The friars and how they came to England;

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and were not untianted by the proauing Vices. The w id hin t in iis revenge Mon the Churin sor the severe discipline and undaunted Mage With Which she had set heraeis to tamethe Wild norinem spirit of earlier days. In orderio rear society out of the barbamus chaos, ine had necessariij to immerse heraeis in ali ine litical and sociat enterprises of the times; stahad necessarily to be temporia reser as Weli as spiritual. It is easy, no that the Work is done and we ars orioing the stulas of it, to critiesse the actions os Popes and priores, and to decla against theis excessive seculari ; but hin the Ch oh nore t in tho temporal assalas of Europe in hand, civilised Europe Would neverhave existed. ne medissol System, hoWmer, necessary as it Was sor the time, laid the Churinopen to the grossest abuse. Men e exed the ecclesiasticia ordor, not because they Wore dramis love os Christ or of socis, but cause in bea olerio Was the eastest roin to temporal pr sement and wealth. Wiis suin men largely

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puri , and holy lila. But the system Wasbeyond the sue in os Innocent III. longas biinops, seudia lotas, and the clerical order

re the sumst Mepping-stone to political orcivio hono λ human natum could hardly beexpected to resist the temptation, o e the

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authori , is to conseris ruther inan to desis'.

Radicia inaues in the laundations of thingscan never be rightly initiated by authori ;oey must spring stom society usest. Innocenthin done ali that Pope mula do, and he testa memorial of his mois in the deorses of the Fo in Lateran Comest, inita has been justlys led the great Res ming oeundit of the

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abroad, Which Was to end the Μiddie Ages and lay the Bundations of modem history; and itis uot sit ut significanos that in almost immediately, and as by the very instinet ofinsis Ming, est listin themselves in toWn and uni Versi , and there, in the centres of the re-Volution, gruppled Min iis problems and in nosmali meas e stapin iis destio.

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Peopte ali in some meas e Were touinin istaeir influe e. But for centuries it has been the habit in disparage their Wois and character, and menat the present time, When ine Mory of their founder is attracting the Worid's admiration,

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. 12 THE FRIA and belong to the liousehesd of nobles, lectum in the universities, and hunt sor legacies. The picture thus presented is not only salse in us f eping denunciations, but it, morem , manifesta a laek of philosophical insi M. Francisine individuat is exalted at the expense os

Francis the centre es a great W id moVement; sor the Franciscan movement Was Somethingruore than the inspiration os a single individuat; it Was an evolution of the Catholio spiri thea ahening of the Catholic conscisusness to taritat aspect of Christian tradition hitherio bubVaguely realiSed. ne fassure to recomise this faet vitiates much of the work of those Who have Written Lives' of St. Francis. ney speah of thsSatat as though he were Something Separato hom his ago and the centuries immediately

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der to explain the inner spirit of the Fran-ciman moVement. In tristing of the tWolfth centiuy historians lay stress upon the WoHMinem inita insected the Ch oh of the period. Lem emphasis is laid upon the other si de of the picture, and the spiritual gro in os instime is largely ignored; and yet biniud the

Woridly gluter there Was present a deep spirituallise. In thom very cloistere to Whiin thesectaries of the My poinred Min contemptinere Was gro ing more Or less quietly aret laus revolution, Which Was later on, in the Person of SL Francis, in unde Min the socialrevolution and sine Christendom hom us Hesinem. The essentiat character of the ne

pieu lay in iis apprehension of the humani es Christ as the revelation of His divini and

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ω be more and more recognised that no one is

a true solioWer of Christ Whο does not imbibo His spirit and live aster the fastion es His lissi on earin. ne true Christian is he whomines himself one Min Christ in His humani ty, Maring With Um the burdon of humani , and sharing in His redemptius Work. Christ Wasto those modissol fouis truly thela Linder anatheir intestain, and they gave Him that strongyet tender devotion Which the perele of the Middie Ages natural ly gwe the leader in

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at the neWs of Christ's resurrection, thus -- PreMM What Was the dominant note of this

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With M. Bernaes, they held that the onj sure Way to eternal lise Was by the path os humili :and the word ' humili formed the dominant note in the harmony of their lives. Humili ,