장음표시 사용
161쪽
bdella monostriata as having duplication of the male and se male Organs, the male atria ea ch haVing a Single Cornu. The det alled accounts of duplication Os the median regions in the repro
dymis is associaled with a well-formed supplementary male median region anterior to thenormal levet.
2. ANDRE Ι 899 : a duplication of the male genital apparatus in H. medicinalis. 3. BOUR QUIN 19063: a duplication of the se male system in H. medicinaIis v. Fig. 1, Α). The lest ovary is in XII, iis oviduci connecting to a duci hom the right vas defens, the two form-ing a combined duci joining subterminalty to a vagina at the normal gomitat levet, the combinedduci having the relationships of a common oviduci. The right OVary in XIII, continuing asa single oviduct whicli j Oins subterminalty to a vagina posterior in XIII. The combined ductiti XII and the oviduci in XIII, both enclosed in albumin glands 3 ag also the connection to the male duci in XII). The male system normal, excepting Iaching a right testis at XIII XIV, and the connec-tion of the right vas deferens to the oviduci in XII. Both vasa deferentia entering XI, ea cli forming an epidi dymis in XΙ, which joints by
an ejaculatory duci to a normal male median region at this levet. 4. ΒΗΑΤΝAGAB and SHRIVASTAVA 19663: a sOmewhat similar abnormality in a Ieechwhicli, following ΒΗΑΤΙΑ, they assign to Hirudinaria granulosa SAVIGNY3. The lest ovary is anterior in XII, connecting by a very ghori oviduet to the bage of the large vaginat caecum which jOing the genital burga Opening at the genital pore ut this levet. The right ovary is anterior in XIII, connecting by a ghori Oviduci to the bage of a large vaginalcaecum terminating at the burga and genital pore at this levet. Both female pores appear tobe essentialty median. A pair of testes at XΙΙΙ XIV stlown as anterior in XIV, , ea ch connecis to a Vas deferens. The Iest vas deferens extends into XI, forming an epididymis in XΙ whicli is connected by an ejaculatory duci to a prostate covered atrium continuous with a ghori penis-gheath joining the male burga and pore in XI. The right vas deferens fornis an epididymis in XII, connected by a ghori ΡejaculatoryductV to the base of the vaginat caecum in XII, i. e. in the fame maniter ag does the len Oviduci.
The ab normality I describe here is a duplication of the male median region, burSa, and genital pore in CedbdeIIa singularis RICHARD SON, I9TS,a 2-jawed 4- annulate tand-le ech Letobdellinae) collected by Professor R. H. Ν.BULΜER, the University of Auckland , New Zealand , in the Κatronk Valley, Schrader Range, Papua, New Guine R. On the venter Fig. I, B), there is a male pore to the right of the mid line, an Other to the lest, the two narrowly Spaced, symmetricat, both situ aled in XΙ bi, the typical position for the male pore in this Specie S.
Their description is based on 26 preanal gomites. Το simpliis comparison, I conVert the enumeration of the gomites to that for 27 preanal somites. Their figure Ahows a dissectionrecogniZable as Dom the dorsal a speci, and Ι refer to test and right in terms of the figure, and not their indications. The morphology of the reproductive systems as Shown Conforms to the jar anicalman illensis complex as known to me in dissections in this group. and I describe themedian regioris in ternis of this morphology, i. e. the female median region a S a Very large heavy-walled vaginat caecum as can be seen in MO OBE, 1927, Fig. 533.
Aeta Mologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 22, 2976
162쪽
Dissection Ahows the male patred SyStem a S normal, the teStes arrange din the usual manner, the most anterior Bair at XΙΙΙlXIV; each connectitigby a vas efferens to a Vas deferens Whicli extendS anteriorly in each para medians planchnic chamber into the posterior half Of XI Where the vasa deferentia turn mediatly to enter the median chamber. Each male patred duci then
Acta Mologica Acadomine Seientiarum Hungaricae 22, I976
163쪽
duci occupying the initiat recurrent anil terminal procurrent linitis of eachlOOP. The Sperm duci reduceS abruptly to heco me a Short ejaculatory duci connecting to the Ventral portion Of the anterior aspect of a male atrium On the Same Alde of the mi illine.
