat in iiself is the mind, and the more is thevis operandi of the foui infringod and dulled. Τhis is plain enough in gr08S, Sanguineolis subjecis, in states of intoxication, V 2

306쪽

in thosse Who pro niling Dom diseased conditions of the blood, and in Other cases, Whose subjecis live more in the body than

Τhe wonderfui expedient by whicli in human brians it is provided, that tho impurer blood shali not violato or deste thoingenious and consecrated machines of the cortical substances,

piarest chambers, so long as the mind is vioWing iis reasons, and involving and evolving them; sor est this timo it moves iis breath so tacitly, or stops the animations of the cortical sub-Stances, and almost constricis their chambers, consequently inhibiis tho transflux of this puror blood through these middie cavities; that is to say, every time it destres to bo Dee Dom thesensations and forces of the body, and to bu lost to itsuis: and for this reason, indeed, at suci, time every sensory is deprived in Some degree of iis acumen. In regard to brutes hoWever thecasse is different. 306. The folloWing are tho requisite conditions of a SOundmind in a found body. The spiritu us fluid must be of the richest character, and involve the truest order of nature. The cortical substance must be of the most perfeci form, Open fonone but genuine blood. Iis fibriis Or appendages must unanimo asty conspire With it; and communicate entirely With theorganio forms of the body. The Way of communication throughthe fibros of the cortical substance must be oponed by habit an dculti vation, dialy and accorditig to natural series. Each cortical substance must be so Dee in iis connections With iis RSSOci-ntes, as to be capable Of expansion and compression in particularand in generat. The arteries of the rud blood must be boundedoss Dom the vesseis of the puror blood, and the vessels of the puror blood Dom those of the purest; so that transflux may beprevented Or granted juSi as occasion may require. The varietyos nil the cortical substances must be perfectly harmonic; and the generat form and state of the brain must be correspondent With tho particular forin anu state of the cortical substances. The bl00d itself must be healthy; not to mention severat Other

307쪽

conditions, Whicli must contribute to enable the mind to approach With any degree of nearn ess to the intuitions Os iis foui. 307. And is the osmetion of the entire brain, Or common Sensorium, be the animus. For is the cortical substance bo tho srst determination of the foui, then the brain is iis second determination, for the brain is a grouping of cortical substances. It is clear Dom examining the brain, that the cortical substances areso WiSely arranged, as to correspond exactly to every externalsensation. Thus they combine, as uniis, in glomes, to form a certain number Or sum; and the litile glomes, as neW Uniis, combine to form largor groups, that again unite into onegrand mass, Whicli is the brain. The severat partitions are discriminaled Dom each other by interstices, surroWs, and Windingchanneis; and are combine d together by vesseis and membranous prolongations; SO as to be as it Were numbers of uniis reducen to the form os a proportion: just as We should expect to siud in the generat sensorium, Whicli is designed toreceive eVery Species of externat Sen8ation, -Sight, hearing, iaste and smell, distinctiy. But this is a subject Whici, Will ox-tend over severat of Our Ρaris, for Without the anatomy of thebrain and Organs, it cannot come home even universalty to the Understanding. MeanWhile, since every cortical and cineritious substance is a unit, and as it Were a pari and portion in thematter and sold of the mind's operation, We may conclude, is We Sum us reasons in the analytic Way, that the assection os thoentire brain is the common or generat operation Of the miud;

honco that imagination is a Lind of generat thought, and that cupidity is a Lind of generat Will, Which does not beeome Singular and distinet untii it ascend s or penetrates into the sphere Ofthu thoughis. But into this it can never ascend Or penetrate by any simple progression hom iis maximum to iis minimum, but only by a positive resolution Os iis minimum into a higher CSSenee and nature. Consequently ali such assection is purelyanimal; and we so sar leave it belliud iis, as We are able to submit iis singulars to the auspices and intuition of the bighermind and the Soul.

u diligent anil rationat anatomical enquiry must shew the nature

308쪽

of the above intereourse; and must prove that the foui can communicate with the bo ; but thro h mediatins oryans; and in-Med accordiu to the natural and acquired state of such oryans. In ordor to investigate the intercourse of the foui With thubody, and the reciprocat intercoiarse of the body With the foui, let iis proceed to follos the path luid doWn by organic sub- Stanees, that is to say, the clue os anatomy. We find that sight floWs along the optic nervo to tho thalami or crura Os the medulla oblongata, and not Only pervades their subtly cineriti Ous and Oculate substance, but passes thetice through the baseos the fornix ali over tho cortical circumferen e Os the cerebrum; for est the medullary substance of the cerebrum derived Domthe cortex) that runs doWn to the chemicat laboratory of thebrain, passes through the base of the fornix, and upon the thalami of the optic nerves, and dips into the lalter. The notes Ormodulamina of hearing strille the delicate senestrae, SonorOUS membranes and scattered fibres of the vestibulo and labyrinthos the internat ear, and are carried aWay by the son and hard nervos of the seventi, and fifth pairs to the annular protuberance, and thetice to the top of the cortex, Where the contremulation

309쪽

exquisitely than the highest; and perhaps the novitiato Pythagorean disciple, in his three year's Silenue, discernes them more distinctly than Pythagoras himself With his colestiat harmoni es.

Wherelare those sensations are bare modifications of the fibros in the common sensorium Or cortical substance, by means of

that a Way of communication should bo opeued by the adaptation of the constituent paris of the fibre. These sensations, there re, do not constitute the intercoursu belWeen the solitand the body: they are a mere translation DOm an Organ Obnoxious to the modes of the contiguous aura, to a circumferenee,

and lo Whateuer part of it they are Wanted to extend; CΟΠSequently, they do not ascend to a higher degrue, but remniti in their own degree, the fame in Whicli they Were at their entrance. 309. Is then sensations do not ascend and descend, but areonly potared sortii DOm their organs along the nervos tuto ali thelittio cerebellula of the head, or into the cortical spherules, thequestion comes, What is there in sensations that is elevated through tho degees of the brain 3 The mere senses, as hearingand sight, considered in themsolves, partae in Πο respect ofunderstanding Or reason, but are the natural helps and instruments Whicli the intelligent scul mahes use of to apply to itfeliand to represent to others the ideas of iis mind and animus. Besore this can be, found must be articulated and discriminated into Words, euch of Whicli signis es a generat, Spectat, or particular idea; and these again With their mod ais, verbias, nominess, relatives, copulatives, and other things of disserent character, must be distinctly conjoined and punctualed, accord ing to ali the rules os grammar, common place, logic and philosophy, besore any compound idea Or form can result, DomWhicli the foui can draW and elicit a sense Or meaning. Thus the found of the ear, or the image of the eye, is So Ordered, asto sul under tho intuition of the foui, and to ascend DOm degrestio degree, as it Were up the steps of a laddor. Is Wo dulyponder and penetrate these facis, W0 shali sese clearly, that thelarin induced on soli11ds and images by distinet articulations, is in reality disserent Dom sensu considored in iiseis; and that it is RS it Were a sense in sense, uot inherent iu sense, but additional

310쪽

to it, and whicli can exist ei ther conjointly Mith it, Or Separalely, and Without it; or that material sense persorms as it were thepari os an instrument and vehicle. NoW When this intuitivo faculty of the human sout is carrien to stili higher degrees, the

utililio that Which enters by Way of the eye: Wheresore this conception Os Woriis is called imagination, and is in the dogree Dextabove hearing ; as the visual image is above solandes, Or the etherabove the air. Αgain, by farther reflection We observe, that into these images, or objects of the imagination, whicli are the Same as the Objects of memory, there soWs Dom a stili higher