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is blata. For the iehor of tho posts is more repulsive than blood; ior the putrefaction of blood is called iehor. Where- fore cures and means os sustenance of Whicli they stand in need must be furnished. Accordingly mention is mado oflabies, and potations, and laughter, and intercourae; for menmould not devoto thomsolves to iove, or beget children, orsieep, is they mere immortal, and had no Wanis, and neverno old. Jupiter himself, when the guest of Lycaon tho Arcadian, partook of a human table among tho Ethiopiansa table rather inhuman and forbidden. For lio satiated him
inat Lycaon tho Arcadian, his entertainis, had Hain his son his name Was Nyctimus , and sorved his up eooked besoro
This is Jupiter the good, tho prophetic, the patron os hospitalitn the protector of suppliandi, the benign, the auctoros omens, the avenger of Wrongs ; rather the unj t, the violator os right and of la , the impious, tho inhuman, tho violent, the seducer, the adulterer, the amatory. But perhaps
For Zeus is dead, bo not distressed, as Leda is dead, and thos an, and the eagle, and the libertine, and the serpent. AndnoW even the superstitious seem, although reluctanti' Di
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But inortly aster this, they will bo found to bo but Oahsand stones. one Agamemnon is sald by Staphylus to beworshipped as a Jupiter in Sparta; and Phanocles, in hisbook of the Brave and Fuir, relates that Agamemnon hing of the Hellenes erected the templo os Argennian Aphrodite, inhonour of Argentius his hiend. Artemis, named the Strangled, is morshipped by the Arcadians, as Callimachussus in his Book of Causes; and at Methymna another A tomis had divino honours paid her, viet. Artemis Condylitis. Thero is also tho temple of another Artemis-Artemis Ρodagra or, the gout)-in Laconica, as Sosibius says. Polemotelis os an image of a ya ning Apollo ; and again os another image, reverenced in Elis, of the guetaling Apollo. Τhen the
Eleans sacrifice to Zeus, the averter of flies; and the Romans sacrifice to Hercules, tho averter of flies ; and to Fever, andio Terror, Whom also they rechon among the attendandios Hercules. I pass over the Argives, who Morehipped Aphrodite, opener of graves. The Argives and Spartans reverence Artemis Chelytis, or tho cougher, DOm χ λυττειν, whicli in their speech signifies to cough. Do you imagine from What scurco theso delatis have been quoted ' only such as are furnished by yourselves ars horo adduced; and you do not seem to recognise Four oWn writers, Whom I cali as Witnesses against your unbelles. Ρoor Wretches that yo are, who havo filiod with unholy jesNing the whole compara of your lite-a life in reality devoid
la not Zeus tho Baldhead morshippod in Argos; and --other Zeus, the avenger, in Cyprus Do not tho Argivos sacrifice to Aphrodito Peribaso tho protectress),' and the
3 O lyra. xix. 163. I iddel and Scott. Commentatore are generalty agreed that theopithoi is an obscene one, though What ita preciae meaning is they canonly conjectum.
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cordaneo Mith ancient custom; and tho Thebans to measeis,sor their assistance at the birili of Hercules. And again, are not the Thessalians roported to Worship anis, sinco theyhavo learned that Zeus in the lihenoss of an ant had inte
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46 EXHORTATION TO THE HEA THEMSminthoi, hecause they gnawed the strings of their anomies' bows; and from those mice Apollo has received his epithet os Sminthian. Heraclides, in his mork, Regarding the Bulli vos Tempus in Acarnania, says that, at the place Where thepromontory of Actium is, and the templo of Apollo ofActium, they offer to the flies the sacrifice of an ox. Nor stati I so et the Samians: the Samians, as Euph rion says, reverenoe the sheep. Nor shali I larget the Syrians, who inhabit Phoenicia, of whom some revere doves, and othera fishes, missi as excessive veneration as the Eleans do Zeus. li, then, since those Fou Worship are not god' it seems tome requisite to ascertain is those are reatly demons Who areranked, as you say, in this second order ineri the god . Foris the licheristi and impure ara demons, indigenous demons ho have oblataed sacred honours may be discovered in cro dathroughout your cities : Menedemus among the Cythnians; among the Tentans, Callistagoras; among the Delians, Anius; among the Laconians, Astrabacus; at Phalerus, a hero affixedio the prow of ships is Worshipped; and the Pythian priestem enjoined tho Plataeans to sacrifice in Androcrates and Dem crates, and Cyclaeus and Leuco While tho Median war Was at
For strico ten thougand are thera in the all-nourishing earinos demona immortat, tho Mardiana os articulate-spe ing men. λ
Who these maestans are, do not grudge, o Boeotian, totoll. Is it not cloar that they are those me have mentioned, and those of more renown, the meat demons, Apollo, Artemis, Leto, Demeter, Κore, Pluto, Hercules, and Zeus himself ΤBut it is fram rufining aWay that they mard us, O craean, or perhaps it is hom sinnium as sonooth th have never tried stela hand at sin themselvest In that caso
