장음표시 사용
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in sinat lar RSOS.12. A nother important distinction Canae frona lae great unalberan variet os lae matters deali vitia in the Soloni C law, conapared villa the ex genera principies laid do vn in lae U. S. Constitution Thisimultiplied the cases of Conflict real or supposed os decrees vitia laxus, and na aderit imore difficultri avoid Conflicis in propos in decrees. An many of these Consti is relate far es t Seriotis questiones of la vilian to peti de talis o legislation. The vide ange of questions vitii viai Cla the γραφὴ παρανόμων imight hie Coia Cerned, and the facili ty lausastorde so findita legat axus in alnaos an decree, tenapte un- principiet naen to se lae proces to vent thei spite against personalenenates, an to stolino retard legislation vlii Ch lae Couldio ollaei Nise CheCh. V see in deed, a decide degeneration in the conduci sola is proces frona the ea lier to the later Cases A ibi e cona parison os the arguiment in these cases vili iliti strat thi S. In the ear 355, 353, an l
τω κε μένων τό, τὰς γραφα εἶναι κατ αὐτου κατα τον νόμον ὁ κεῖται ἐάν το μὴ
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de re of me eo ple is dolita illegat.
o Androtion is declare to the ne of tiae clas known to lae a vas οἱ αἰσχρῶς βεβιωκότες, vli are sorbidden to speat in the Assennbi,
the refore his decree is illegat. t f The ather of Androtion is aid o have diei in det, to thestate, and therefore t have been ἄτιμος This ἀτιμία descend to his Son, vlio, a the debi is not et Pald, a no right to speat in the Assena bl3 . 3 In the fars Assenalesy of 353 352 B C. When the regularεπιχειροτονια των νόμων Ool Place, it vas vote that a specia boari os νομοθέται hould nae et the ex clay to devis naean sor celebriit ingilie cona in Panathenai festival Tina ocrates appeared et ore thisboard and pirapo Sed a nexu a v, en acting that is any public debior has finem or hali hereas ter be Condena ne to imprisoniment as an additionalpunishna erat προστίμημα), he hali e released on iv in Securi ty Satisfactor to the eopte for the payinentis his debi. The objec os his
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d The lax foribi is any one to petitio the Senate or the Asse nably
H The lax o Tilmocrates Creates a frivilegiunt, as it granis privileges to Soni but exCludes thers, whiCh the Soloni labi forti id s. 4 In 352 Bae Demostiaenes vrote a speecla sor ut layCles, who indicte a decree o Aristocrates, providin that any one via kille thegenera o Imercenarie and Dee booter, Charidenatis, hould lbe ulla ved αγωγιμος in ali the dominion o Athens. The legat arguiment here 18-94 is speciali lin portant. The orator itote the , renter Parto the Draconi la vis hornicide expotin liniit arefully, and ho vinglio v the bili of Aristocrates violates it in ali nos every articular. IV learn stor this argument that the Draconi lax deal chien xvithprovision sor protecting the ouitCide frona the earlier ulla Iur3 vhi ChAristoCrates nox PropoSed to re-esta isti legat ly, and fora, ringin hinaiinde the juris lictioni Couris and the protectio of the a. v.
When ive Corne frona these legat arguatenis to the speech of Aeschines against Ctesiphon, verare struct at OnCe, in the greater Parto it l)y the alimos tota absen Ce of al tha naalce the γραφη παρανόμων vorthyi iis nanae. AesChines devote les than a tenti, of his speeclito a Strictib legat arguiment, that on the responsibilit os Delmosthenes asin imagistrate this is the strongest though also the snaallest poliat in his argument, an he lalborates it vitii great sicili an Cogent reasoning. He also Spealc more brae' of another legat poliat, the question of the place of pro lana atton but his concern a lax of vhicli Ne ave ille knowledge. The reater par of the speecli is talcen se vitii a imost abSurd atteaipt to Connec his generat account of the public lis and the Character os Demosthenes vitii his legat argument. He Charges thereserenCes o Delmosthenes in Ctesiphon' decree, in xvhich e is sat dio se et the best interest of thens in ali that he says and oes, with
is his imos elaborate argument, the one o whiCh e imos depentis. It is albsurit o suppos that the la v in question hac an referen C to acas like this this vould have exposed ver persona Cona plinaen in laudator deCree o public prosecution at an one' xviii. It Clearly
relate Pio mali ious and fraudulent salsificatio of the public record in the Metrouia by ad ling, erasing or Chanong. And et his is l)rought for vard oberi Gad earn est ly by Aeschines as a legat arguiment in stippor of his indictiment ours Dentosthenes, a the defendant's
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advocate, vas botin to reply to the laintiis' argutarent, so laat cannot atri Conapare his later vitii his earlier reati Dent of the γραφηπαρανομων. ut the Cas against Ctesiplaon, as Aeschines present scit, is in stri hin Contrast to the Cases against Leptines an Pother as Dena ostiaene present then4.13. inalty ilhere vas a lax provi ling that any one ullo vasthm C Condena nec in the γραφη παρανόμων sh ohil l forsei the right topropOSeoneaSures in lae Senate or Asse nably.