The duplicated male median regio 118 Fig. I, C in are symmetricat; Similar
The semate system is normal; the se male pore at XII b be, the typical
The ab normali ty in C. singularis is Similar to, and of the fame Order asin th e case described by ANDRE: a symmetrical duplication os the male median region in XI, i. e. at the normat Somitat levet. Moo RE S c age is essentialty of this ordor; as also ΚοSEL's case but with the ad ded se ature that there is duplication of hoth male alid se male median regions in the One Specimen. These are os a lower levet os ah normality than in the case described by ΗΛRVEY - GIBSON, in Whicli the right epididymis and a Suppletneniary male median region are formed in X, i. e. a duplication Os the male median regionand of the epidi lymis in a somite anterior to the normal levet. This exhibiis Se condary RSymmetry. The cases described by BOURQUIN and by B HATNAGAR and SHRIVASTAVA, have basio similari ty. There is duplication of the se male median region with Se condary aSymmetry RSSOciat ed with an ab normal connection Os the male patred duci to the se male median region. In both cases, there is a dis placement posteriorly Of the right ovary fromXΙΙ, the normal somitat levet, into XIII. This ovary connects by an OViductio a formed se male median region in this somite. The lest ovary in XII is associa ted with an essentialty normal se male median region. The formed se male median regions are Of the nature typical of the species. In both cases, the right male patred duci connecis to the se male median region in XII, i. e. On the Side lacking an OVary.
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungarieae 22, I976
164쪽
the epididymi connecting to the male median region. There is an acceSSOrynovel connection DO in the right vas deserens in XII to the se male mediati region, the connection jOining to it in the manner Os an Oviduci. In BΗΛΤNAGAR and SHRIVASTAVA'S case, both te SteS are Pre Sent ut XIIIlXIV. The lest vas deferens fornis an epididymis in XI whicli connecisto a normal male median region in XI. The right vas deferens fornis an epidi-dymis in XI whicli connecis to a normal male median region in XI. The right vas deserens fornis an epididymis in X ΙΙ whicli connecis to the se male median region in XII in the fame manner as an Ovidiici, and the right male patre diluci does not extend into XI. The dis placenient of one Ovary into somite XIII, the formation Os a male median region in association with this ovary, the formation os a se male median region in associati an with the Ovary in XII, and the connection of the male patred duci of the fame Side as the dis placed ovary, to the se male median region in XII, place both these cases at a high levet os ab normali ty. Analysis Os these ab normalities can be commenoed in ternis of the comparative morphol Ogy of the reproductive Systems in Hirudinea. The simplest adult forni is a single P air of tubular ovaries connectingdirectly so me Glossiphontidae, Some Piscicolidae), Or Saecular ovarieS ORChconnecting by an Ovidiici Gastro StOm Obdellidae, Americ Obdellidae, A me ErpObdellidae S. I., ecl. in to an area in the hody wali differentialed as a b ursa Opening at the genital pore. There iS no recogniZable formed functional median
There is a parallel to this in the male System in Some euthylae muto IS leeches e. g. Macrobdellidae - Philaemon; Gastrostomotidellidae - Κuma-
bdella, Orobdella) in Whicli vasa deferentia jo in directly and independently to
Λs a stightly higher levet, the se male system is elaborat ed in others hythe junction os the ovi lucis to form an atrium connecting directly to the burSa, the atrium heing the simplest form of the median region. The atrium may be thin-walled, lacking organiZed layers of musculartissue so me Glossiphontidae, Piscicolidae, barbronids, ornithobdellidae, etc.),
Acta Mologiea Academiae Seiontiarum Hungaricae 22, 2976
165쪽
