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himself; anil, after mali ing the experiment, notonly recovered his health, but perceived otheriises ut qualities in that liquor; such as reli eving the head-ach, enlivening the spiriis, and, without prejudice to the constitution, preventing drowsii-ness. This last quality he resolved to turn to theaduantage of his profession: he took it himself,
and recommended it to the Dervises, or religiolis Mahomelans, to enable them to passi the night in prayer, and other exercises of their religion, with greater Zeal and attention. The exampleand authori ty of the Musti gave reputation to Cossee. Soon men os letters, and persons be-
longing to the laW, adopted the use of it. Thesewere followed by the tradesmen. and artisens that were Under a necessity of Working in thenight, and sicli as Were obliged to travel late after sun siet. At tength the custom becariae generat in Aden; and it Was not only drank in the
agreeable qualities. The Arabian author adds, that they found
he Tea, though the Arabian author gives us no particular reason to thinii so. Besore this time Cossee was scarce known in
Persia, and very litile used in Arabia, Where thetree greW; buti according to Schehabeddin, it
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had been drank in AEthiopia frona time imm Omorial.
Comee being thias received at Aden, where ithas continued in Use ever since without interruption, passed by degrees to many neighbouringtoWns, and not long after reached Mecca, Whergit was introduced, as at Aden, by the Dervises, and sor the fame purposses of religion. The inhabitants of Mecca were at last se fondos this liquor, that, Without regar ling the intention of the religious, and other studio is persons, caey at lengili drank it publicly in coffee-houses, Where they assembled in crowds to pals the timeagreeably, malaing that the preteiace: here theyplayed at chess, and such other kind of games, and that even sor money. In these hous es theyamused thenaseives lihewise With singing, dancinnand Π sic, contrary to the manners of the rigidMahomelans, whicli asterwariis Was the occasionos sonae disturbances. From hence the customextended itself to many other towns of Arabia,
and particularly to Medina, and then to GrandCairo in Egypt ι Where the Dervises of the province of Υemen, Who lived in a district by them selves, drank Cossee the nighis they intended tos pend in devotion. They kept it in a large redearthen vesset, and received it respecti ully si omthe hand of their superior, who poured it orat intocups sor them himself. He was soon imitated by many devotit people of Cairo, and their example followed by tne studious; and aster ards by so
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many people, that Costee became as Common ad rinii in that great city, as at Aden, Mecca, and Medina, and other cities of Arabia. But at letagili the rigid Mahometans beganto dis approve the use of Costee, as occasioning frequent di sorders, and too nearly resemblingwine in iis estes s ; the di in Ling of whicli is contrary to the tenets of their religion. Govern-ment Was theres ore obliged to intersere, and attimes restrain the use of it. However, it hadbeco me so universalty liked, that it was foundas terwards nece lary to talae OT ali restraint for
Cossee continued iis pro resse through Syria, and was received at Damascus and Aleppo with out opposition : and in the year Iss , Under therei gn of the great Soli man, one hundred yearsa ter iis introduction by the musti of Aden, be came known to the inhabitants of Constantinople ; When tWo PriVate persons, whose nam eswere Schems and Heliin, the one comisag from Damascus, and the other from Aleppo, eachos ened a Colne-hou se in Constantinople, and
elegant manner; Which Were presently frequented by men of learn in g, and particularly
poets and Other person S, Who Carne to amus e
These houses and assem biles insensi bly becameso much in Vogue, that they Were frequented by
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people of ali profections, and even by the ossicersos the seragito, the paclias, and persons of the
the Cossee-houses were fuit os company. The deruises and the religious orders mUrmured, and the preachers declaimed against them, assertingiliat it was a less sin to go to a TaVern than to a
tion of COTee, and determined to present to themusti a petition sor that pui pose ; in whicli theyadvanced, that roasted Comee was a Lind of coal, and that what had any relation to Coat was sor-bid by law. They destred him to determine onthis matter according to the duty of his ossice. The clites of ille laW, without elatering mhichinto the question, gave fuch a decision as theywimed sor, and pronounced that the di in hing of COTee was contrary to the la r of Mahomet.
So respectabie is the authori ty of the musti, that nobody dared to find sauit With his sentence. Immediately ali the Corie-houses were iuut, and the ossicers of the police Were commandestio prevent any one frona di inhing Collee. However, the habit Was become so strong, and theti se of it so generalty agree able, that the peopte continued, notwithstanding ali prohibilitans, todrink it in their 0wn houses. 4'he ossicers of the
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the police, seeing the y could not suppressi theu se of it, allowed of the selling it on paying aiax, and of the drini ing it, provided it was notdone operaly ; so that it vias drunk in particular places With the doors inut, or in the back ro omos some of the shoplaeepers hous es. Under colour of this, Coifee hous es by littieand litile mere re est ablished ; and a ne nauisti, Iesse scrupulous and more enlightened than his
predecessor, having declared public ly, that Comeeli ad no relation to coal, and that the infusion ofit Was not Contrary to the law of Mahomet, thenum ber of COGe-hous es became greater thalabefore. Aster this declara lora, the religio asOrders, the pre achers, the laWyers, and even themusti himself, dranti Comee ; and their ex amplewas follo ed universalty by the couri and city. The grand vi Ziers, having posse Sed them se lues of a speciat authority over the hous es in whicli it was permitted to be druiali public ly, took advantage of this opportuni ty of raising a
considerable tax on the licences they granted sor
e ver the price at an a per a dicta '.' The Turhissi sequin saccording to Chambers) is of the
value of about nine stilliings Iterling ; and the asper is a very smali silver coin, of the value of something more thanan Englisti halspenny. The present value is nearly seven stillings; that is, tueo stillings and three-pence three-sariathings for a doliar, or eighty aspers ; consequently three aspers are worth semething more than a penny sterling, butthey are generalty rechon ed at an halfpenny each. Two hundred and Drty-three aspers go to a sequi n.