State as a undred iminas 1: talenis)'. He also lael thesina portant office of superintendent of the Theori Fhin i, which Aeschines saysare tham inae include nearly the whole a liministration of tiae state '
gi veri vo wrong nanae so the archon. AeSCh. III. 7, 23, 3I Dein Cor. II 3, 3- τον κυκλον o IIειραι in Vit. X. Oiat. 8 5 and 85 c decreet, δύο τάφρους περὶ τον Πειραι ταφρεύσας init Statingine inolint give a three talents. Se a decree sor repatring the walis, assed a se vyears later, in C. I. Att. H. o. 67.
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It was gratitude for his reat public services in these ostices an soriis generoris gift, togetlher ivitii lae in Creasin confiden e in lais statesimanshipand patriolis ira, viai Cla fi ad reCently l)een expresSed in his appo in timentio deli verritae funera oration on hos xvlio sel a Cthaeronea ahat Cati sed
his politica frien d to propos to crown hina in the meatre at the reat Dionysia in ille pring of 336, is a naarii of the putat approbation flais vliole politicalis e a Ctesiption accordingi propoSed a bili in the Senate to Cro via
against Ctesiphon, Chargin lais ibit xv ith flegali ty. his naade it
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lihel, to l)e napanelle l. 4. lae προβουλευμα of the Senate concerning the Cro via laad legali 3 expirect at lae en of the ear 337 336 '. his vas Prohialiij notre ne ved tinti aster lae tria l. The fience sor vlai Cla Ctesiphon vas indi Cted vas Coiuina it ted viaen e proposed his bili in 336, and lais offence vas in no ab naitiga ted by lae subsequent expiration of the acto the Senate. A rene val of the Sirme decree uould proh alit 3 laave been illegat viaile it vas suspen led unde indictalent the proposal os nexu de Cre in a different orna votii have require t a ne v indictiment
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to prevent it frona bein Carried to the Assenales and assed like any other προβούλευμα. The long-delayed tria brought to thens reatnuimber of visitor froni alliaris of GreeCe who vere ager o vi inessiliis final contes bet veen the rival orators' The audience of citi gens an Stranger xvhicla stirrounde the Cour probat, ly si fere litti Donathat whicla uould laavearee ted Dei Dosthenes in the Dionysi ac laeatre fhis Crown laad the been proclainaed. It an hard lyrae doulbted thattiae crow of isteners vere a deepi movet hi ita earia est eloquenCeo Denaosthenes a the Judges, and that the would gladi have follo ved the colam: in ivin hina more t laan mur-fiftlas of thei voteS. 5. The da wa divide in to three paris, as vas ustia on theorialo a γραφη παρανόμων, ari qua ana Ount of vate hieing oured in to the clepsydra forolae plaintis fland the defendant, an ab sird a sim allerat nolint in Case of the Convictionis the defendant for the assessi nent of the penalty τίμησις, . The largest anaorint of va ter xviii Ch is inentione is hiat assigne to ach lea in the γρυιφη παραπρεσβειας II ἀμφορεῖς, abo ut Io gallon s), and thisci probabi thema axi intuor. Thespeech o Delmosthenes against Aeschines in his suit XIX. his the longestthat we have. That on the Cro uncis nauCh horter, but longer than any of the ther delivere in a γραφη παρανόμων ve ima Prestin)e that theorator here sed ali of his time. Aeschines, a plaintist , Spolce iii St; asteriis arguiment, the Coiari malle on Ctesiphon a defendant, o rei ly. He prol)abi repeate a hort speeCh CoiDposed for in by Denaosthenes, and then sice leave of the Courto cal on Denaosthene S, Shis advocate, to sinisti his deflance'. StriCtly, ach part to the fuit vas requiret to lead his o vn cause or is e Callec in advoCates, SAesChines unan)one Eubulus, hoCion, and thers o suppori in in the fuit for false legation toto this at the enclis an elaborate arguimento his xvia'. ut here, as Denaosthenes vas the ea defendant, it vota loliave been absurd o objecto his argu in the case in fuit That theproCedtire vas in usual S horun by the audaciolis attenapi of Aeschinesto in luce the oriri to refus Denaosthenes alearing '' anci his arguiment
