The friars and how they came to England;

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dissol pisu obtainin iis olearest and more forcibis expression. In his it ulterin uself

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ione Whlah Francis lent in it Was most melling. But in M. Francis this spirit os pie uniteditself Min the ne Worid spirit Which Was no abroad, and Whioli, as We have remarhed, Was 3 yet largely in opposition to the establishin der of things in Churin and State. Francis Was a tand of the neW democra . His father Was a merinant, and he belongin to Messi, oneos thom smali Italian republica in inita thespirit of democratio Deedom Was more aliis. In his early youin the Mint hin s Wn his omsympathies and character in tising up amsinin his sell--estigens against the netrabo inglaudia torta, Who, aided by the rival diu of Perugin, Wore bent on regaining their seudia privileges over Assisi. di the end of his Mysthe fame hee, democratio spirit Was evident in him. When ho founded his Ordis he toin thedem ratio sorm A goomment, as seen in the Italian republios, as the type in Which in

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a ceremoniai and generat simplici of lde, characteristio of the Franciscans, Was in aecord ith the best traditions of the cisio republies, though Matth very goon destroyed inela traditions in this matter. And that macted individualism of spirit Whi in is Ao characteriatio of the Order undoubteMy had iis orion in thoneW sociat spirit of the period. For the majori of the Friare, lihe St. Francis himself, Were spm in the commercial olas&NoW What gave St. Francis and his Friam inelavast influende in the thirtoenis century Was justinis saet: that in them the neW-W id spirit Was-ddsid to the Mepest religious spirit of the perio in them the two great sordes inich Were

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the time. It is suin men ino in ali ages arethe moria saviours of the Worid: lax in themhewen and earin unite. rius in the histo of the Friare t o dominant noteS natural ly assere themselos, moulding the harmony of theis life he spirit of democratio Deedom and that servent devotion to the Person

mo notes in harmony there you have theessentiat Franciscan spirit.

deserius the Franciscan Ese by any mere ternat programine, as is stequently done. The Francisoan lise can no more be set doWn in

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In truth, Franciscan poVerty is but thesymbol or sacramental sign of that many-sidedisse inita is included in the solio ing of Christin His redemptive mission to min. d in this it differs essentiassy m the programme of V V procla ed by the sectaries of the

a protest against the existing evila in the Chureh. Irritated by the Woridlinem of theolarin and their grein sex temporalities minerthan sor mula, and indignant at the generallaxi of the times, they proclaimed a or adein favo of the primitive simpliciu and Ver of the early Christinu reges. They demanded

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came these sectaries Were the terror of the

misce-loring population. They called on thecivit authorities to cieanse the auroh of hercorruptions, and When the civit authorities refused to do their Wili, they deuounoed these intum. Nothing could be more unitis the modeos action os the Friars, yet With both the onoand the other the War-ory Was Apostolio PoVer . But With ins Friars poVeru represented primarilyn personat conversion to Christ: Min inssectaries it Was a politicia programme. AsLuinardi, speising of the Waldenses, admire: Their Whese Way of thinhing lin to their vi-ing the Scriptures as a legat preseription of the externia conduci of lila.' Thela oonoeption ofChristiani Was Wanting in spiritual substanes; to them the G pel Was but a legia oode. They

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ΙNTRODUCTORY E880 23 did not realiss that Without an innex spirituallus an externia code os morias is of litus value, and is apt to mata men hypocriticia minerthan virtuous. Imme the endeamur of Pope Innocent III., to bring them Mihin the pale of the Churin and utillae their enthusiam sor theresormation of Christian societ' faued; sor inelatone of miud Was Judalatio rather inan Christian, legat rather inan Spiritual. But Min the Friare it Was different. Thela Vi- Was eminently spiritual. They embracin Verty beoause Christ Was P0 , and beoause in the renunciation os temporal possessions theysound Deedom to adhere in Christ in spirit and in truth. They did not set themselves in thefirat place to relam socie . Is they beeameaster aros great sociat res mers, that Was m a consequenoe of thela Vocation, AOt M a conscio

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garments. It Was not so muta the externalabuses m the Want of the inner spirit of the Gospei, of personat attachment to Christ, Whi in ent homo to the Friare. Bring Moh the spirituat illa, and externat conduet Will rightitself- Auch Was the Franciscan Hea. The Francisoan regarded the Worid as spirituallysia, and sora ed lar it Moordinψy. A similar dissere e macted in the Friar homine sectary in the altitude of eata toWarda the Churin. Το the one the toleration by the Churehos avarietous priesis and the Wealthy lalty Wasan affront in their personat convictions. The Ch in must be tinful is ins tolerated staners.

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eareh. Mart stom this sacred consormiu estaud stud action, his poVeru meant nothing; but as cte symbol and outWard expression ofine spiritual ideat it regeneratin Christendom. It brouot men ne er in Christ and madethem more conscious of His Presence, and Sorefoued religion hom the barren formalism intomesta it Was falling. ne fame spirit Which animaled St. Francisin a Supereminent degree also animaled his Friare. By their lives aud preMhing in se in to mine Christ live again on earin in the imagination of the pmple, and bmurat me even to the rudest minds an apprehensionos the Gospes and iis mysteries.