장음표시 사용
61쪽
Samiaeoti Do not, then, interiain any doubi, stat of tho godscassed at Athens venerabie, Scopas mado tWo of tho fhonecassed Lychnis, and Calos tho ons milita they ara reportod toliave had placed belween them, as Polemon aho s in the fourthot his Mori addromed in Timaeus. Nor neod Du do i r specting the images of Zeus and Apollo at Patara, in Lycia, whita Phidias executia, as moli as tho llans that reclina Minthem; and th as some say, they mere the Work of Bryxis, I
Whichover of thmo you like, Write domn. Furthermore, thestatues nino cubita in height of Possidon and Amphitriis, Mahippod in Tonos, are tho Work of Telesius the Athenian, as Wo are told is Philochor . Demetrius, in tho mcond book of his A1mites, writes of tho imago os Horo in Tiryns, both that tho material Waa pea troe and the artist mas Argum Muny, Perhaps, may be in rised is learn that tho P ladium .hieli is callod the Diopeius - stat is, fallent homheaven. hich Diomede and Ulyssos arct related to hausea ed off hom Troy and deposited at Demophoon, mas madis of tho bones of Pelops, as the Olympian Jove os othar bones -those of tho Indian wild beast. I adduco as my authori Dionysius, Who relates this in tho fifth part of his Cyela. d Apellas, in tho Diaphios, says that thera Were two Palu lassia, and that both more fashioned by men. But stat no onemay supposo that Ι have passed over them throuo ignorance, Ι shali add that tho imago os Dionysus Μοπchus at Athens
s made of the stones called Phollata, and was tho mois o Simon the son os Eupalamus, as Polemo says in a letter. There mere also two other sculptors of Crete, as I thinh: in Wers called Scylis and Dipoenus; and theso executed insstatues of tho Dioscuri in Argos, and tho imago of Ηorcules in Tiros, and the offigy of the Munychian Artemis ini Sicyon. Why should I linger ovor those, whon I can potnt out in you the meat deity himself, and show you Who he WM,-Whom indeed, conspicuo ly a vo ali, we hear is have been
62쪽
Serapis. For some relate stat he Was sent as a present bytho people of Sinope to Ptolemy Philadelphus, hing of the
the statue, placed it on the promontory whicli is noW called Racotis; where the templo of Serapis mas held in hono , and the sacred enclosum bordere on the spot; and that Blistichis the murtosan having died in Canopus, Ptolemy had her con--yed there, and buried benoath the for mentioned stirine. Othere say that the Serapis Was a Pontic idol, and was transported With solemn pomp to Alexandria. Isidoro alone says that it Was brouot hom the Seleucians, ncar Antioch, who also had been visited with a dearth of cora, and had Monfod by Ptolemy. But Athenodorus the wn of Sandon, Whilevishing to mahe out the Serapis to bo ancient, has somelio stipped into tho mistahe of proving it to M an image fashionedis human handa. He says that Sesostris the Egyptian hinnhaving subjugaled the most of the Hellenic races, on his returnis Egypt brought a number of crafismen With him. Accord- in y ho ordored a statue of Osiris, his ancestor, to bo executed in sumptuous style; and the work was dono by the artist Bryaxis, not tho Athenian, but another of the fame name, Whoemployed in ira Execution a mixture os various materiais.
tion, tin; and of Egyptian stones not one Was Manting, and there Were fragmenta os sapphire, and hematite, and emerald,
and topag. Having ground do n and mixed together allthese ingredients, he gave to the composition a blue colour, Whenco the darkish liuo of the image ; and having mixed the whese With the colouring mattor that was test ovor hom the funerat of Osiris and Apis, moulded the Serapis, the name of hich potnis in iis connection With sepulture and ita construction from funerat materiais, compounded as it is os Osiris and Apis, Whicli together mahe ostrapis. Another neW deity Was added in tho number With great
63쪽
as Zeus loved Ganymede, and whoso beauty Was os a Veryrare ordor: for lust is not eastly restresned, destituto as it isos fear; and men non observo the sacred nights of Antinous, tho sitameful character of which the lover Who spent them
tinous. For just as temples ars held in reverence, so also are sepulchres, and pyramids, and ma oleum' and la Tintlis, which aro temples of the dead, as the othera are sepulchres
Mi os oracular lio os Phoebus, Whom silly men callod God, and salsely termed Prophel; But the oracles of the great God, Who Waa not made is men's hanci, Live duinb idias of sculptured stone.'