The iam ale patred System exigis Only aS a Single P air of OvarieS, Withor Without oviducis. The male patred System, equivalent morphologicalty to the se male patred System, consists of a right and a lest duci, each extendingPOSteriorly and each connecting to a Series Os testes, One at each interso mit allevet in most Hirudine a), or multiple testes ErΡObdellidae S. S.; GaStrostomObdellidae; Macrobdellidae - Potamobdella, Pintobdella; etc. 3. Since it is not possitile to assess fro in the literature the nature of the termination Of the patred ducis in SO me grOuPS, a complete SurVey cannot bemade at this time. The above is adequale to demonstrate a comparative morphology of the reproductive systems in Hirudinea in terms of levets of organigation whichreflect development. It demonstrates the basic similarity in the fundamentalmorphology of the male and se male SyStemS.It is significant in Showing the sporadio occurretice of the lower leveis Of Organination in the se male, or male, or in both systems in rhynchobdellid, StrePSilae matOuS, and euthylaematous te eches, in genera and in families whichare widely Separated Systematically. There is eviden e here for the existence Os primary morpho gente ProceSSUS of the fame nature in the male and in the se male SyStems. On the ab ove basis and the evidelice in the ab normalities describe dhere, it is propos ed that the genital primordia are initialty Sexuatly Separated, the male anterior to the iam ale, each patred, the patrs bilaterat anil connect-ing transversely early in development. A median attachment of this transverse connection to the b Ody Wallevocates the formation Os the genital burga and ΡOre. I he genital primordia acting as an organiger, brings ab Out the develo P merit Os a median region conformatile to the sex of the primordia and the mor-Ρhology of the SpecieS. The case described by ANDRΕ and the case describe d here sor C. singularis, are Similar, ea ch a duplication of the male median region and genital Pore ut the normal somitat levet. In ternis of the ab ove propos at, the duplicatiori expresses a fallure in the est ablishment of the transverse connection belWe enthe right and len male primordia, the independent primordia each still retaining the capacity to evocate a burSa and pore on iis Own Side, and to OrguntZe
Acta Mologica Academiae Seientiarum Hungarieae 22, I976
166쪽
ΗΛRVEY - GIBSON's case demonstrates this and goes further. It shows that with the primordia re maining independent, a male primordium transpo Sed om iis normal somitat levet to an anterior Somite retaing the capacity to evocate a b ursa and a pore in the alien Somite, aS alSO the capacity to organiZean essentialty typicat male median region. The two cases of BOURQUIN and of B HATNAGAR and SHRIVASTAVA, SuΡ-pori the hypothesis With eXamples in the femat reproductive System. In both, the len se male genital primordium re maining ut the normalso mital levet est ablishes a b ursa and genital pore and brings ab Out the formation os a typical median region. In both, the right se male genital primordium is sit ined Dom iis normallevet posteriorly to the solio ving Somite. A genital burga and pore aS also a se male median region Os the morphology typical of the species, are formed in
this alien Somite. The evidence given here comes hom Systematically unrelated species with different kinds of male and se male median regionS, With ab normality at dissering leveis and of the fame nature On both male and se male reproductive
The known early development of the se male reproductive SyStem Pro vides a basis for the recognition of the primary aberration te ading to the deves Iopment of these ab normalitieS. The ab ormalities demonstrate the evocator and OrganiZer functionsos se male genital primordia in the development of the bursa, pore, and median region . Similar developinental processes are demonstrated in the male SyStem. The eviden e in comparative morphology as also in these terato logicaleXamples supporis the conclusion that the male genital primordia are est ab Iished in the fame manner and have the Same functions as the se male genitalprimordia. This differs Dom the long accepted understanding of the develop mentos the male System. The testes vere recogniZed us Serialty repetitive Somital Organs, each a ' coelo mi OV Sae enclo Sing Spermato genie ti8Sue; eaeli Sac evaginat-ing to form a Vas efferens; the vaSa efferentia j Oining to forni a vas deferens; the vasa deserentia extending anteriOrly to jo in the genital bursa. I have not seen a firm substantiation of this propos al. Ιt originaled in relation to gono coel and similar interpretations of the Origin Of the coelom, and at a time when the testes Here recogniZod as Somital Organs; hut this was with in the somitat limits of WΗΙΤΜAN. It has not been reconsidered in relation to the interso mital nature of the testes as est ablished by Moo RE and sully substantiated by Other WorkerS. The propos at has alwayS been a solirce of difficulties. It does not offer
