The economy of the animal kingdom, considered anatomically, physically, and philosophically

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579. ΡsYcΠOLOGY is ille science Whicli trestis Of the essenceand nature of the foui, and of the modo in Which sho soWs into the actions of her body; consequently it is the sirst audiast of those sciencos Whicli lead to the knowledge of the animal economy. But Whereas the SOul has her residence in a place Sosublime and eminent n. 270), that We cannot ascend to her, and attain to the knowledge of her, excepi by a particular and generat investigation of the loWer and accessibi e things of herkingdom; Or Whereas sile lives WithdraWn so sar Withiti, that She cannot be eXposed to vieW untd the coverings under Whichshe is hidden are uti lded and removed in order: it hencebecomes necessary that Wo ascend to her by the fame steps Ordegrees, and the fame ladder, by Whicli her nature, in the formation of the things of her kiugdom, descends into her body. By Way therelare os an Introduction to Rationat Psychology, ΙWill premi se ΤΗΕ DOCTRINE OF SERI EA AND DEGRE ES, a doctrine, of Whicli, in the preceding ch ters, I have made Such frequent mention,) the design of Whicli is, to teuch the nature Oforder and iis rules as observest and prescribed in the successionos things: for the rational iniud, in iis analytical enquiry intoc Ses Dom effecis, nOWhere dis Overs them, excepi in the Sub- ordination of things, and the Coordination of subordinates;

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Want of knowledge respecting the subordination of things, and the connection Of things subordinate ; even Supposing the most necurate examination and the most pro und judgment to have been exerci sed iapon the phenomena: sor reaSOnings naturallysolloW the course of their principies. But Whereas ali things in succeeding eaoli Other folioW one another in Order, and Whereas in the wholo circle of things, Dom sirst to last, there is not a Single Ono Whicli is altogethor unconnecten or delached from therest; I am therelare compelled, as I said, previous to developingilio subject of Rationat Psychology, to tine into considerationthis doctrine concerning Order and connection, SO remarii lyconspicuous in the animal hingdom. In the meanWhile, Whether thero be truth in What has been suid, and What remaius to be

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said, may be eastly ascertained hom the Dur solioWing considerations. First, In case the truth spontaneoiasty manifestsitsulf, and as it Vere estnblishes a belles in iis presen ce, With Out requiring any support DOm far-setched arguments; sor We osten, by a common notion, and, as it Uere, by a rationes instinet, comprehend a thing to be true, Whicli asterWards, by a multiplicity of reas nings draWn Dom a confused perception Osparticulars unarrangen and unconnected With others whicli aro more remote DOm our notice, is brought into obscuri ty, calledin question, and at last dented. Second*, In case nil experience, both particular and generat, Spontaneousty favors it. Third0, In casse tho rules and maxims of rationes philosophydo the fame. Last , In case the proposeu vieW malles the di Dserent hypotheses, which have been ad vanced on the subjeci, tocoincide, supplying us With the proper conditiOD, Or common principio, Which brings them into order and Connection, so that,

contemplated in this manner, they are agrestabie to the truth. We may remarii that a system constructed On the ground of sueti an agreement, meriis the titie of EsΤABLIS ED HARMONY.But to proceod to the Doctrine of Series and Degrees.

580. By the doctrine of series und degrees We mean that doctrine Whicli teaches the modo observed by nature in the sub- ordination and coordination os things, and whicli in acting shelias prescribed sor herseis. Series are What successively and Simultaneousty compriso things subordinate and coordinate. But degrees are distinct progressions, such as Wheu We find onething is subordinated under another, and When one thing is coordinated in juxtaposition With another: in this sense thereare degrees os determination and degrees of composition. In the mundane system there are severat series, both universat audieSS universal, each of Whicli contains under it severat series proper and essentiat to itself, Whilo each of these again contains B 2

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Series of iis oWn; so that there is nothing in the visibie Worid, Whicli is not a series, and in a series. Consequently, the Scienceos natural things depenus oti a distinct notion Os series unddegrees, and of their subordination and coordination. 581. By the doctrine of series and Myrees we mean that doctrine which teaches the mode observed by nature in the subordinalion and coordination of thinos, and which in actino fhe has prescribed for herses This doctrine constitutus a principat part

be regarded as the subject-matter, in this case the subject- matter joinod to the forin persecis the science; thus, sor in-Stance, in the anatomy of the animal body, everything We meet With is a subject-mniter of science, While notWithstanding is theveri est sortii of the whole and of every part be not known, thescience is not perfected. The most perseet Order in the mundane system is that whicli reigus in the animal Lingdom; soperfeci, indeod, that it may be considered as the living exemplar os ali other things in the World Whicli Observe any Order.

