Posthumous tracts

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Sen8alion8 are eiternat a=id inferna Tho external or bodily senses are those of touch, taste,smeli, hestring, and sight. Internat sensation consisis in theperception or apperception Of the objecis that flos in froin thoorgans of the eXternat Senses. Intimate sensation is identical With intellection or understanding, sor the objecis that aro selland perceived are also to be rationalty understood. The inuer-most os est, or the principie of sensations, is the sense of thesoul, and is identical With pure intellection or intelligetice; sorthe endo ments of Sensation, perception, and intelligetice, aredue to the foui alone. As Sensations are externat and internat,sO are their organs QSo. Τhe organ of tOuin is coextensive

with the circumseretice of the body. The longue is the organos iuste. The membrane lining the nares and nasal cavities isthe organ of smeli. The ear is the organ of hearing, and theoye of sight. The cortices cerebrum, or the cortical substance of the cerebrum, is the organ os perception. But the organ os intellection or intimate sensation is that Very pure or simple cortex contained in each cortical gland. Τhese organs, the internal as Weli as the externat, constitute Sensoria, and of allthe externat the cerebrum is the common SenSOrium.

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Τhe most Alender knowledgo of anatomy is sufficient tostiem that internat sensations effect their communication With externat by means of the fibres. A fibre runs up Dom everypoint of the si in toWards the spinal marroW, Or the medulla oblongata; and this is Why these fibres are termed sensoriat, todistinguisti them Dom the motory fibres. A fibre of the ninth, eighth, and fifth piars of cerebrat nerves ruris Dom every pOint of the longue. Α fibre runs Dom the nares throuo the cribri-form plate to the mammillary processes, whicli are assiXed like botiles to the anterior part of the cerebrum. A fibro both of the portio dura and portio mollis of the seventi, piar runs fromthe eur. The great Optic nerve proceeds Dom the eye. Τhese fibres run on untii they reach their principies Or Solarces, namely, the cortices gland s. Internat sense resides of a certain ty in these principies or gland8, and is dependent On their changes of state. Simple fibres again are put sortii by this gland to a certain stili purer corteX, Which We term the simple cortex, and onthis hangs our intellection os ali objecis apperceived and felt. rhus by means of the fibres there is a continuat communicationbetWeen externat sensations and internat. For this reason it is, that the senses languish and die aWay ns soOn ns ever the intermediating nerve is ei ther divided, strained, or Obstructed; aswe know to be the case Dom innumerable facts occurring in

membrane. And as the externat Senses can have no existence Without a suit te organic substance, in Shori, Without organs,

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SO neither can the internat senses. The cortices gland is theorganic Substance Os perception, and the simple cortex is theorgan of intellection; as indicated above. It is absolutebrepugnant to nature that a sensitive or intellectual principieshould exist at ali Without a corresponding substance, inaSmuchus SenSations are but larces and modifications, Whicli proceed Om substances in action. Τhus the foui is the Only sentientand intelligunt substance in the body.

8tanoe I and Vico VerSR. The nature of the hearing determines the character of thecur; and the nature of sight that of the eye; and vice versa, the nature of the ear determines the character of the hearing, and of the eye, that of the strat. The fame remark applies in Other cases. Thus in the inner sphere, the nature of the perception Or imagination determines that of the cortical gland, which may be termed the internat eye or eyelet; and again, thenature of the intellection determines that of the simple corteX.

Aud vice versu. Wherelare nil sensation correspondS and coincides With the state of iis particular sensorium. Is senSationbelongs to an organ, it must necessarily exist according to thestate of that Orgari.

The nature of the eiternat δρηδation is determined by the nature of the communication wita the internal δen8orium.

It is not the organ os externat sensation that laeis, but onlythe foui, sor the foui understandes What the sensation is. Consequently the organ os externat sense is but the instrumoni forreceiving the first ad vances and touch of objecis, or the forces reaching the system. Thus it is that When the eye is closed, and the ear reposes, as during Slees, We Stili Seem to see undhear; and that When the poWer of perceiving is tost in the brain, the externat organs are at Ouce deprived of Sensation, though

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duit, acute, Obscure, Or distinet. It is evident hom the diseases of the head, that sense varies With the state of the brain. Τhus the fibro is either relaxed, as in fleep, or tightened and stretched, and raised and rendered distinct sor sensation, as in the Wining state; or is inflamed and hented, Or else assected in some other

Way. From moment to moment the sense varies, with thestate superinduced upon the fibres, or to Whicli the fibres arc

