장음표시 사용
91쪽
terrestriat Lamiae, Which Faunus and Numa Pompilius and othera instituted; at theso ho trembles, his places everything in this. As infant bus bellove stat svery status os brongo is a living man, so theso imagino that ali inings Rigned are trus: they bellavo stat statues of bronae contain aheart. It is a pianter's galleo; ' them is nothing truo; allthings are fictilio I The poet, indeed, compares Dolish mento infandi. But I say that thv ars much mors sensetess thaninianis. For they infanta) supposo that images ars men, hereas theso tae them for gods: the ono through their age, tho Othors throuo folly, imagino that which is not trus: at any rate, tho one sοon ce sd to bo deceived; tho laolishness of the othera is permanent, and alWays incremes. Orpheus Wasino fidit Who introduced the rites of fastor Liber into Greeco; and ho fidit celebrated them on a mountain os Boeotia, Very nearto Thebes, Where Liber Was born; and because this mountiancontinuatly refountad With ths strians of the lyra, it was called Cithaeroni Thoso sacred ritea are Men noW called Orphic, in
which he himself was lacerated and torn in pieces; and helived about the fame timo With Faunus. But which of themmas prior in ago admits of doubi, since Latinus and Priammigned during ths fame years, as did also their fathera Faunus and Laomedon, in Whose re n Orpheus came missi tho Ain
nauis to the coast of tho Trojans. Let us therelam advanco further, and inquire Who mas reatly
the fidit author of the w ship of the goia. Didymus,' in tho
92쪽
books of his commentary on Pindar, sus that Melisseus, hingof the Cretans, mas the firat who sacrificed to the goti, and introduced neW ritas and parades os sacrifices. He had tivo darighters, Amalthaea and Melissa, Who nourished the youthsul Jupiter With mala' milh and honey. Henco that poetic Iable derived ita origin, that Mes flem to tho child, and filiod his monin milli honey. Moreover, he says that Melissa Was ain inred by her fallier the fini pri tess of the Great Mother; hom Whicli circumstance the priesis of the samo Mother arostili called Melissae. But the sacred history testifies that Jupiter himself, When ho had gained possession of po er, arriVed atauch insolenco that ho bulli temples in honour os himself in many places. For When he ment about to different lands,on his arrival in each region, ho united to himself tho hingsor princes of the peopte in hospitality and friendship; and when ho Was departing from each, he ordored that a stirino fhould bo dedi ted to himself in tho name of his host, asthough the remembranco os their friendship and leagus could thus bo preservessi Thus temples mero founded in honour ofJupiter Atabyrius and Jupiter Labrandius; for Atabyrius
and Labrandius Wore his entertainers and assistants in War.
Temples were also bulli to Jupiter Laprius, to Jupiter Molion, to Jupiter Casius, and others, aster the samo manner. This Was a Very crasty device on his pari, that he might both aequiro divine hono for himself, and a perpetuat name for his ente lainers in conjunction with religious observances. Accordinglythey mere glad, and chesesully submitted to his command, and observed annuat rites and festivias for tho salis of handingilown) their o n name. Eneas did something liko this in Sicily, When he gave the namo os his hosty Acestes to a ci which he had bulli, that Acestes might asterWards joysully and willingly love, increase, and adorn it. In this manner Jupiter sproad abroad through the worid the observance of his Worship, and gave an examplo for the imitation os othera. Whether, then, tho practice of Worshipping the gods proceeded homMelisseus, as Didymus related, or hom Jupiter also himself, as Euhemerus sus, the time is stili agreed upon when thogods began to bo Worshipped. Melisseus, indeed, Was much
prior in time, inasmuch as he brought up Jupiter as his grand-
93쪽
mother of his foste child, and his grandmother Tellus, WhoWas tho miso os manus, and his father Saturnus; and lis himself, by this examplo and institution, may have exalted Jupiter
whicli they whoso memory is honoured lived. Theophilus, in his book written to Autolycus respecting the times, saysthat Thallus relates in his history, that Belus, Who is Worshippedis tho Babylonians and Assyrians, is found is havs lived 322
temporary With Saturnus, and that they both greW up at ono time; - whicli is so true, that it may be inferred by reasonitaeis. For Mamemnon, Who carried on the Trojan war, Wastho sonrthy in descent from Jupiter; and Achilles and Maxwero of tho thita ' descent from him; and Ulysses mas related in tho fame degree. Priam, indeed, Was distant by a longseries of descents. But according to somo authorities, Da danus and Iasius mero sons os Coritus, not of Jupiter. Foris it had been so, Jupiter could not have formed that unchasis connection Mith Ganymede, his oWn descendant. Therelare,
ii you divido the years whicli are in agreement, the number Willbo found in harmony With tho parenis of those Whom I havenamed above. NoW, fram the destruction of tho Trojan city1470 years ars made up. From this calculation os times, it is manifest that Saturnus has not been bom more stan 1800 years, and lis also was the fallier os est the gods. Let them not glor'
Thoophilus πω biahop of Antioch in tho Ialter part ol the aeconcleentvry. He originalty a heathen, and Maa converted in christianitnas he tella us, by the reining of the Scriptures. η Among the extant moris ot Theophilus iners ia not any mith this titio de Temporibus , but his mois to Autolycus containa an apology lor Christiani in three Mori. It is in thia that Lactantiva hero refera.
