Trinummus;

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TAE prosent editio of the riminimus, ne of the ostpopular of Latin plays, a Wel as ne of the est for collegeuse, has been repared in accordance illi th genera planos his Series. I aim a giving such heli as illae D00ded by tho Ouia student hen e rs grapplos illi a Latineomedy. A the Same time, great caro has been alien to introduce no readin or interpretation hieli is no in harmon with the est Plautine soli Olarship of O-day. In preparing th book I have consulted mos of th great editor of lautus, ut I am unde specia obligation to Leo and Lindsay, illi hos toxis his ill bo ound o boin substantiat agrosement. Ali important differetices betw00n Leo and Lindsay, a mel a m fe Variati OD from them, are recordest in the Appendix. be to adlinowledgo ni indebi0duses t Messrs. Allyriaud Baeon for in psermission to reproduce substantialportions of th Introduction to in seditionis the Andria of

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CONTENTS

NOTE ............ 55 APPENDIS ........... 13

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INTRODUCTION

1 of the lis of T. Maecius Plautus ver litti is knOWn. Cicero De Sellectute 50 states that ho as an id ma in 1914. C. Wheu the Pseustolus a performed audi die in

1844. C.

2. The poet a born a Sarsina, in Umbria, probablyabout 254 B. C. Goin in early life to Rome heris sal tohave orked in ome eonnection illi the stago and then to hau investe his savings in foreig trade. Returning pennites to Rome, he was employest as a labore in a mili, but found time to ritu plays, hieli on for in both fame and profit. δ3. All the work of Plautus ares cutiatae Se fabulae), i. e. play adapted rom the Gr00k, o alle beeausu of the Greeli cloah pallium mori by th aetors. Out of One hundre and thiri play one assigne to Plautus, the parned

Varro gave twenty-one a belongin to Plautus consensu omnium, an niueieen Ore a probabi genuine ThesetWenty-one, the Fealle futulae Vari onianae, re in ali

Theso bare saeis arse elaborate by Sellar Roman Poets of the Republic pp. 158 ff.

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capitatu. 13. Mercator, or lay of the mere hant.14. Pseudolus, Damod rom the che in flave of the play. 15. Poenulus, or lay of the Carthaginian. 16. Persa, or lay f the erSian. 17. Rudens, Danieli rom the opse of aishormati s et Ithas been called a se idyll. V18. Stichus, amed rom a flave in the play.

20. Truculentus, or lay of the huri.

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INTRODUCTIO XIII 4. Thos plays ho a reat variet in Subjeet-mniter, eharaeters, One of thought, and construution filot duo tolli natura versatilit of tho author and the extreme fre0

or extende asi pleased, and though his character anu thoseones hieli form heiael ground of his play aro ali Gr00k, yota has intro lueest sueti a largo Roman element that tho Latin comedies are evidenti eas in a vor different ouldfrom his Gr00k originals Tho very illos of his play are maint Latin and rom Latin re alien the ames of eor-tain f his haraeters, .st the parasite Saturio, PenteuluS, and Curculio. His personages are familiar illi Rome an Italy me finit allusions toruom an custonis, laWs, institution S, Ossicinis, ames, Olonies, and contemporary history. His langunge too ShoWs ueli independeno of his originals It ound in distincti Noman metaphors an similes, in playson oriis, Stri in alliterations assonatices, and ther peculiari idiomati expressions sueti a cannoti the result of translation, ut mus bolon to lautus alone. Plautus, with his fluont stylo, his ealthi Worns, an natura enseo expression has est Soli greates storehous o Latin

POPVlar Speeeli, the ermo olytiris, a contrastest illi themore artifieia literar Style, o sermo urbanus. t the Same

doses Aristophanes in eoining Xfravagant patronymic and other derivativos as et a grotosque mouth-filling Om-

M thpse potnis ars illustrato b Sellar, Roman Poets of the Repub-ἰic, p. 187. S00 187 419 705 1025, and note on 625. See e. u. Dotem titi pili cricupidum 100.

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xiv INTRODUCTION5. ut assum in that Terenuo, dimidia is Menander,' mirror most aithfulintho tone and ensemble essest of tho Ne Atti Comedy, e anno Suppose, tu vie of the great disserendo hiel the mos superfidia reade must detecti tW00n him and Plautus that the earlier riter stricti confino him sol to any one eid. e must, indeest, belleve that in tho Plautin play th author ad iis of at thedramatio refoureos illiin his reach. His iterar aetivitybegan to Narytho end of the edon Puni War, anxit Wasshorti astur 11 . c. that he Atellanae more introdu00dint Rom0. It is highi proba te that these popular er- formances suggesto to Plautus uel of the broad ardean audacious rogiter Which fili his plays. Horaee, ho

Quantus sit Dossennus edacibus in parasitis Epist. 2. 1. 173

and th nomen itsulf of th author is by omo derived romanotho stoeli charaeter in the tollan arce, vig. saecus, tho bussoon The caretes hasterio hicli Horae refers in

is probabi due quit a much to the influone of inartistic

Terene is so styled by Julius Caesar, in an epigram hie Begius: Tu quoque tu in summis, o dimidiate Menander,

PoneriS, et merito, puri Sermoni amator.

Menander Was the hie representative of the Ne Attio Comedy Whichnourishq srom ab ut 336 B.C. tho date of the accession o AleXander the Great to 250 B.C. posses otii fragments of his orli, ut recent dis overi es in Egyptiave made very substantia addition to these. The fabulae Atellanae received thoi nam from Atella, an Scan omni Campania The tollan fare se forti in burtesque the lis of villages, an at an early tim the character sollOwe fixe typos Maceus for X- ample, is a simpleto Oriussoon Bucco a chaltering OOl; appus, a Vainoi mari an Dossennus, a sty illain. Though the lora ere re arranged the dialogue a larget improviSed.

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INTRODUCTION Vpopular entertain ments as to the sordi motive hichille critie imputes tori lautus

Gestit enim nummum in loculos demittere.

The ver percurrere, hieli Horae applies in uel a depreciativo wayrio Plautus, is curiousi simila in meanin toanother, properare, sed in a line here the contexi hows that the characteristic referre t meet With approvat.

Here, in his rapidit os movem sent the preeis fore is dotabiful), Plautus is sal to hau talion Epicharmus as a

Correet in assum in the resone o a large native elementin the comed of lautus, it Would 0 ut natura that his

playS, quite part rom an conseious imitation, hould resemble tho comedios o EpicharmuS. 6. One id os lautus the eoarse, antering eStS, indecorou demeanor, an apparent disregard O common

moralit Whieli many of his plays exhibit - is est e plaine by the merr citandon audis restraine spirit offrolio hiel charaeteri est the rusti festival of the mmans, and whieli a b comparest illi ho Dionysiae reueis, in hiel Gree com0d had iis origin. It is theso revel Whieli account formueli that is offensive o modern

Epicharmus, a Stellian Greela, lived etW00 540 and 450 B.C. He Wastheirstrio introducti thoraruuliar and the parasite a dramati typeS. Jovons, Nisi os Gree Lit. P. 240. The Dorie arces consistud os a Dumber of burteSque Scenes, in hieli appenred certain stoe charaeters, Dot unlike thos in the Atellanae. For an account of early Gree comedy se Barueti, The Gree Di ama The Templo Primers, Maemillan, 1899).

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XV INTRODUCTION