Aesch. III. 56 ἐναντίον των δικαστῶν καὶ των ἄλλων πολιτῶν, και τῶν Ἐλλήνων. . . . Oρω δε οὐκ ὀλίγους παρbντας, ἀλλ' oσolis of δεὶς πίποτε μέμνηται προ ἀγῶνα δημόσιον
Id. 97: Harpocration uncter διαμεμετρημένη μέρα. Id. II. 26: πρις ενδεκα γὰρ αμφορέα ἐν διαμεμετρημένη τη μέρα κρίνομαι. Id. III. O ἐπειδαν προελθον ενταυθοῖ Κτησιφῶν διεξέλθη πρos μα τοὐτ ὁ το
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on his pol ni ho v that lae Cotiri laad a legat right to restis to laeat an, eXCeptra lae parties to the fuit. ut the great audience , no Coni toli ear Ctesiphon, and we aear of no hirther attenapirio intersere vitii theargi inaen o Delmosthenes. The orator prol ably leti vered lais fana otis spe ecla substantialty in the orna in viii Ch it has Conae do vn to Sy. 6. laen the arguiments vere sinis laed the udges Votec on lae lueStion o Convictin Ctesiption and the result vas a tri una Plia iit acquitia IIJ imore than Mur si filis of the votes . I lais Stilbjecte lAesChines to the two penalties of inali Ciotis prosectition a fine os a
The speecla os Dentosthenes is universali prat se dis a confinia nante ric ait. When xx e thini. of the tremeti lotis stalce viaich lae ad at ii sic in lae case aiulienaeinber that ii liad Six ears' varia in os lae cit, is vlaicli vas ure to conie ooneror later, i Seeiaas ilicredibi ita a lae laould have est lae et alborationis his , Peecla toan extento niture levi Sion. In lae Speecla os esciat ne sol aere are Micli delinite adusion to passages in the repl os DenioSthenes, iliat ve cannot escape the conclusion ita at lae are later ad litions. Tliere is notia in in lae speecla os Dentostiaenes vilicia is impossibi or even sti ange in arae pl3 . I have trieci to lao v laat xvirat lia, Sonietinae hieen inistalcen formonsusion in lae nareative partis his speecla is reatly the resultis the higilest ar in the arrangena entis his arguiment se Essa I. P. I O .
Plut . Dena. 2 Q υτ λαμπρως πελυσαν στε το πέμπτον μέρος των ψήφων
Αἰσχίνην μη μεταλαβεῖν. s. Dena Cor. 82. 266. . Harpocr. unde ἐάν τις ἐάν τις γραψάμενos μη μεταλάβη τι πέμπτον μέρος των ψηφων, ὀφλισκάνει χιλία και πρισεστιν ἁτιμία τις Tlaeoptarastus in Schol. to I eira. P. 593 l . a id to this explaining τιμία oων τ ἐξεῖναι μῆτε γράψασθαι παρανόμων μήτε φαίνειν μήτε φηγKσθαι. s. Pod. ILI. 3. Philostr. Vii. OPla. I. I 8, 3: Αθηνων δ' πεξηλθεν Αἰσχίνης οὐχὶ φευγειν προσταχθεὶς, ὰλλ' τιμί εξιστάμενος, η πηγετο πο Δημοσθένει και Κτησιφῶντι εκπεσὐν των ψήφων. The recis nati ire of the palliat τιμία here nientioned is incertain. The albove quotation sic ni TheophraStiis HGulal seen to inipi that it consisted in the los os the right o bring the specia sorii os γραφή in xvhicli e vas deseated a γραφὴ παρανιμων. γραφὴ παραπρεσβείας or an os the laectilia sornas like φάσις, εἰσαγγελία, ἔνδειξις et C. Whicli are clas e t vitii γραφαί se Poll. Ita. o, i . latit Sire Anci Oc. I. 76. ἐτέροις οὐκ ν γράψασθαι, τοῖς δ ενδεῖξαι, 1 here γράψασθαι voti l seen to include ali γραφαί. The Sanae vi exv is si pol tecto, Dena. XX H. 9, μαν τις ἐπιξιοῦν μὴ μεταλάβη τοπέμπτον μέρος των ψήφων, ἐφ' οἶς oi νιμοι κελεύοi σι το λοιπον μὴ γράφεσθαι μηδὰπάγειν μηδ' ἐφηγεῖσθαι on the whole I an inclinec to thini tinat Theophrastiis I more eXac in hi, expression γράψασθαι παραν ὁμων and that a sina ita qualificationis iniplied in the other passages, o that the ἄτιμο x Mul l Mi sei lais right to bring the sanae orian os γραφὴ in xvhicli e uas de ate i. Other vise a plaintis ullo alte i toreceive a fifth os the voles in the snaalles icinit os γραφὴ vovi l lose the right ringat γραφαί, vhil one Whocios an ἔνδειξις or an εἰσαγγελi Moii ld Ose only the rightto bring this unusta a soria os pul)lic suit.