94쪽
then, in ilis antiqvity of their sacred rites, sines both thoir
96쪽
they aro ignorant as to What is reasonablo conduci on the part
genco it tho error entirely aroso fram ignorance of tho divino name. But sinco me osten seo that tho morshippers of other gods themselves confess and acrio ledgo tho supreme God,
97쪽
tho compassion os men. Thus they never remember God,
because they have not received reason and Wisdom, Whereas an
heaven, and to ratio his countenance erect to the stare.
98쪽
Tho allusion is to the supposed derivation os the mord ἀνθρωπος, Dom
99쪽
present, they cannot nil to bs at hand at their own imagos. It is entirely so, as the peoplo imagine, that ths spirita of the dead Wander' about tho tombs and relics of their bodies. Butaster that tho deity has begun to bs near, there is no longernood of his statue. For I ash, is any one inould osten contemplate tho liheness ofa man who has settied in a fore.n land, stat ho may thus solacs himself for him Who is absent, Would he also appear to be offound miud, it, When the other had returned and was present, he aliould persevere in contemplating the lihenem, and should
os God, Whose spirit and influenco are diffused everyWhere, and can never be absent, it is plain that an image is alWayssuperfluous. But they fear test their religion aliould be ali gether vain and empty it they should ses nothing presentwhicli they may adore, and thereiore they set up images; and
ris mord temples is nos hero applied to tho Mildinga viata ins salintulast apari sor ins moris. of God, but to tho placea uaed by tho heathenalor inela rites and sacrificea. That bulldiuga mere set Mart is Christians hom the earlieat ages for inela religi a assembliea, is minered hom inee rem testimony of Tertullian, Cyprian, and other early mritera. They ero called Ecclesias, taurchea, nos temples.' ris heathena thought that tho mula es sis unburied dein mandered out in the earin, untii thela remalaa Were committin to the tomb.
100쪽
since these aro representations of the dead, they resemble thedead, for they are entirely destitute os perception. But thoimage of tho eve living God ought to M living and enduedmitti perception. But it it received this name om resem-blance, hoW can it bo supposed that these images resembleGOd, Which have netther perception nor motion ' There oro tho imago of God is not that .hieli is fasitioned by tho fingers
of men out of stone, or bronge, or other materiai, but man
himself, sinco he has both perception and motion, and performa many and great actions. Nor do the Dolisti men underatand, that is images could exerciso perception and motion, theyWould of their om accord adore men, by Whom they have been adorned and embellislied, since they would bo sither mugii and unpolished stone, or rude and unshapen wood had they not been fashioned by man. Man, theretare, is to be regardia af tho parent of theso images; for they mero produced by his instrumentali , and through him they fidit had shape, figure, and beau . Ther foro lis Who mado them is superior to the objecti Which wero made. And yet no Ono ioohs up to tho Maher Himssis, orreverences Him : he Dare tho things which he has made, asthough there could bo more poWer in tho moin than in tho orhman. Seneca, therelare, rightly says in his morat treatises:
so inconsistent, as to despiso tho statuary and to adore thostatne; and not even to admit to your society him Who mahes
The morda simulacrum, an image,' and ximilitudo, a laeneas ' or reaemblance,' are connected together throuo the common moι similis, liri. Materia' is repecially used in the aenae of Wood or limber. Stipem jaciunt,' they throu a min. The mord properly means a Umin, money bearing a alamped impression ; henco Vatipendium,' aesdiera' pay.