Consequently the doctrine of Series and degrees ought to teuch, not only in What manner things are successively subordinated nud coordinated, and in What manner they coexist simultane-ousty in subordination and coordination, but also, in What man-ner they are Successively and Simultaneousty determined accord- ing to the order thus impressed, that they may produce actions, in Which may be causes, betWeen Whicli actions and causes there may be a connection, so that a judgment may be formed respecting causes Dom the Order in Whicli they exist. 582. Series are what succe8sively and simultaneou80 compr/Sethinos subordinate and coordinate. Subordination indoed undcoordination properly haVe reSpect to Order in causes, of Whichalso they are commonly predicaten: but Whoreas there is nOthing in the animal Lingdom, Which does nos, in Some Way, aut as a cause, it i S est the Same, Whether We cali the severat

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things in this Lingdom successive and coexisting or Simultaneous, Or Whether We cali them subordinate anu coordinate. When the things themselves ure subordinate and COOrdinate,

and theroby distinct Dom other things, their Whole compleX, in Such case, is called a series, Whicli, to the end that it may co-

exist, muSi exist successively; for nothing in nature ean beeome hat it is at Once, Or simultaneousty : since nature, Vithout degreeS and moments, Whether of time, Velocity, SUCCeSSion, Or determination, and consequently Without a complex and series of things, is not nature.

583. Lut degrees are distinct progressions, such a8 we sudwhen one thing is subordinated under another, and when One thingis coordinated in juriaposition with another; in this sense thereare Gyrees of determination, and deprees of composition. Withphilosopher', degrees are quantities of qualities; as degrees Ostient, os graVity, os colors, and of many other things; thus

Hence We SV that a series, Or coordination Os Severat things,

existed Or came into existence; since otherWise there Would bono distinet perception of the efficient cause, and of iis effeci. 584. In the mundane system there are severat Series, both universal and less universat. These series, the instant they are determined, or vieWed as determinate, are usualty arranged intogenera and Species, Whetice ariSe Superior and inferior genera, and in like manner species, Which acknOWledge degreeS Of uni-Versali ty ; Wherelare species, und occasionalty even individuals,nre conSidered RS a genus; and vice versa, When compared With genera more uniVersat. Τhe most universat Series is the uui-

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brated Wolsr, is a series of finite entities connected Witheach other, consequently it is one entity; but this system

WOrid comprises, are three Superior, and three inferior. The Superior series are those of the circumambient universe orWorld; the inferior are those of the earth. of the circumambient universe Or WOrid, there is a Series of substances simplydoriuod from the sirsi substance by the order of succession. Thesecoud series is that Whiel, the fame substances constitute Whenien to themselves and their OWu nature, Or When endoWed Withthe liberty of gyrating, Whenue comes sire, both solar and inferior elementary sire n. 84). The third series is that of the auras of

the mundane System, ariSing froin the combination of tho tWo former, thus Dom their active and as it Were passive principies :this latior series is that for tho salie of Whicli the former exist; it constitutes the circumambient World itself, and without it the three inferior series, Whicli are those of the earlli, Cunnotexist. The auras thomselves, Whicli constitute this series, When examined as to their causes by a rationat analysis foundedon facis, are laur, Which, as they succeed eaeli Other in Orde decrease in simplicity, purity, universality, and persection. Theseare the most perfeci forms of actiVe and passiVO nature, repre- Senting her forces brought into forms. The Worid iiseis confirms their existetice; so that he who dotabis it, precludes himself from tho investigation of Overy phenomenon and DOm thediSCOVery of causes in every effect n. 53-58, 65-68 . The generat series of the eurth, Whicli in relation to the former ought to be denomina ted inferior, are themselves also three, and are commo ly called Lingdoms; namely the minerat, Veget te, and animal Lingdortis. The minerat Lingdom contains