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Rhodes, where e is sa id to have theen a ea her of etorio in his lateryears'. Aster suci a deCisive Vindication o Dei Dosthenes, laere an beno doulbi uia his mend rene ve in the Senate lae bili for cro vning hina and that thi Was pro in ptly a SSed in iboth Senate an Asseinis1 in inae sor lae orator o receive his Oiden Cro via vitia enthusiastic applauserat the rea Dion 'sta of 329. IV.
os en ostiaene a his CC user, have an important ibearing on the discussion of the eaCe in the orations of AesChine and Dena ostiaenesthirteen ear later. The sui against AesClaines vas te lani ali calle l
Aeschines, lihe very the offiCer of state, vas require to passie re
Plut Dein et Q εὐθύ ἐκ της πιλεως es χετ' ἀπιον, καὶ περὶ Ρόδον κα Πωνίαν σοφιστεύων κατεβίωσε. u. X. Orat. 8 o Q πάρα εἰς την ' Ρόδον, ἐνταὐθα σχολην καταστησάμενος ἐδίδασκεν. 'ille leachin a Rhodes, Aesciat ne is alii to have eadliis speech against Ctesiphon to a laocli an aiulience and rilaen ali uere astonislied that te vas deseate Master o elo nient a lea, lae replied οὐκ αν ἐθαυμάζετε, Pbδιοι, εἰ προς αὐτα Δημοσθένους λεγοντος κούσατε. it. X. Orat thiid. Ollaei versions os thestor give his ans ver, εἰ κούσατε του θηρίου ἐκείνου, οὐκ αν μῖν τοὐτο πbρητο. See laot Bi . o. I. Roinan writeis, a Cicero de Orat. I. 56ὶ relate matthe laodians, after laearing the speecla of Aeschines, ast tecto laea the repl os Dei nostiaenes : Ilain cuna sitavissi ima et inaxina Voce les isset, adimiranti I iis onani Itis, Ouanto,' inquit inagis nairai enaini si alidissetis ipsit ira V Di Inus ad Anal D. I. Io p. 737 . mader the arctaon Shi P o Pythodotu. 3 3 -3 ch: καὶ τον κατ' Αἰσχίνου συνετάξατο λογον, ὁ τε τὰς εὐθύνας δίδου τῆς δευτέρας πρεσβείας τῆς επὶ τοι/ς ορκους Hypotia. 2, mi, i Dena. XIX. μαθόντες οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι την των Φωκεω ὰπίλειαν, ... μετα τρία ἔτη εἰσηλθεν ὁ Δημοσθένης κατηγορήσων Αἰσχίνου. See Scia ae fer II. 383. I lia osten been do te laether the case ver canae O mal, et est thecause os a dolint os Plutarch Dena. 15ὶ ὁ δε κατ' Αἰσχίνου τῆς παραπρεσβείας ἁδηλον εἰ λέλεκται καίτοι φησιν δομενεύς παρὰ τριάκοντα μόνα τιν ισχίνην ἀποφυγεῖν. For Pliatai h s Offection, that ei thei orator naentions lae triat in me Speecthe on the ro via se note on Coi . I ast See also note 6, g 7, P. 337. Eor εύθυναι a. a Mina os legat process, se Meter and Scholmaian, P. 257 269.