The economy of the animal kingdom, considered anatomically, physically, and philosophically

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a planet, thias the subject of a two id or throe id motion, tho Ocean may be rolling. On the Ocean Ships may be speeding their course. In a Ship the fallor may be Walliing the decli, orclimbing the yards; in him the arms, the loins, and the chostmay be ali in motion : in these paris the lungs, heari, and brain may be pursuing their severat alternations ; in the lungs, heari, and brain the bl od may bo circulating; in the blood, theparis may be undergoing tremulation; in these paris the purer Substances may be undergoing modification; and in these agnin the purest like vise . And nil these motions may be fining placent One and the fame time; and the particular shali be uncOn-Sciolis of iis more generat and universat motion, and the more generat and universat, of the more particular motion. Suchniso in miniature is the animal microcosin, and more eSpecially,

the principat whool of the machine, Or the brain. 288. Moreover, the prim live fabrio of the heari, and the character of the pulse, in those animais that have one heari, and also in those that have many hearis, ali conspire to fhew, that theprimitive corculum mith iis three distinet vesicles, in the nature anil mode of iis action resembles both the veins and the arteries, beliseen which these vesicles are intermediate. Lot it be granted that the venous blood has a determination equalty in every direction both upWards and doWnWards n. I90-J97ὶ : henco thatit has a determination toWariis the hoari or iis nuriole. Lot itho gratitod that the arterial blood has only one determination,

that is, to the extremities of the branchus sit. 182-189) ; so

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belonging to the Other. 289. Since then the veitis are merely the receptaoles of their bl00d, since they pust, it equalty in every direction, and Sinceit perpetuatly presses oti the littio heuri that determines the Stream by iis alternate action; it follows, by the connectiori Ofcauses, that in the primitive state anil be re the heurt is os aconical form, the existence of three ovat vesicles is required; Dr, RS We have Salii, these vesicles a re as it Were station S Wherethe vetus meet to deposit their burdens, und to repOSe, undWhenee the ever-vigorOus arteries run sortii to create amplerspaces turgid Mith blood. For the 1irst of the vesicles, WhichRsterWards changes into the right auricle, is moroly recipient Ofthe blood noW pressing upon it; the second, Whicli asterWard Sbecomes the right ventriclo, determines the blood ns yet un- certainly, although slightly, toWard the succeeding vesicie ; thethird, Whicli afterWards becomes the lest ventricte, concludes the proce8s of determination, by directing the bl od in to the Rrteries : a result Which could not be attained Without this prim evat state of simplici ty together With a state of triplicity.Τhis is the way, and no other, in Whicli the mode of actingproper tO One Vesset passes into that of another, according to the proposition, that an intermediary recepta te discriminaled into three ovat vesicles, is the result of vesseis of dissimilar nature and mori meeling tvether. 290. Furthermore, the simple fabrie of the primitive corculum reveais the state that is ultimately intended for the adult heari and urterie8. Every comparatively simple Or less compotand subjectexhibiis a likeness and image of the things that folioW; althoughnot of such a nature that the type of the compound is discern-ible in the component, or the image of the largest in the least n. 249). For it is in a Lind of midulo stato, so that While it is formed lar iis consequenis, it refers itself to iis antecedents n. 252 : and regarns in iiself that which is to bo formed asa ready formed, and vice versa n. 26 I). There re this corculum designates ali that is to bo in the adult heari and

29 I. First : it designatos tho possibility of the coalescence of the heari into auricles and ventriolos, or of the formation Os

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the sirst vesicle into the right auriclo, the socorid vesicle into theright ventricio, and the third vesicle into the lest ventricie. These changos do not appear to be designa ted by any enlarged Spaces; neverthele88 that they are designed, is clear Dom theeffect produced. But the particular convolution of the fibros upou theSe vesicles, and the adaptation and designation os theparis thereby, has not 3 et been discovered even by the miorOScope. It is hoWever known that this triplo vesicle is capable of being successively contorted, and that One vesicle may be located on the upper part of the other, and may be connected anilunited With it, as is evident both Dom their forni, and DOm the proce88 So particularly shewn in MalpighPs sigures. We maythere re affirm, that in this simple coreulum, the compOund, Ortho entire heari as it Will be, is ulready present; conSequently that the auricles, ventricles and Other paris are atready deSignated, each in the Way proper to itfel 292. Second*; this simple fabric of the corculum, involves

the presence, und ns it Were inherent necessity, of the circumstanee, that the heart should commenoe and Carry on a SyStolennii diastole by means os an alternate elevation and succeSSive distension; sor one vesicle moves and pulsates astor the Other.