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THE CR GY OF THE SACRIFICES TO THE GODS. EI L, no , let us say in addition, What inhumandemons, and hostile to the human race, yοur godsWere, not only delighting in the insani oi men, but gloating over human flaughter, o in theamed contesta sor superiori in the stadia, and noW in thenumberless contesta for renown in the wars providing sor them-selves the means of pleasure, that they might be able abundantly to satiato themselves With the m der of human beings. Αnd now, lihe plagues invading cities and nations, theydemandod cruel oblations. Thus, Aristomenes the Messenianslew thres hundred human beings in honour os Ithometan Zeus, thinhing that hecatombs of such a number and quasi Would give good omens; among Whom Was Theopompos, iungof the Lacedemonians, a nobie victim. The Taurians, tho people who inhabit tho Tauric Chersonese, sacrifico in the Tauric Artemis forinwith whatoverstrangera they lay hands on on thela coasis who havo been cast adriit on the sea. These sacrifices Euripides represenis in tragedies on the singo. Monimus relatos, in his treatiso onmarveis, that at Pella, in Thessaly, a man of Achaia Wassiain in sacrifice to Peleus and Chiron. That the Lyctii, who me a Crotan race, steW men in sacrifice to Zeus, Anticlides stioris in his Homeward Iournus; and that the Le bians offerod tho liho sacrifice to Dionysus, is sald by Dosidas. Tho Phocaeans also sor I Will not pass over such as they are), Pythocles informs us in his third book, On Concord, offer aman as a bum,sacrifice to the Taurian Artemis. Erechtheus of Attica and Marius the Romany sacrificed
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their danotera,-the formor to Pherephatia, as Demaratus mentions in his fidit book on Tragie Subjeeta; the lalter to thoeril verting deities, as Dominens relatos in his firat book of Radian Maim. Philanthropic, assuredly, the demons appear,from these examplea; and hoW inali those Who revere thedemons not be correspondin y pio The former are eassed by the fair name of saviones; and the lalter ask for sese from those Who plot against their sesely, imagining that in incrifico missi good omens to thom, and larget that they them
very like the formor; but a sacrifice of this hind is murderand human bulchery. Then Why is it, o men, Wisest os allereatures, that Du avoid Wild beaala, and get out of the may of the aavage animais, is Du tali in missi a bear or lion Τ
But though you perceive and underetund demons to bodeadly and wiched, plottere, haters of the human race, and destruers, Why do Fou not turn out of thela mari or tum thom ont of Dural What truth can the miched teli, or What good can they do any one 'I ean then madily demonstrato that man is Miter inantheae Mia os Dura, Who are but demons; and can ino , sorinstance, that Cyrus and Solon mero superior is oracular Apollo. Phoebus Was a lover of gitis, but not a lover
acrosa the Halys to the atine. The demons lovo men insuch a Way as to bring them to the fire funquench lH. But O man, Who lovest the human raco bellar, and ari truerthan Apollo, pity him stat is Mund on the pyre. Do thou,
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Went astru mere impelled in preach superstition to men, when they exhorted them in Morship miched demons, Whetherit Was Phoroneus or Merops, or Wh ver elso that mised temples and altare to them; and besides, as is i led, meretho firet to offer sacrifices to them. But, unquestion ly, in succeeding ages men invented for themselves gias to morship.
Superstition, then, as Was to be expected, having tinen ita riso thus, became the fountain os insensato wichednem; and not being subsequently cheched, but having gone on augment-ing and rushing along in fuit flood, it becamo the originator of many demons, and was displayed in sacrificing hecatombs, appotnting solemn assemblies, setting up images, and bulldingtemples, whicli mero in reali tombs : for I Will not pass thesaover in silence, but mae a thorough exposure of them, thoughcalled by tho august name of temples; that is, the tombs whichgot the name of temples. But do ye noW at length quite ivsup yοur superstition, ieeling ashmed is regard sepulchres With religious veneration. In the temple of Athene in Larissa,
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dian Zeno, it mero unsultabie in this connection to pam overine sepulchre os Leucophryne, Who Was burita in the templo of Artemis in Magnesia; or the altar of Apollo in Telmessus, whicli is reportod lo M tho tomb of Telmisseus the seer. Further, Ptolemy the wn of Agesarchus, in his fidit bookabout Philopator, says that Cinyras and the descendants of Cinyras mere interred in tho templo of Aphrodite in Paphos. But ali timo mouid not bo sufficient for me, Mere I to go overtho tombs whita ars held sacrod by you. d it no inamosor these audacious impieties sinals over Fou, it comes to this, that you ars completely dead, pulting, as reatly y- dο, yοur trusi in the deia.
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Ancientin then, the Scythians Worisipped their a res,
the Arabs atones, the Perstans rivers. And some, helonying to other races stili more ancient, set up blocis of Modin conspicuous siluations, and erected pillars of stone, Whichwere callia xoana, fram the caruing of the materies of which they vere made. The image of Artemis in Icarus mas do uess unWrought Wood, and that os tho Cithaeronian. Here Was a felled tree-trunk; and that of the Samian Here, as Aethlius says, Was at frat a planh, and wM aiter arci du ing the govemment of Proclus carved into human shape. Andwhen the Xoana bogan to bo made in the likenem os mon, they got the name of Brete,-a term derived hom Brotos man). In Rome, the historian Varro says that in ancient times the Xoanon os Mars-the idol by which he was Wo fhipped-Was a spear, artisis not having yet applied them-selves to this specious pernicious ari; but when ari flourished, error increased. That of stones and stochs-and, to speah bHeu, of dead matter ou have made images of humaniorm, by Which you havo produced a counterseit Oi piety, and standored the truth, is noW as clear as can be; but such proos as the potnt may demand must not be declined. That the statue os Zeus at Olympia, and that oi Polias at