The gate to Caesar: by William C. Collar

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PREFACE. V

le, common sense suggest the que , is no remove

For, par I contis that I somelime fine iam obscuro.Μoreover, When Lam in doubdias to his meaning and appealto the commentators, I find that they generalty disamee audsomelimes quarret about the sense. Therelare to pulsounglearners to reading Caesar a his ex stands bristling With dissiculties, before the have acquire mythin more than ameagre Vocabula and gaine a modicum os insight by somo practice in readin easter Latin is to et them at a taskhardor than that Whiin Pharain se the Israelites. Lam of the opinion that, even When ades Working Oc mi y has been acquired through some preVious reading thereis no book of th Gallio War that does no requiro a certain degres of simplification to bring it to the lovel of the poWors of oung Mys and iris It is this convictionior o longobservationis the exation o spirit, discouragement, and Waste of timsi pupil in resilin Wit dissiculties that

uris prosumo that thocloarnor Will subsequently read tho completo text.

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vi PREFACE.inovit ly oor them, that has prompte me to ut myhandri this Woin, Which, Alight ascit marseem, has cost me thecloisur of many monilis Buta hali se repat temfold, is, through this litile book Mys and giris are en ledio rea Caesar illi lem ast o time, more asib, Withlaesher interest, an adde sense of ower is, in ther Wor , it prove in realit What it is in ame, amat to

fommotas illis suffcient to explain the principi onwhio Phavo simplified Caesar'a texi the amount of excision, and the dogre of change. I Would have been a compar tivol eas tas to simplis the ex by the mere processos omission, neve deviatinis in the ipsissim verba of theauthor is so much a the change of a mode ostense. Oneoouid do this an stili string together the disjecta membra os in textrinio something like a connecte narrative. Butinat Would berio preservo the integrit of tho ord at theexponse of every thing esse, inne relation, Structum, Style,

spirit. O the simplification miratio effected by a virtualrowritin of the texi is amplification ather than suppre aion, coupled illi changes in the collocation o mortis,

Where in arrangement Aeeme to obscure the me in and perplex the learner.

With tho effori to disburdon it oscit greator dissiculties; third, to mine tho eWost practic te change in What Wasretained these, I bellove bein almos entiret limite tomodification o verbi forma With Me necessar concomitant alterations laurili, ver raret tu change in positionis a Word finalty neve in inser a Word, excepi occasionialy

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PREFACE. VII

connective, lihe et tum itaque autem.

As to the amount of excision Irand that Phavo omittedalmos exacti one-fifth of Caesar' text. I th boginno in Caesar read the simplifie texi and concurrenti turn the Exercise into Latin, layin firmhold of the grammatical principies selecte for illustration, I bolisve M Will find th romaining dissiculties of the original ox no Myon his scope. I hould even opo thatho ould thon read With something of thecio os conscious Wor. Is the ea ling of the texis and tho ritin of tho

Exercise Ahould require more time than is usuali spento the secon book of Caesar, hich, ho ever, I do L Ibellave subsequent progress Would stili bo rapi an sati factor enough to amount to a ne mi an sining of time. It has seemed est o mar long vo eis, except thevo et os finia syllabies and of monosyllabies, the rules formhic canis sadilyraeamed. I have, hoWeVer marhed agemmonosyllabies, as a constant reminde to leachers hosnd thei old pronunciation clinginito certain Ords. eused to a his, sic, non, quin hoc These Woess, theredire,

I have in ked On the otheriand one is in no dange of sayinide, hi si pro formi habit Would nos misisad. I talis lemur in achnowledon in obligation to Μr. Alfredi. Bollarior severa usem criticisms, and tomisa Carolino berratone for caretuli reading the prooLAheelsas far a the Vocabularies Mr Clarenoe, Gleason Iam specialty indobted. mut for his timet an genero 'id, both in the correctionis in proo an in the preparationo the Vocabularies, in publicationis his bookius havo been very considerabi delayed.

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ris Simplifieo Tox an in Exercisos basin Gon it are of thosiret importance. The in voce translationis in Exercises, follo in by the writin of them, ill illustrate an hel to implant in thomemor the mos important principies of syntax met mith in the text. Let the inacher insist Mon horo h mor here, an hema salalyomitiine syntactica instruction. But litus power of readae Latin an o mine mithout maring the acquisitionis a morian vocabulam a distinc objecti The Latin synonyma and the tymological Vocabular may be male aerulagenis to that end. I in morda adde to ac chapter are eadaloud reriemed, and compared Where Misar references are made, thoclearner mill acquire a vaesul tock of synonyma Mily, naturassy, and with sman expenditur of time. It is esten easter o rotat in in a number es, da, non daccordiu to ome principi os similarit o contrast, inanis single mori With nothin to bo it to tho memory. For his remo it is recommended that in Elymological Vocabular be osten presse into. the semice. Suppose, for example the mori conspectus occura in thelsason. 1 the inacher mili turn to page 138 an have in te mordarea Out unde the oo S C, he in multipi severa timos hochances that this particular ori mill o remembere on ita neri occurren . e mill have done muc more. e mill have incremedine chances thalmine ther morda minae love in the memory and tomachine a res interest millis adde is ita being aeen in relation, notria an isolatet, and theres e barren, fact. The ira vocabular may be sed for comparin in the ex thodisserent meaning audisses of the fame moes It icthmum uincomparisona that ne eis at in hear an spirit of the language, Whil cultivating at the fame time a mentia habitis great valve. Having rein the Simplissed exi, the leamedishouldae mellisquippinsor resuing mith in dissiculties that remala in the unchange teri, forino is viready familia mith in though and the languam. Comparison of the wo texta by the eacher, sociar a time permits maynom de male to illustrate important principies, asis indirect disco se, Which are here and there discusael in the notea.