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Thus sar the Arabian manti script in the Κ ingof France's library, as translated by Mr. Galand ;who procee is to infirm has of the occassion os a total suppression os public Cossee-houses during the war in Candia, when the Ottomati ast ali swere in a critical sit hiation. The liberty whicli the politicians who frequented these ho lases took, in spe aliing too freelv of public atairs, Was carried to that tength, that the Grand Vigier Κupruli, fallier of the two fimo is brothers of the sanae name, Whoasterwar is succeeded hina, suppressed them ali, during the minority of Mahomet the Foui th, with a dis interestediaessi hereditary in his family, without regar ling the losse of so considerable a reveniae, of which he reaped the ad vantage him self. Besore he came to that determination, hevisited, incognito, the severat Costrie hous es, where he observed sensibie grave persons dissicoursing seriousi y of the affati s of the empire, blam ing administration, and deciding with con fide iace on the most important concern S. Heliad bes ore been in the taVerias, where he Only
war. These he took no fui ther notice of . Aster the shutting up of the Cossee-hohases, no tesse Cossee was druiali, for it was carric labout in large copper Vesseis, With fire under them, through the great stregis and martiets. This Was only done at Constantinos te; for in allother
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Other towns of the empire, and 'eVen in thes mallest viil ages, the Coilee-hous es continUedopen as bes Ore. Notwithstanding this precaution of suppressing the public meetings at Coifee houses, the consumption of Cos de increased ; sor there was nohou se or family, ricli or poor, Turk or JeW, Greeli or Armenian, who are very numerous in that city, where it was not drunk at leas: twicea day, and many people drank it os tener, for ithecame a custom in every hou se to offer it to ali Vissi tors ; and it was rectioned an incivility tores se it; so that many people drank twentydis aes a Jay, and iliat without any inconVenience, whicli is suppo sed by this author an extraordinaryadVasatage : and another great isse of Coflee, ac cor ling to him, is iis uni ting men in ciety instri ster ties of amity than any other liquor ; and he observes, that s ach protestations os friend- in ip as are made at suci, times, ape far more tobe depended ut on than when the minit is in- toxicated viilli inebriat ing liquors. He com-PUtes,' that as much is spent in private families in the article of Co fee at Constantinople, as in Wine at Paris ; and relates, that it is customarythere to assc for money to drinii Coisee, as in Europe sor money to di inh your health in wine
Another Curious particular we find mentionedhere, is, that the refusing to supply a wise With Colfee is rectione d amons the legat causes of a
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strong, and without sugar. Now and then theyput in , when it is bolling, a clove or two bruised, ac Cording to the quantity; or a litile of the omen badian, called starry anniseed, or some of the lesser cardamums, or a drop of essen ce of
It is not east to determine at what time, CrUpon What occasion, the Use of Costrie passedfrom Constantinopi e to the western paris of Europe. It is howe ver likely that the Venetians, hipon account of the proximity of their dominioris, and their great trade to the Levant, merethe first acquainted with it; Whicli appears from part os a letter Wrote by Peter delia Valle, a Veneti an, in I 6 Is, frona Constantinopte; in which he telis his friendi that, ripOn his return
ti me he had continued to drinli it, being supplied by sonae Armenians who se illed at Paris, and by degrees brought it into reputation in
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Monsieur de la Haye to Constantinople, broughthack with them on their return, not only s me Costrie, but the proper vesseis and apparatus for
magnificent, and very different frona Chat arenow Used amongst Us. However, untii the year
accustomed to it in the Levant, and their friends: but that year sonae bales mere imported DomEgypt, Whicli gaVe a great number of persons an opportunity of trying it, and contributed very much to bringing it into generat use; and in I 67I certain private persons at Marseilles determine i sor the first time to open a Comee-house in the ne ighbourhood of the Exchange, whicli succeeded extremely well ; peopte mei there tos molle, talla of bus iness, and divert thenaseives
the Tui ky merclianis and traders to the Levant. These places were found Very convenient sordisco arsing on and se illing matters relating to commerce; and mortly after the number of Cossee houses increassed amazingly: notwith-
guillaed by the arrival of Solim an Aga, ambasD
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sador frona Sullan Mahomet the Fourth. Thismust be looked upon as the true period of the introduction of Costee into Paris ; sor that minister and his retinue brotaght a considerable quantity With them, Whicli thev presented to somany persons of the COUrt and City, that many became accustomed to drink it, With the addi tion of a litile fugar ; and sonae, who had sound
lay 167o, Which Was a sufficient time to est abiisti the custom he had introduce l. Two years aster ards, an Armenian, of thenam eos Pascat, set up a Cps De-hohase, but meet ing with litile encourage ment, tesse Paris, and came to London : he Was succeeded by other Armenians and Pe ians, but not with much success, sor Want of add ress and proper places todis posse of it, genteel peopte not caring to beseen in thos e places Where it was sold. How-' ver, not long after, When sonae Frenclimen hadfiited uo for the pui posse spaciotas apariments in