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note that it sine and the fame appetite o account of hicli a man is sal to e no active an no passive For example, e have hown that humannature is o constitute that each ne destres to have the est live accordin to his Way of thin hinc III, 3r, series.)f this appetite is in the man who is no te byreason, a passion, hic is calle ambition, and does notareatly differ from pride in the an on the other hand whoclives in obedience to the precepti reaSon, it is an activit or a viriue, hicli is calle piet see IV, 37, schol. I, and the seconidemons ration of the samesropo Thus at the appetite o destres are passionsoni in soriar a the spring rom in adequat ideas, an are rechone a virtu es hen the aro excited by or pring rom adequate deas. For at thedestres by hicli e re determine to any actionca aris as et from adequat ideas a from in-
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laom the necessit of ur natures III, def. , an note in V, 3). But Whateve ista diminishes vr po eri action IV, prefaceat end). ence a passion hic is a confused idea generat des of the emotions), an in so far inferior to eason, cannot determine usto any action to which, ma notae determineo byaeason.-TR. 'Se noterio Prop. 3. TR. The author argues that, is, conceive a thin a Dee me conceive it through itself, Withou anythin else. i, then, e conceive it a causing leasure orsain, ou love oriate toWar itwilli extreme, for e ii regare it a the sole cause of thepleasure orsain.-TR. An emotion to ares thin Which, conceive a necessaryis, Otho thingsaeing equat, more intense than an emotion to arda thing that is possibi or contingent that is, no necessary. For
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Consequently tris the greatest Q. E. D. PROP. as Me minae comprehenae authino a necessau in o far Aas is a greater pomer merrae emotions and is iras subjectu Mem. Proos. The mino comprehend that ali hings are necessar I, 9), and that the are determine to exist an to operate by an infinite nexus o causes I,
ari. Therefore ' Me precedin proposition it in soriar
brings it about that it is les subject to the emotion Smhic aris from them, and III, 48)' regard withles emotion the thing them selves Q. E. D. Misolium.-The more this knowledge that things are necessar is brought to bear po individua things, which e imagine more distincti an vividly the
greater is the poWer of the in ove the emotions. To his fac experien cecitfel bear Witness. e Seesorro at the los of some good th in mitigated assoon a the man who has tost it perceives that hecould not have preservefit in an possibie Way. Thus
ould pit ever insant for the we ould regardinfanc itself, notis a natura an necessar thing,
move oriate for example, to ard Peter is destroyed ii thepain involve in the lalter, o the pleasure involve in the former, be connected Mith the idea os another causea an it is diminishecliniso farrus, conceive Peter noto have been the Sole cause. See deis os the emotions 6 and 7.-TR.
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butos a defectis fauit o nature. e might note many the instances of the fame hind.ΡROP. 7. motions hic aris ou of or are produce θ reason are, i me aste time invio account, more pomer Id an Mose Marire referreiso particular Mino
Proof-We do no regar a thin a absent onaccount of the emotion,ith Whicli, conceiverit, buton account of the fac that the od is affecte byanother emotio that excludes the existence of thethinc II, 173. Therefore, it is no in the nature fa emotio that is referre to a thing e conceive asabsent, to dominate themther activities and the poWerona man iam in rae IV 63, but, o the contrary, it is in harmon With iis nature, that it an beto some degre subjected by thos emotions that exclude the existence of iis externa cause IV, 9) fBut an emotio that springs rom reason is necessari tyreferre to the common properties of things se therisnuiomo reason, II, 4o, schol a), and these We alWaySconceive a present for there an e nothinga exclude thei present existence), an alWays represent toourselves in the fame Way II, 38). Therefore suc an
emotion alWays emain the sameri and consequently, axiomo), the emotions that are contrarnio it, and thatare o supporte by thei externa CauseS, must accommodate themselves loci more an more, unti the are o longe contrary. In o a the emotio that pring fro reason is the more poWerfui.
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PROP. . The reater Me number of concurrent causes θ hic an emotion is arauseae, heureaser Meemotion.
simultaneous Causes by Whicli an emotion is amused, the stronge is the emotion Q. E. D. Scholium.-This proposition is evident also romaxioma os his art. PROP. . An emotion referre to an ae erant causes, Alcluis minae conceives simultaneouia mira theemodion is es Aarminu than another emotion eguribgreat referreae to a single cause orito semer causes more--er me are es dominaudis it an regarae ita ess
tion by hicli the min is determine to the conceiv- in os many objecis simultaneousi is les harmfulthan another emotion equali great, that o holos themin to the contemplation os a single objecti os a feWobjecis that it cannot thin of thers. his a the
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firsi potnt. In the secondilace since the essence of themind-that is III, 73, it poWer-consista in thoughtalones II, ii in the minoris les dominated by an emotiontha determines it to the contemplationi many thingssimultaneousty than by an emotion equallyareat thatholdscit absorbe in the contemplationis ut one objectis of aramalle number os objecis This a thesecon potnt. In the las place this emotion III, 8). inasmuch ascit is referre to an externalcauses, is es With respecto each ne of them. Q. E. D.