being the right auricie, Whicli is the si si to beat, the other

consisting of the two ventricles, Whicli rise and pulsate aster the inricle . . . . The lalloWing circumstance likeWise ought here I thinti to be mentioned; nam ely, that the motions of the auricles, Whicli as I before salit are observed to be alternate With those of the ventriolos on the sirst d ys of incubation, Rppear to be Successive rather than alternate aster the heari has attainod iis conical form; for I saW the contraction of the whole corculum begin Dom the auricles indoed, and terminato in the ventricles, but I have not seen this action amount to a complete

beat With a triple pulse; one part Of it pulsating after another

in Succession . . . . At the end of the pth day . . . there Were tWo Successive motions in the ventricles, and the fame number

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motions existing in tho primitivo hoari, and those existing in the adult heari, appears to bo, that in tho primitive hestri thepulse is triple, and is successivo froin the first vesicle to thethird. In the adult the pulso is doubio, or is a motion os both

Ruricles Simultaneously, and of both ventricles simultaneouSty; although stili, even in this case, the pulse is alternate and SUCCOSSive in suci, a manner, that What is successivo in the two last VeSicleS, becomes asterWariis simultaneous When they merge into the tWo ventricies. Tho reason is, that the two nre at longili connected nnil compounded. For naturo is alWays similar tollerseis in this, that What is successive must precede What is

CRrry ΟΠ in Successive Ordor the samo functions Whicli the initialheari commenees as their 1 Ountain-hoad, or are to continue theirheart by means Of the successive detrusion os tho blood; butnevertheless in Sueli a manner, that What is successive-alternate in the heuri is successive-continuous in the arteries. Into thesedistinctive modes and laws os action the arteries a re initialedfrom their very cradies; nam ely, into that sori Os course and current Whicli asterWards familiarigod by iis extreme simplici ty, or in Other Words, is rendered naturai. Henoe arises the generalequilibrium os pressure exercised by the arteries in the directionos their extremities, and the ready transmission Os the Wave in the fame direction. Moreover, it is provided by an astonishingskill and contrivatice, that besore the arteries ure habitualed and inauguraten in to this mode of noling, the SanguineOuS Streamshnil bo doterminud froni iis triplo solarce into the larger trunk; into that for instaneo whicli is rosected upon the head : sor in

a proper circulation. In this mannor the arteries ure inaugu

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sursace of the heari, and has Oisseis adhering to the lalter Onhoth Sides. . . . There ure, then, n Lind of mucous ramifications that surround the cardiac iube, by Whicli the muscles also are COVered . . . . It numely, this body or these ramifications is sonand tender, and so divided into Oblong pieces or ShootS, and Sosingularly involved, that . . . it is impossibie to discover iis realStructure . . . . In the larger caterpillars these White ramificationsentirely cover the inside of the belly, and . . . ramisy in the manneros vesseis, and inosculate villi the branches nexi them similarlyramised, the whole series thus conStituting R IOOSO netWork. . . . In Some places they are very narro comparatively ; in other paris they assume the form os leaves,V kc. n. 244 . Never-thel ess, prolongations of this kiud are at the fame time service- able sor other purposos also; sor it is One of nature's secretes inher most perseet state, to elicit severat different effecis horti oneand the fame thing. But these subjecis Will be treated of Wheu

I come to speak of the thymus' and bronchial glauds, the

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SinuSes Os the dura mater, and thoso other paris of the bodyWhicli are prominent in insanis, but Whicli in subsequent age

decrense in bulli and consistenee, RS in USe.

294. Fourthly; the primitive corculum designates the futurestate of tho adult heuri in this particular, that it not ouly cari receive frOm the vetus a greater Or less quantity of blood, butthat it sonds bacti the quantity received, and Whicli it cannot propel into the arteries, and in this mannor inchoatos and adjusis both iis own equilibrium and that os the arteries and pulses.

Lancisi says : In this successive and alternate distraction audcontraction both of the right auricle and of the VentricleS, . . . We Sometimes, as a matter os curiosity, have observed that thesemotions are presently inverted, is the right or test ventricle buslightly priched With a needle : and the fame may be Observod much more readily in the corcula Os insectAV D. 245). SheWing that the three cardiae vesicles are in the exactest balance Osequi librium, and particularly the middie vesicie, Whicli is notther arteriai nor Venous, but betWeen the two, and doubilat whitherto propol the blood untii the last vesicle superadds iis force, and the u resisting' streum thus enters into the recipient arteries. Tho blood is thus readily conve ed in ei ther direction, probablylest tho heari and arterius Ahould suffer detriment Dom any aD section of the animal mind, Whicli is a clites cause in varying the equilibrium os pressure exercised by the arteries. For in the silk-wortii, butterssy, and Other insects With many hearis, the Spectacle of a complete Olympic spori is presented by theblood, Which runs sorWard aud backWard accOrding as the animal miud is assected, or the body punctured and distressest.

