장음표시 사용
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ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. - A substantive combined with a partici ple in the ablative is called the Ablative Absolute. Another substantive or adjective somelimes tahes the placeos the participle. H. Fiat haustus, iuva in e paro Smo sumendus, male a draught Io be talen N en ueparo sm comesini. HauStus, urgonis tu, sumendus, Me drangit to be Ialen in case of sufence. The meaning and use of the ablative absolute is explainedlatly on page IOI.
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The INDICATIvE states or affirms. H. Doceo, I Darapvident, VI Scr. The IMPERATIVE Commands, eXhoris, en treatS, Or PermitS. . Recipe, tale Mou. Leni calorε inspissa, inspissate mi homue heat. The present of the conjunctive is constantly used sor the imperative. m. Fiat mistura, fer a mixture se made; Sit flavo
colore, Di u be of a Fel om colour; capiat partem quartam, iat the patient) fati a furtis sarc
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Indirect questions depend on some other Word, expressinguncertaintri and they Consequently require the subjunctive mood. The term obliqua oratIo ' is applied to any statement, command , or question expressed in indirect construction. In using the Subjunctive Mood a speciat order os sequence in the tenses must be observed :-If the veri, in the first clause of a sentence expresses Presentor Future TIME, the dependent verb is put in the Present orΡersect Tense Subjunctive. Is the veri, in the frst clause expresses Ρast TIME, thedependent verb is put in the Imperfeci or Ρluperfeci Subjunctive. Very osten the Latin subjunctive must be translated in
PRESENT, PERFECT, AND FUTURE TIME. eunt Tyme and Tense.
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In other Words, Primata tenses, namely, the PreSent, persect meaning hape) and future, are subordinated to Primary tenses; while Historio tenses, namely the imperfeci, simple-perfeci, and pluper Ct, are subordinated to Historic. Ut, meaning so triat, or tu order Mat, and quin, but that, require the use of the subjunctive. The relative qui, With the meaning os since, although, ruorder Mai, sura that, requires the subjunctive.
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A classical education alone Will not prove Sustulent to master the purely technical delatis involved in decipitering medicat formulae. The majori ty of students are abl e to read prescriptions in such a manner as to render illem faithsul and accurate dispensers, but there are comparatively law Who are Competentio give the correct Latin terminations, or to explain the Construction os recipes offered to their inspection. The mass of Latin medicat formulae are constructed on one plan. The signR, meaning Recipe, faste, stands at the Commen ement; the QUANTITY is put in the accusative; the 1NGREDIENΤ in thegenitive; While the adjective sis any) is in the fame case, number, and gender as the notin With Whicli it agrees. Thus si) R Tinct. Card. CO. 5SS.
un cIam dimidiam. is the contracted Latin for
is the contra ted Latin forRecspe, MagnesIde ponderOSpe Optimae, drachmam. NoW, recIpe is a veri, active transitive, the action passingon to the accusative Case. It is in the imperative inood, secondberson, and demauius, Or takeS, Or goverias, the aCCuSative case.
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LATIN PRESCRIPTIONS. QUANTITY IS PUT IN THE ACCUSATIVE.-The accusati Vecase in a prescription relates to the quantity of the ingredient; in Other Words, the quantity os the ingredient in a preScription is sput in the aCCusative.
NOTE. - It is more Correctio translate 3j. by aeracrimam, thanto Write, drachmam unam, sor the accusative singular of the Latin Word expresses one desinite quantity, and no other.
USE OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FORM OF VERB.
voice, agreeing With the nominative Case, Singular or plurat, contained in the senten Ce. CAPIAT seldom, is ever, cape , third person, Singular number, conjunctive Inood, active voice : let him teger, r.e. the patient, understood in iaste go vertas the accusative, being a transitive verb). Sumo, L tale. Capio, J D e. Mitto, L seu Sumor, I am ω m. Capior, I am taleu. Mittor, I am urit.
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MITTANΤUR, third perSon plurat, voice, agreeing With nominative case, singular or plurat, contained in the sentenCC. Frequent use is also made of the old passive past participiein dus, now Called the gerundive :-
MITTENDUS, A, UM, D be Sent. Invariabin as far as Latin prescriptions are Concerned, thegerundi Ves, Sumendus, Capiendus, and mittendus, solioru therule of adjectives, and must agree in genuer, number, and CaSe vitii the nouns to Whicli they relate.