So long therefore, as e remo harassed by emotions that are contrar totur nature, the poWer of the mino,
no hampered, and liencerit has the o eris formingclear an distinc ideas, and of deducin some romothers II, o, Mol. , and 47, MOL), consequently i),so long have e the poWer os arrangin an ConCatenatin the modifications of theiod accordin to the intellectuat order Q. E. D.
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SMolium.-Through thisso eri rightly arrangingand concatenatin the modifications of the ody, eca hee ourselves romaein easit affecte by vilemotions. For et it requires a greater forCe to controi emotion arrange an concatenate according toth intellectuat orde than to contro indefinite and Vague emotions. The est thing, heresore, that e Can do, as long a We have notis perfectanowledge of ou emotions is to fram a right method of living ordefinite rules of life to commit them to memory, andio continuali appinthem to the individual cases ostenmet With in life so that our imagination may be deeplyaffected by them, and we ma alWays have them athand For example, e have place it amon therules of lis irae IV, 46, an schol.)' that at mustbe conquered by love o magnanimity, and no repaid by a retur of hate. But that w may have this preceptis reason alWay at hand where it illa os use, W should thincupo and osten meditate the injustices me Commoni Practice, an to hat extent an in What Way the may est be averte by magnanimity.
Thus hall, join the image of the injustice to thethought of this principie, and II, 8 we hali alWays
have it achand when, arearealed with injustice Butis,e also have at hane the considerationis,hacis trulyusesul toras, and of the good that resulis rom mutuat friendlines an common fellowship bein mindfui, moreover of the ac that he highest satisfactiono the foui spring from the right method os living
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natural necessit the an injustice-thacis to say the hate that is Won to spring rom it-Will occup a verysmali par of the imagination, and wil eastly be ver- come or is the ange that is Won to spring rom thegreates injustices is notis easit overcome, stili it illbe overcome though no Without agitation of the foui, in a much shorter time than f,e had notrihus reflectedupo thes thing beforeliand This is evident romprops. 6, 7, and 8 of this Part. In the fame Way onemus thin concerning the courage that lays fear aside; t Wit, ne must enumerate an osten imagine thecommon perils of life an reflect ho by presence of min an sortitude the cantest be avoide or over- come But it should e noted that in arranging urthought an images e should alway pay attention
thing, so that e may tway be determine in uractio by the emotion o pleasure. Is for Xamyle, one sees that heris to eager in the pursuit o fame, letinim hin o iis prope value, to What ensit shouldbe fought, and by What means it cani attained aut letinim not thin oscit misuse, oscit emptiness, of the ficklenes of men, orithe things of the fori, of whichnoine thinks except through morbidness. For illistic reflections do the most ambitious give them selves the mos distress When the despatris attaining the honor that the strive for and while the are vomitin fori their Wrath, the wish to appear Wise. here- fore it is certain that the are the mos destrous of
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fame lio complain the loudes of it misus and of the emptines of the worid. Nor is his peculia tolli ambitious, ut it is common to all,lio suffer fromadverse fortune an are ea in character. The Covetous Oor man heeps athua of the misus ofmone and the vices of the ricli, hereb heini SuC-ceed in amictin himself, an in howing ther thathecis discontente nolint With his oW poveri butalso illi the riches of thers. So also those holiave been adI received by thei mistres thin os nothin save the inconstanc an deceitful characteros omen, and the res of thei muCh-harped-uponsaulis ollis Whicli the immediatet commitu oblivio a soon a the are again received by thei mis-tress Therefore the man whocisaealous to moderate his emotion an appetites, fromethe mere love os freedom, Wil strive, as sarras possibie, to gain a nowledge of
the virtves and thei causes an to fili his out withtherio that spring from a true nowledge of them
He whooil diligenti observe these recepis sorthe are o dissicult), and wil practice them-he, verily, illi able in aratior timerio direct his actions
for the mos par accordin to the dictates of reason. PROP. II. The greater Me number of thius to inierian image is referres, Me more frequent istat, or ore os ener ora it recur, an Me more Genit occum Me minae Proow-The greater the number of things to hichan mage or emotion is referred the reater is thenumber of causes by hicli it an e arouse and
consider simultaneoust through the sat emotion. Therefore is the emotion the more frequent, or the
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I66 THE PHILOSOPH GF SPINOEA. PAR Vmore osten recurrent, and 8hit occupies the mino more. Q. E. D. PROP. I a The mares of thius are more eas F,ineis Mose images Mai are referreis Me Mino meeleari anae diuineu compre/enae Manuo Mers. Proj-The things,e clearly and distincti comprehen are either the common properties of things orWhat is inferre from theses sectae de Bion osseauon II, o sciso a), and consequently the are the ostfrequently b the precedin proposition aroused in us.