aeta MOIogica Academiae Scientiarum Hungarieae 22, 2976
167쪽
a morphological basis for the somital stabili ty of the male pore, Which is of the Same Order as for the iam ale pore. The development of the testes is notassocialed with the develoi'ment of the nephridia; etc. There is no difficulty in the development of the male patred system Domgenital primordia similar to the se male genital primordia, and situ aled in AOmite XI. The male patred system Would develop from the male genital primordia
in the manner known in many invertebrates, Loth coelomate and non-COel male, i. e. by the extension Os a male duci poSteriorly DOm a primordium, theduci carrying Spermato genio tiSSue whicli est ablishes the repetitive testes at intergo mital leveis or clos e to these levets. The diversity in the number and forni of the testes in disserent groups Os Hirudinea SupportS thiS prOPOSal. There is an an atomicat has is favo uring the PropoSal. The Vasa deferentia extend along the relatively narrow para median Splanchnic chamber. The VaSaesserentia pa88 through the para median palis ade Os dors Oventral muscies into the more Spaei aus median splanchnic chamber Whicli is more guttatile for thegrowth of the testes. Anteriori y the vasa deserentia paSS through the para- mediati palis ade in XI to enter the median chamber. These an atomicat relationships indicate a relatively late developinent of the male patred SyStem. It is typical that the most anterior pair of testes is at XIIIlXIV, withia ne in the iam ale SOmite. BOURQUIN'S case Shows suppression of the right testis at XIIIlXIV in the presence of a right Ovary in XIII. Develoi' mentally, this is indicative os inhibition the se male primordium dominant; or relatatile to the earlier est ah lishment of the se male primordium and the utiliZation of the VaScular Supply, irinervation, etc., avult able On the right at this levet heiare the extension of the right male patred duci through this levet. The novel connection hetween the right vas deserens and the se male median region cannot be assessed with confidelice in BOURQUIN 's case. It mayriot he an actuat connection; or is so, it could he an extension os the duci Domthe lest ovary in response to the temporary PreSence of Spermatogenie tiSSueat this levet. The novel connecti an os the anterior end of the right male patred ductio the se male median region in XII in ΒΗΛΤΝΛGAR and SHRIVASTAVA's casecun he assessed with confidelice.
The right se male primordium sit ining while stili independent froni XΙΙinto XIII, sortiis a se male median region in this Somite. The right male genitalprimordium sit isting whilo stili independent from XI into XII, patrs thon withthe lest se male primordium, and a transverse connection devel OPS Letween
The right male genital primordium develops a right male patred ducte Stending posterioriy, providing sor the transfer of Spermatogenie tiSSue away
Aeta Molagiea Aeademiae Seientiarum Hungarieae 22, I976
168쪽
163Dom XII. The inta et se male genital primordium in XII be comes dominant
vitii the capacity to organige a typical se male median region. The persistence of the male connection to the se male median regionmay be an eXΡres Sion Os phy8iological necessity, a provision for the ouilet osse cretion S DOm the right male SyStem, Whicli as eXOcrine Could be expecte dio degenerate without such an Outiet. Since the authors do not reser to any dissereno es between the testes on the right and the lest, and a right epidi dymis is formed in XII, it would se em that the testes of this si de re main functionat.
Acta MOImica Academiae Scientiarum Hungarieae 22, I976
170쪽
Embryonio developnient and the structure Os miracidia of Severat representatives of flukes have been studied so far by different authors Looss,