Philodemus: On methods of inference: a study in ancient empiricism

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The existence of peculiarities provides the fifth subaec os controversy. The Stoic holinthat the peculiarities o ob)ecis invalidate analogica inferen e XX. 4-10). Bronaius Clatim Sthat it is possibi to finc corranion qualities underlyin inclividua differen es an these basi similaritie provide a baSiS

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ON METHOD O INFERENCE 194. Contraposition an e recluCe to analogy, but o vice

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Ali vord in the translation enclose in parenthOSe are additiones no found in the Greel text.

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γειν εστι καὶ τὰ την μοι-

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TEXr AND TRANSLATION PHILO DEMUSON METHODS OF INFERENCECol. I Udscitio trues that iby the niet hodi analog it is possibi e

The analogical inferen e of the Epicureans is invalid

The work, Scit has been preserve 1 begins abrupti in the nidsi os a presentation os tot argument ivlii Ch allaCk Epi Curea methodology. The fars argurnent aere presented actuali the thir os a series-seebelow, 49 potnis ut the absur lit os inferring empiricali fron the existence of thing in ur experience to laei existence et se ultere. The Epicurean replyrio his argu nient salve in XII.36 XIV. 2. The secon 1 Stoic argument is that inferetice based on sigiis is validoni in the Case of particular ἔδια signS, O O Conamon κοινὰ SignS. But particular sigris are establighed by the fornaal rmethodis Contraposition; hence analogica inserenC Ahould e rejected. The Epicurea an sive tothi argianaen is ive below, XIV. 2-27. Se also below, 162-163. The distinction et veen Conanaon an particular signS CCur frequently in Greel philosophy, e. g. Sextus Adv. Math. VIII. 143 Ci C. Lucullus 33-34. o. also Sextus distinction bet veen indicative and adimonitive Sign. below,

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30 και τε τράγωνος kowμι Asμόνος ὁ τέτταρ' ἐπὶ τέτταρα

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θνήσκει διαιρούμενον την καρδίαν, στε μ κατ ὰναγ-

II παρ' Mi ανθροπους διαιρουμενους την καρδίαν ἁποθνήσκειντο καὶ πάντας καὶ σπάνια δ' - στιν παρ' μῖν ἔνια, καθάπερ ὁ γε-

δε κα ταξ ιῶμεν επι οἱ παρ' - μῖν αν θρωJποι θνητοί εἰσι, καὶ