The forin os partici ple called the gerund belongs to the active voice, and it governs the case of the veri, stom whichit is derived; as, Augendo, vel imminuendo quantitatem, bis easing or dimisi ing the quanti F. Participies in generat and supines govern the cases of their
PRACTI CAL APPLICATION OF ABOVE RULES.
Use of S0Mst, SUMAT, SUMATUR, SUMANTUR, SUMENDUS.
Sumat let istin tale, a statis pari. The active transitive veri, sume, or sumat, passes on to an d
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LATIN PRESCRIPTION S. governs the substantive spartem) placed aster it. This inibstantive, both in graminar and according to our intelligeiace, is the object; ' and there fore in the phrase, Let him Iale a statistari, partem Sextam is in the accusative. On the other hand we must Write Sumatur pars sexta, set a stara pars be Ialen ;
Sumantur partes sex, ut sis sarti be Ia m. The verb is in the passive forin and the action does not paSSOn. The verb does not govern, but is itself governed and agrees With, iis nominative Case in number and person. Isis in the singular, and the veri, consequently is sumdfur: paries is in the plural, and the verb consequently is sumantur. Lastly, we must Write, ei ther Pars Sexta Sumenda, a stara pars D be faten o
ParteS Sex Sumendae, sta parti to be faten. Sumendus is the gerundive of sumo, J Iale, and sol loKs the Same ruleS as an adjective. In the sirst instance, pars is of the seminine gender and in the singular, hence We Write sumenda in the second example, partes is of the seminine gender, butin the plural, and we Write Sumendiar. Use of CAPIAT, CAPIATUR, CAPIANTUR, CAPIENDUS.Capiat cochleare magnum.
Capiat, veri, active; COChleare, accusative case, singularia umber. Vide p. I 5.
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Captat hir, Verb, passi Ve sortia, iliird person sita gular, agreeingv ith iis nominative COChleat C. Capiantur Cochlearia magna duo. Lel Imo lablogoonfuse te faten. Capiantur, verb, passive Orm, third perSon plurat, agreeingwith iis nominative Cochlearia. Cochleare magnum Cypiendum. A labiasgoonfies Io be Ialen. Cochlearia magna duo capienda Tato tablessoonfuls to be faten. Capiendus is the gerundive os capio, I sale, and sol lows the Same rules as an adjective. In the srst instance, Cochleareis of the neuter gender, and in the singular; hence We write, CAPlendum. In the second example, cochlearia is of the neuter gender, but in the plural, and Ne Write CapIenda. Use of MITTE, MITTATUR, MITTANTUR, MITTENDdS. Although the verb active, Re Ipe, fale Mou, is the most usualhea ling os a prescription, MITTE, Senae Mou, solueti meS replaCeSit, and is osten used when a single remedy is prescribed. Mitte is employed also in directions as to the number os pilis or poWders, or even RS to quantity. Mitte vini semInIs Colchsci, 3X. i. e. UnCIAS decem. Send Ira ounces of colchicum ses mine.
The quantity, uncias decem, is in the accusative. Mitte pilulas duodecim. Se id meme pilis. The numbei os pilis being in the accusative.
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LATIN PRESCRIPTIONS. Mitte chartas quatuor Or quatilior). Senae fur pom fera. Chattas, aster the veri, active, Mitte, is in the accuSative Mitte libram. Senae a portuae.
Mittatur piluta. Let one fili se sent. Mittantur pilulae duae. Ler imo fiZA be Sent. In both instances the Latin verb is in the passive forin, and agrees With iis nominative. Pitula is in the Singular, hence Wewrite mittatur; pIlulae is in the plurat, hence We write
mittantur. I. Haustus hora somni mittendiis. The draurrit Io be sent at hae me. 2. Mistura laXativa mittenda. A laxatipe mixture Io be Seus. 3. Emplastrum opIi mittendum. An ostum stas et to be Sent. q. Unciae tres mittendae.
In these Mur instances, which could be multiplied indefinitely, mittendus in sonae sorm is the gerundive of the verbmitto, J Senae It solio us the sanae rule as an adjective, and agrees in gender, number, and case With the substantive to Whicli it relates. Hence, haustuS miuendus, mistura mi unda, e laurum