Is the organ bo the substance, and the sensation the modification, and is no sensation is possibie Without an organic form, then it sollows that the substantiat form, Damely, of the SenSO-rium, must coincide With the form of the modification or sensation. Form may be predicated both os substance, and of forces and modifications. Form is constituted os essentiat determinations, Whicli determinations are inconceivable apari Domthe idea of the coexistence or fluxion os individual things. Isthe lalter are set in action, a form of modification is produced, whicli cannot fuit to bo similar to the form of the substances With their determinate fluxion. Τhere re sight is as the sormos the eye; hestring is as the form of the ear; perception audimagination are as the serm of the cortical gland; and so sortii. When the Organ theresere alters, the sense resulting Dom it ulters conformably. It would hoWever be tedious to enquire into the peculiar form Os each organ, and of the sensation resultingsrom it. The form of the eye and of sight is more perfeci than that os the eis and of hearing. The sortia of the cortical gland, or the internal sight, is more persect than the form of the eye, Or the externat strat. Thus the persection of Organic fornis groWs and rises by degrees ali the Way to the foui, Whicli is the forms os forins in iis oWn particular body, the informitigprincipie of nil iis other sorms. The more persect forms are

OtherWise regarded as Superior, prior, more Simple, and more internat.

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proper centre to Whicli ali the deeds that are dono at the circumserenoe are referred. The organic SubstanceS, hoWeVer, Orsensations, are subordinated to it. The sirst sensation after thesout is rationes intellection, intelleci or understanding, Whichis a mixed intelligetice. Sext under this comes perception; and beneath this again those sive sentient poWers mentioned OVe, ViZ., Sight, hearing, taste, Ameth and touch; Whicli are theo ermost substances or sensati Ons, and proper to the bodnalthough the distance of ad Dom the foui is not Mike, but oneis ne er to it than another. Thus the soci is Only accessibie

by degrees, and must be approached by a peculiar Iaddor. Is any middie sensation is We ened or destroyed, the approachio the foui is to that extent hindered or cui os ; though ali thotimo the soci remaius in iis oWn centre and iis OWΠ intelligence, Without having any communication With the body. For example, hearing is not possibie apari Dom a particular internal sightalmost like eye-sight; the lalter again is impossibie apari fromthe intimate sight Which constitutes thought; Whicli in iis turn, being a mixed intelligetice, is impossibie Without a pure intelli-

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gence : a miXed intelligence necessarily implies ille existence of a pure intelligence above it. The consequence is, that there Can be no sensation Without the foui, Whicli is the only part in

Belare the eye can see, the object to be apprehended by Sight, the representations and appearauces, the VariOUSJy combined colors and modifications of shade and licti, must necessarily influence or floW into it. For the ear to hear, necessardythe found must impinge on the tympanum and fenestae. Forthe tongue to taste, Aharp-pointed, saline and Other particles must be provided, to strike the papillae of the Organ. Similis conditions are required in Order sor the nares to Ameli. All

nose; and heaviest and grossest os ali in the skin and membranes, WhOSe SenSe constitutes fouch proper. There is thenno sensation Mart DOm touch, but sensation is produced in adaptation to the Wholo form of touch and tacitile objecis: there re it is not action but passion. The inner senSation, Orsrst perception, is also a passion, but comparatively persect and pure; sor the infernat sensorium pereeives nothing but What comes Dom the externat sensoria; and perceives them in suchwiso as the imagos and ideas floW in. The fame is the case With intellection, Whicli is intimate sensation, and dependS Iason perception as perception depends upon sensation. By this scale We advance to the foui, Whicli alone Deis because it alone un- derstands. Hence the foui is passive during iis seeling, or in

iis sense; and this is Why it is delightod With the harmontes of things, and patued by their discords.

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to them. As are tho modifications os the stir, such are the modifications, i.e., the tones, SoundS or harmoni es, of the eis. Andas are the modifications of the ether, such are the images offight. Μodifications extraneous to the animate body are inanimate and dead, but as soon as they touch the body, they aretransformed into sensations. Τhis is Why Sensations are commonly callest modifications, and organs are said to undergo modification. When modifications approach the very threshold of the body, at the moment they touch or breathe upon it, theypartalle instantaneousty of the lise of the foui, Whicli Dels What the peculiar modification is, and What it represents. And asevery Orgari must undergo modification besere it can scet, so itis passive, ΠOt active ; that i8 to say, SenSation is a passion and

Τhe memory is the sield of images spread besore the internalsense, Whicli images hoWever are living, and constitute ideas,)as the visibiu Worid is the field spread besore the externat senseos sight. The images of the memory present themselves in this Wise to imagination and thought. Τherelare the internat sensuas Weli as the externat must be admitted to be passive; though passivity is especialty predicated When modifications are insinu-ated immediately through the outermost avenues of the external

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taste, it Deis Whatevor is sonting in Water and Othor liquids :by smell, Whateuer is 1loating in the atmosphere: by hearing, nil the modifications of the fame atmosphere: by Sight, thecorresponding modifications of the ether, and nil the beautywhicli tho Oarth brings sortii : by the innermost sensu it scelsWhateuer is done in the upper Worid, and in the region os causes and principies. And so sortii.

The eye is exactly suited and made to the modification os the ether; the ear, to the modification of the vir; the longue,