The economy of the animal kingdom, considered anatomically, physically, and philosophically

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CONSIDERED

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l. ΤΗE animal kingdom, tho oconomy of Whicli I am about to con Sider anatomically, physically, and philosophicatly, rogardsthe blood as iis common Duntain and generat principie. Inundertakin g, therelare, to trent of this economy, the doctrine of the blood must be thu first propounded, although it is the last that is capablo of boing brought to completion. 2. In ordor that ali things may succeed ench other in properorder, it is necessary to set Out from generat principieS; COI1Sequently, stoin the bl ood, in Which, as a typo, We discern theseverat paris of Which We are to treat. FOr On the nature, Constitution, determination, continuity, and quantity of the blood, depend the fortunos and condition of the animal lise. The VeSSCIS, 11Rmely, the arteries and vetus, ure Only the determinations of the blood; and sucti as is the form resulting Domtheir coalition and complication, such are the common forcesand vital essects of the system, and such their particular qualificationS. 3. The blood is as it Woro tho complex of ali things that exist in the Worid, and the storehouse and seminary of ali that exist in the body. It contains salts of every kind, both fixodand Volatile, and otis, spiriis, and aqueous elemenis; in fine,

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Whatover is creatod and produced by the three Lingdoms of tho

4. Sinco tho blood then is an epitome of the riches of tho Wholo World nnd ali iis Lingdonis, it Would appear as is allthings Wore created for the purp08e of administering to thocomposition and continuod reneWal of tho blood. For is allthings exist sor the salie of man, and with a vi0W to assord him the conditions and means os living, then nil things exist for thesino of tho blood, Whicli is the parent und nourisher os ove part of the body; sor nothing exi sis in the body that has notprevi ousty existed in the blo d. 5. So truo is this, that is the texture of any muscio Orgiand, of Whicli ulmost nil the viscera are composed, be dividedinto iis minutost paris, it Will be mund to consist Wholly ofvesseis containing red blood, and of fibres containing spirit, Or purer bl OOd. And even those paris that do not appear toconsist Of vesseis, Such as the bony, cartilaginous, and tendin- Ous textures, Will nevertheless be soliud, in the first so ness of thola infancy, to have been similarly composed. Hence theblood is not only a troasury and storei, Ouse of nil things in nature, and thereby ministers to iis Ompring, the bodn Whateveris requisite to iis various necessities and uses, but it is actuallynil in ali; and contains Within itfelf the ground and the means by Whicli every man is otia ted to live a distinctive lila, in his

oWu body, and in the ultimate Worid. 6. Τhis doctrine, hoWover, is the last in the Order Os completion, presupposin g, as it does, a comprehensive linoWledge Osthose things that enter into and constitute the bl OOd, ns meΠ-tioned ab ve δὶ, and surthermore, an examination Os nil the Vi Seera, members, organs, and tunics, Whicli the blood at oncepermeates and vivises. Is Wo are ignorant of the nature of these, and their mode os action, We are ignorant of the nature

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tho states of the blood, and tho states of the blood, accordingto the passions of the mind. In a Word, the science of theblood includes ali the sciences that troat of the substances Ofthe Worid, and of the forces os nature. For this reason We findiliat man did not bogin to Oxist illi the Lingdoms Uere completed ; and that the worid and nature concentraten themselves in him : in ordor that in the humari microcosm the entire universe might be exhibited for contemplation, Dom iis last end totis firSt. 8. In the present Pari, therofore, in Whicli I have investigated the bl ood, blood-vesseis, and heari, and 11Ot attempted to lautich out far beyond the particular experienee be- longing to those subjecis, I could not venture to frame any other than generat principies and deductions, Or to propOundany Other than Obscure notions of things. There is noed bothos time and of further progress, in Order that What here Seems ObSeure may be made clear and be distinctly explained. On alloccasiones it is destrabie to tine experience as Our guide, and tofolloW the ordor os nature, according to Whieli an ObSeure notion precedes a distinet one, and a common notion precedes Rparticular One. We never have a distinci perception Of anything, uni ess We ei ther deduce it DOm, or refer it to, a commonDuntain and universat principio. This mode of proceed ingindeed accords With the original and natural condition of the senses, and of the animal and rational mind. FOr We are boruin dense ignorance and insensibility. Our Organs are Opened on lyby degrees; the images und notions at sirest received are Obscure,and, is I may so Speah, the whole universe is represented to theeye as a Single indistinct thing, a formiess chaos. In thecOHrse Os time, hoWever, iis various paris bestome comparatively

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their connexion With roni objects by the rising sun. When thetruth is present everything yields a sus age in iis favor; and thorosoro it immediately declares itself and wius belles; or, asthe saying is, displays itself Daed.

