The book of Ratramn, the priest and monk of Corbey, commonly called Bertram, on the body and blood of the Lord : to which is added, an appendix, containing the Saxon homily of Aelfric = Ratramni presbyteri et monachi Corbeiensis, qui vulgo Bertramus

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Censors of Trent, and Guvain, by Sixtus S nensis, Bellarmine, Genebrard, Posserin, Gregory of Valentia, Gretaer, &c. have attacked it With ' every instrument of hostili . Some endeavour in diministi the Author's reputation; others calumniate him M a heretic, destrous of change, 'as a monk Hering against his superi s. The sinit manners of the man, and his isme um touchel throuo go many ages, clearly resute' this. Oiners loudj exesaim, that his Woin is' corrum and interpolateae Against inis, the satin

in many ancient Manuscripta must be tam, and

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PREFACE.

moin mondrous hard at trisses, When they unde tine to prove, that Misamn in this Traci savours the doctrine of the Romish Churin, or, at linat, es not oppose it; Dom Which, neverihelem, it is far distant as the East is Dom the μα What mn they produce Wortis of so hum a promise p' Let these nem champions of Trans stantiation, as far as I am concerneri go on missi it; let them transform Rauamn into Paschasius himself, sor Ι --ld as soon belleve them to one and the fame person, as that Ratram held on this potat' the fame doctrine missi Paschasius, and the R missi Church of the present My. Bellamine against HI authori , and without ainadow of proos, asseris that Ratremn Was the innovator, and risinasius the defender of the Catholicdoctrine, When the fact is ita very reverae q. In his account of Ecclesiastical Writera , he oesy mahes incidental mention of Rauamn undis the head Paschasius,' in these morda: He ΓΡaschasius IV .as the first author Who Wrote in a copious and systematic Way on the truth of the Loraes Bois and Blood in the Eucharist, against Beruam, first brought it into do LVThe Traet is nom universalty admitted is have

been metuen by Batrama, and in ansmer in Pasch sius. The question then remains, Whether he is tobe considerea as holding or Mnying thae doctrine

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viii PREFACE. of Trans stantiation. Here the Romanista them-selves are divided; at one time condemning him, atanother time clatming him as mining With them. Bellarmine's opinion is clear Dom his oWn moros Me quoted. The Tract also standa in the Index os prohibited books, made by the Guncit of Trent, A. D. 1559, and is retianed in more of the succetaing Indices. One publiined at Stra boum, A. D. l609, has a curious judment invenby the Universi of Douay, and approVed by the Censors. This Index is a reprint of a former

Biographer, in his account of Ratram's Trachinues the sonoming version of the passage Although me care not greatly sor this book Berream's, whether it be extant or no, yet bemum it is osten primeri and reis of many, and the heretics know by a catalogue of AN hidden books that he was a Catholic Priest, ' and dear unio Charies the Great L e. the Bald),

and because me comment Mon other Writers of the fame age, and extenuate their errors inem' times by a favour te construction of them, by the fame reason me may allom Beruam, and

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PREFACE.

notes ameri may manifest the true sense and meaning of the Author 'of this principie me find suin instances ast se; invisibio'' is substituted sor visibis, ' and a stan '' explained is accidendi 'Λfher ine genuineneas of the Tract Was put he-yond ali do i by the diseovery of the Μanuscripta, M. Mileam doctor of the Sor nne, publiined ane et transcript of the L ea Manuscrim, and at themme time in an excessively loose French transi tion, has made. ' as Dr. Hophius avo, ' not in much a translation M a eonversion a Bertram.'' In the

o ses Dr. Boileaius artifices. Whether Ratramn mill bear the sense there put upon his may besecta Dom Cauca opinion above Mesed, and the e which has Men made of this Gare in Our omnchurin, both b ore his insection mith Ro in errors, and at the time ine Deed heraeis Dominem.

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atio received in the Maona time, ab e 700 maraam ' Thia Sermon mas appianted in the re n ofine Saxona in he pronouncin to the γπle bes ethey inould receive the Communion on Mater

Τo come in later times. This tract of Ratramnaeems to have Armed a liis in the history of the Engliin Churin, connecting us as .ess at the R formation, as in Saxon times, mitti the viems of Primitive Antiqui . The Ro in doctrine of Trans stantiation Wasretainin in our Churin as embodied in the Mass in throughout the re n of Henry the VIII. . Ridlay Was one of the fidit of our divinea m returned to a Munder judinem on this potat of doctrine. He passed the year 1545 in retirementat his vicarage of Η me, Whither he carried mith

s See Strype, Partar, vol. i. p. 472.

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with more than ordinary care , and the primitive and Catholic doctrine mas accordiΜου em Sed in the first reformed Communion Service of I549. Bp. Ridley himself thus achnoMedged his debito Batramn b ore the Commissionera at ori αA.D. 1555. Here I Would beg you, Reverend Sirs, y- Μr.' Prolocutor, and you the other Commissionera,' diam to undercland that I do reat not oesy on inose inius Which heres ore I have Wruten in semer responsions and confirmations, but that I have also sor confirmation of my opinion Whab ver Bertram hath mrit, a man 1 med and ' orthodox, and ever accounted Catholic sor these' 7oo years untii this our age. His Trach Wh ever Win rein and weio, considering the age of the writer, his learnium Ddliness, alleg tions os ancient Fathres, and his manisold and 'meighty arguments, Ι cannot but very much marvet, hom he can With a good conscience, E he sear God, speis against him in inis' matter of the Eucharisti This man was the ειαμ that pulled me by the ear, and forced me Dom the common error of the Roman Churin, to a' more diligent search of Scripture and Ecclesiastu I Writers on this matter; and these inius I spe

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Here are ino old Engliin translations in the Bodleiam Min the dates 1548 and 1549. There Was a translation made in 1623 by Sir Humphreylande, and reprimed in l686. m. mphina, Canon os Worcester, publiinin imo editions of the texi, with an English translation; the εια in 1686, thelauer in 1688, after Dr. Bosseau's edition had -- ared, missi the Appendix hefore resereω to.

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I. You have bidden me, o glorious Hince, tomise known in your Μ es , What I think touchingine mystery of the Body and Blood of Christ. Acommand no less Worthy of your magnificent and princely estate, than difficult for my poor abili . For What can be more Woriny of a Ρrince, inanto tine care that he himself be Catholic in his judgment, concerning the sacred mysteries of Ηim, o hath Mimed in commit to him his hinglythrone, and is endure not that his subjecis inould think diversely concerning the Body of Christ, in thel which it is certain that the whiae sum os Christians redemption doth consist y II. FG whilst some of the fiathsul say, that the Diffar-

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Wit, but fouoming the aleps of the Holy Fathera. V. Youn excellent Majesty inquireth, Whether State os the Body and Blaod is Christ, which in the Churin is tinen by the mouin of the satinsul, in linobe male so in a mystery or in truth; that is, . ther it containeth any hidden thium .hich lieth