Sho also predicta the ruin os the temple, foretelling that that of tho Ephesian Artemis Would be engulphed by earlhquakes and renis in the ground, as follows :
Prostrato on the ground Ephesus inali maii, meeping by the inore, And Mering a temple that has no longer an inhabitant.
64쪽
But ii you attend not to the prophetess, hear at least muroo philosopher, the Ephesian Heraclitus, upbmissing images
65쪽
Cyzicus, being in dissiculties for money, ordered ius goiden statua of Zeus, fisinon cubita in height, to be metted; and onolita it, os lem valuille materiat, plated with gold, to be erected in placo os it. And tho swallows and most birta sty to thos
statues, and void their merement on them, paying no respecteister is Olympian Zeus, or Epidaurian Asclepius, or Men. to Atheno Pollas, or tho Egyptian Serapis; but not even homthem havs you learned tho sensolosanum os images. But it has happened that miscreanta or Enemies have assailed and set fimis temples, ani piundered them of their votive infra, and meited even the imagis the elves, hom base greed os gain. d it a Cambyses or a Darius, or any other madman, has
66쪽
58 EXHORTATION TO THE HEATNEN. I know fire to bo capable os exposing and curing superstition. Is thou ari Willing to abandon this folin the elementos fidi stiali light thy way. This samo firo burned the templo in Argos, mitti Chrysis the priestem; and that os Artemis in Ephesus the second time aster tho Ammons. And tho Capitolin Rome mas osten wrapped in flames; nor did the fidi spare thotemple of Serapis, in the city of tho Alexandrians. At Athensit demolished tha temple of tho Eleutherian Dionysus; and asto tho templo of Apollo at Delphi, fidit a storm assailed ii, and then the discerning firo ulterly destroyed it. This is lold as the
prefaco of What tho fire promises. And the misera os images, do they not shamo those of you Who Me mise into despising matter Tho Athenian Phidias inscribed on tho finger of tho Olympian Jove, Pantaines A is beauti fui. It was notZeus that was beautiful in his ves, but the man he loved. And Praxiteles, as Posidippus relates in his book a ut Cnidus, When he fashioned the statuo of Aphrodite of Cnidus, mado it liko tho form of Cratine, of Whom lis Was enamoured, that tho miserable peoplo might have tho paramour of Praxiteles to morship. And when Phryno the courtesan, the Thespian, Was in her bloom, ait the painters made thela pictures of Aphrodito copios of the beauty os Phryne; as, again, thesculptors at Athens mado their Mercurios liko Alcibiades. Itremains for you to judge Whether Fou ought to Worship courte-sans. Moveri as I belleve, by such facis, and despising suchfabies, the ancient hings unbiushingly proclaimed themaelves νει, as this involved no danger irom men, and thus taughtthat on account of their glory they mere made immortal. Ceux, the son os Eolus, Was styled Zeus by his mite Alcyone;
tho Fourth was called Dionysus; and Mithridates os Pontus Was also called Dionysus; and Alexander Wishod in be considered the wn of Ammon, and to have his statuo made horned by the sculptore-eager to diagram the beauty of tho human
67쪽
vato persons dignissed themselves With the namos os destios, asblenecrates the physician, Who took the name os Zens. What need is iners for me to instance Alexarchus' Η' having been is profession a grammarian, assumed the character of the sun-god, as Mistus os Salamis relates. And why mention Sic gor He Was a native os Zela sin PontusJ, and lived in thodus of Alexander. Nicagorus Was styled Hermes, and medine drem os Hermes, as he himself testis . And whilst wholonations, and cities With ait their inhabitanis, sinking into selfflattery, treat the myths about the goda mitti contempt, at thosame time men themselves, assuming the air of equali miththe Mds, and being pussed up With Vainglom, vote themselves extraVagant honoura. There is the case of the Μacedonian Philip of Pella, the son os Amyntor, to Whom they decreed divine Worship in Cynosargus, although his colla bone Wasbrohen, and he had a lame leg, and had one of his ves knochedoui. And again that os Demetrius, Who Was raised to thorank of the gods; and where ho ali ted from his horae onliis ontraneo into Athens is tho templo of Demetrius thea lighter: and altars Were mised to ham everyWhere, and nuptials with Atheno assigned in him by tho Athonians. Butho disdainod tho goddess, as he could not marry tho statue; and tising tho murtesan Lamia, he ascended tho Acropolis, and lay missi her on the couch of Athone, shoming to the old virgin the postures of the Foung courtemn. There is no cause for indignation, then, at Hippo, Who immortaligod his o n death. For this Hippo ordered tho