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with illusivo and fallaci us lighis, and stro the more lihely to

are in possession Os such a number os facts as Dom these Moneto be able to trace out the operations os nature, Without belligobliged to Wander beyond experien e into the regions Os COH-jecture. In ansWer to this me are bound to admit, that particular experien e or that Whicli strictly comprehends Or immedi-Rfely refers to One and the sanae objeci, hoWever ricli in delati Such experience may be and hoWever enlarged by the accumulated observations of ages, can nover bo sufficiently ample sorthe exploration os nature in the sphore os causes: but i on theother haud, in exploring ench particular Objeci, We RVnil OUr-Selves of the assistance of generat eaeperience, that is to say, Ofali that is known in anatomy, medicine, chemiStry, PhySies, and the Other natural sciences, then, even at the preSent day, Me appear to be abundantly supplied With means for the under-taking. 13. Particular experienee, or that Whicli concertis but One objeci, can never be so luxuriantly productive Os phenomena as

tigated 0Πly by generat experienee, that is, by experience in iis

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mine or desine a thing by occult qualities is to leave ii as much in the disti as besore. In further illustration, We do but stop at thevery threshold of the science of Angiology, unless We learn thean atomy of the body and of est the viscera, that is, diligentlytraco the blood through ali the diversistud magos in whicli itflows. The same Observation applies in eVery Other instance Whether of anatomy Or physios. Τhus in investigating the causes Os muscular action, or the qualities of the motive fibro, utiless We Combine the particular experietice of one individual With nil the experience of Others; and utiless, in addition tothis, We take into account the experience recorded concerning theblood, the arteries, the heari, the Derves, the nerVOus ganglia, the glands, the medulla Spinalis, the medulla Oblongata, the Cere- bellum, the cerebrum, and ali the Other memberS, OrgRIIS, RHdtunius, endoWed With the poWer Os muscular motion: and fur- thermore, utiless We avnil Ourseives of the facts that have been brought to light in physics and mechanius, respecting lareeS, elaStici ty, motion, and many other subjecis,-unless We do all

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17. In the experimental linoWledge of anatomy Our Way has bestii potnted out by men of the greatest and most culti vated talenis; sucti as, Eustachius, Malpighi, RuySch, LeeHWenhoeli, Harvey, Morgagni, VieUSsens, Lancisi, Winsto' Ridloy, Boor-liame, Weplar, Hei Ster, Steno, ValSalva, DuVerney, Nuch, Bartholin, Bidloo, and Verheyen; Whose discoveries, sar from consisting os fallacious, vague and empty speculations, Will sorever continue to be of practical use to posterity. 18. Assisted by the studios and elaborate Writings of these illustrious men, and fortified by their authority, I have resolvedio commence and complete my design: that is to Say, to opensome part of those things Whicli it is generalty supposed that nature has involved in obscurity. Here and there I have talion the liberty to throw in the resulis of my OWn experienee; butthis uitly sparingly, for on deest y considering the matter, I devmed it best to malle usu of the facts supplied by Others. Ιn-

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most acute lucubrations and researches Os Others, and to Originate the Whole series of inductive arguments DOm my particular discovery alone; and consequently to be incapacitated to vieWand comprehend, as accurately as the subject required, the idea os universals in individuals, and of individuals under universals. Nay When Ι essayed to forin principies Dom these discoxeries, Ithought I could detect in various Other phen Omena much to confirm their truth, although in reali ty they Were fairly Susceptibio of no construction of the Lind. I theres re laid aside myinstruments, nud restraining my destre lar mahing observations, determined rather to rely On the researches of Others than to

that every species of animuis is horti With that peculiar character Whicli distinguishes it so completoly 1 rom every Other Species. Ve See that some men come into the wOrid as prodigies endoWed