nature is by no means so constant in the . . . . direction

Wore directed froin the head to the lower pari; then froni the

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assection of the miud actuates or constratiis, the litile muSelesare more Or less Strongly excited to exercise their forces, and

heudo the blood that is to nourish the disserent paris is propelled according to the affections of the body or miud. NON the arteriat system Would not be introduced into this mode ofacting, utiless the initiat heuri, during iis state of simplicity, on

That something of the fame kiud is designated and remaius in the hestris os insanis, Will be sh wn in the nexi Chapter; and that this is also tho casse in the hearis of adulis, Will be Seen in Chapter VI., When We come to speak of the Coronary Arte

295. Aut these thinos talde place with a disserenoe accordino tothe perfection or imperfection of the animais in which thm occurratio accordino as the animais are formed in the womb, or areformed in the eis. Thus there is a differetice Mith regard tooviparous animais, Whicli find in tho thich albumen and yolli of the egg everything already provided in admirabie readiness, and Ded upon them in the ordor in Whicli they are compounded, RSthe viscera demand to be perfected and reneWed; and do notabandon the nursery of tho fholi tili est iis supplies have been

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Ve88eIS; by Whicli means viviparous animais in the womb Os themother obtain their frugal supplies. These spirituOus and Sanguineous materiais, after being first sitered in their passagethrough the placenta, stre curried nexi through the umbilicia Ve8Sels to the liver, Where they undergo a second filiration, testany Unprolis e Or noxious substance should stritie agninst thesost and tender brains, Whicli require for their purpOSes non ebul the richest pabulum, and such as Will produce and Supportthe severat members of the body in the ordor of their formation. For this reason viviparous animais, presently enclosed in their membranes, do not pass through states of a lilio duration Withthe Oviparous. Neither is their heari pendulous on the Oulside

296. Ali the circumstances here recorded are most plain proossos an infinite and omnipotent divine Providen e. Μost stupendous is the ordor and connection os ali things in the worid undiis three kingdonis. All things soW Dom an end, throughendS, to an End. There is a most universat providelice in the VerieSi particular8, to recolint the arguments in proof of Whicli, Would be to impose an impossibility upon the most untiringtongue by reason of the infinito evidetices With Whicli creation oversoWs. To be lost in silent astonishment, there re, at this display of Divine Wisdom, is more beeoming Our nature, than to overburden Ourselves With proose of iis existence. Inali the heavens there is nothing, throughout the WhOle earththere is nothing, but exhibiis in most palpabie sigiis the pre-

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Senco Os a superintending Deity; So that he Who sees nothingin ali illoso evidetices, is blinder than a mole, aud viter than abrute. Hence ali those miracles that I have predicated of tho formative substance n. 248-27 I), are reatly due to the Divino Ρrovidetice, Who is the Author und Bullder of ali nature, in Whom We live, and move, and have Our belug; and who has Socommunicated principies to the principies of things, that everything flows in this provisive ordor, and DOm him and under him exisis in iis relations, and in iis respeet Os endes.

297. But since in this Divino Abyss there is nothing butWhat is eternat, infinite, illimitable, Supereminent, holy-aWaynnil nWay, We exclaim, With reason and philosophy, Whicli longbe re they arrive at the verge of this sathomless deep, sali, and are forced into siletice Dom the inabili ty of language, aud

os the universe, und of ali things in the universe, Who is to burevered, to be adored, to be loved; and that the providendo ofour reason is respecti Vely nothing, While the providetice of his

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299. It will now bo destrillo to reduco tho generat trullis adverted to in tho induction, into a compendious form, Or to Collect the various members that lie sentiered through the presentChapter, and to unito thom into one body. This W0 shali do by

led to explain it by experimental research. We shali intrO- duce the subject by sirst stating tho diversities and Origins

individual; hendo it is the origin os translatory-locat motion, and consequently of undulatory or modificatory motion : as in the brains, lungs and heari, Whicli are theresore termed thethree generat fountains of motion n. 279 . For in ordor that fluids may be translated hom one placo to another, it is requisite that there be nn animatory reciprocation in their 1irst Origi iis, hom Whicli they may iSSue. 30I. NoW provision is made by a singular ingenuity and coordination of paris, that ali the fluids shali be Oxcited by means os animation to their living motions, und usterWariis tothose that are analogous to living motiotis; that is to say, to modificatory motions. Τhus in the heari provision is made by a