Woli dono, Hippo i thou fho est in us the delusion os men. Is thoy did not belleve thee speahing, noW that thou art dead, tot them bocomo thy discipies. This is the oraclo os Hippo;
separated through the obscuri of time imm the tempora
68쪽
60 EXHORTATION TO THE HEA THEMcensum stat attachel to it, is invosted missi honour by fiction, so that the present is vlewed mitti distrusi, the past With admiration. Exactly in this may is it, then, that the dein menos antiquit' being reveroncsd through ths long prevalenco
os delusion respecting them, are regataed as mds is posteri ., grounda of your belles in these, there are your mysteries, your solemn assemblies, bonds and wounds, and weeping deities.
Τho mill of Zous was overruled; and Zeus being Worsita, laments for Sarpedon. Wissi Nason, thereiare, have Duyourselves called them stiades and demons, since Homer,paying Atheno and the oster divinities sinister honour, has styled them demons:
69쪽
destitute of the brinth of si . We must thereiare approachas cloae M possibie to the images. How poculiarly inherent de it is in them, is manifest hom stela very look. For thesorma of the images are plataly stamped Mith the characte istic naturo os domo . It one go round and inspect the pictures and images, he Will ut a glance recognise Four νει immthoir shamesul Ams: Dionysus hom his robe; Hephaestus hom his ari; Demeter hom her calamity; Ino trom herheadinrem; Poseidon hom his trident; Zeus iram the sWan; tho pyre indicates Heracles; and is one sera a statue os anahed moman without an inscription, he underetands it tobe tho Miden Aphrodito. Thus that Cyprian Pygmalion
came enamoured os an image of ivory: the imago WasAphrodite, and it Was nude. The Cyprian is made a conquest os by the mere shape, and embraces the image. Thisis related by Philostephanus. Λ different Aphrodito in Cnidus
Was os stone, and beautifui. Another person became en
moured of it, and had interco se With the stone. Posidippus relates this. The former of these authors, in his book on Cyprus, and the latior in his book on Cnidus. So po exsulis ari is delude, is seducing amomus men imo the pit. Art
70쪽
is powerfui, but it cannot deceive Nason, nor inose Who live agree ly to reason. The MVes on the picture Were repre- sonted so to tho lite by the painter's ari, that the pigeons fle. to them; and hones have neighed is mell-executed pictures os mares. They say that a giri became enamoured os an image, and a comely Duth of the statue at Cnidus. But it was the eyes of the spectatore that wero deceived byari; for no ono in his senses ever Mould have embraced agoddere, or ontombed himself With a liseims paramo , orbecome enamoured os a demon and a stone. But it is .ict
not to the indulgence of amorous affections: it leads you topay religious honour and worship is images and pictures.
Tho picturo is like. Weli and goodi Let ari receivo iis meed os presse, but let it not deceive man is passing itfeli
divinities: in tho solds, Satyrs and Pans; in the w df, Nymphs, and oreads, and Hamadryads; and besides, in the watera, the rivers, and fountains, the Naiads; and in the seatho Nereids. And now tho mo boast that the demons arothe ministers of thoir impietri rechoning them among thonumber of thoir domestim, and by their charin compellingthom to bo thela flaves. Besides, the nuptials os the deities, their bogetling and bringing forth of children that are r
counted, their adulteries celebrated in song, stela carousias represented in comedy, and burata os laughter over stela cups,