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SIMPLIFIE, TEXT.

Πι Bessos formis eaque against M Roma . I. Cum esset Caesar in citeriore Gallia, crebri ad eum rumores adferebantur. Litteris item Labieni certior Πωbat omnes Belgas contra populum Romanum coniurare obsidesque inter se dare. Coniurandi hae erant causae: primum Verebantur ne ad se exercitus noster adducere stur deinde ab nonnullis Gallis sollicitabantur. Hi Gemmanos diutius in Gallia Versfiri noluerant et populi Romani exercitum hiemare atque inveterascere in Gallia molesto ferebant. Nonnulli mobilitato et levitate animi novis imperiis studebant. Ab nonnullis etiam sollicitabantur, o quod in Gallia a potentioribus atmo iis qui ad conducendos homines facultates habebant, Vulgo regna OccuΡ bantur; qui minus facile eam rem imperio nostro consequi poterant.

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2 CAESAR' GALLIC ARCoesar levia two legiona an marches against them. 2. His nuntiis litterisque commotus eSt Caesar Duas legiones in citeriore Gallia novas conscripsit. In interiorem Galliam qui has legiones deduceret Q. Pedium legatum misit. Ipse, cum primum pabuli copia esses inciperet, ad exercitum venit Senones finitimi Belgis

erant. Ea quae apud Delos geruntur cognoscunt aes remque de his iebus ieer iorem faciunt. Hi constanter omnes nuntiaverunt mauus cogi, exercitum in unum locum conduci. Tum ver non dubitavit Caesar quin ad eos in proficisceretur. Itaque castra movet diebusque circiter quindecim ad fines Belgarum pervenit.

The Remi at nee hol the white Dather. 3. Eo de improviso celeriterque venit Caesar Remi ad eum legatos Iccium et Andocum rium miserunt, qui dixerunt se omnia in fidem atque in potestatem populi Romani permittere Remi neque cum Belgis reliquis

consenserunt neque contra populum Romanum coniur

verunt. arati sunt obsides dare et Caesaris imperata facere et eum oppidis recipere et frumento ceterisque rebus iuvare. Reliqui omnes Belgae in armis sunt. Germani, qui cis Rhenum incolunt, sese cum his coniunXerunt. xo intus est eorum omnium furor ut ne Suessiones quidem deterrere possint Remi. Suessiones fratres Remorum comsanguineique sunt eodemque iure et isdem legibus utuntur. Unum imperium unumque magistratum cum iis habent.'

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BOOK II. Gesar earn the number of the enem's Orces. 4. Cum ab his quaereret quae civitates quantaeque in arulis essent et quid in bello possent, sic reperiebat: plerique Belgae sunt orti ab Germanis Rhenumque amtiquitus traduet ibi consederunt, Gallosque qui ea loca incolebant expulerunt. Soli fuerunt qui Teutonos Cim sbrosque intra sines suos ingredi prohibuerunt. Qua ex re 1iebat ut magnam sibi auctoritatem magnosque spiritus

in re militari sumerent. De numero eorum omnia Sehabere explorata Remi dicebant. Quantam quisque multitudinem in communi Belgarum concilio ad id bellum pol Iolicitus esset cognoverant. Plurimum inter eos Bellovaciet virtute et auctoritate et hominum numero Valebant. Hi poterant conficere armata milia centum polliciti sunte e numero electa sexaginta totiusque belli imperium sibi postulabant. Suessiones Remorum erant finitimi; statissimos feracissimosque agros possidebant. Apud eos fuit rex nostra etiam memoria Divitiacus totius Galliae potentissimus, qui cum magnae partis harum regionum tum etiam Britanniae imperium obtinuit. Nunc erat rex Galba ad hunc propter iustitiam prudentiamque Suam sobolli summa delata QSt.

5. Caesar omnem Senatum ad Se convenire principumque liberos obsides ad se adduci iussit. Quae omnia ab his diligenter ad diem facta sunt Ipse Divitiacum Aeduum

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4 CAEAAR' GALLIC ARmagno opero cohortatus est Rei publicas interest manus hostium distineri, e cum tanta multitudine uno tempore confligendum sit. Id fieri potest, si suas copias edui in 1nes Bellovacorum introduxerint et eorum agro populari coeperint. Hi mandatis eum ab se dimittit. Postea

Caesar Omnes Belgarum copia in unum locum coactasio ad se Venire Vidit neque iam longe abesse. Hoc ab iis quos miserat exploratoribus et ab Remis cognovit. Tum flumen Axonam exercitum traducere maturavit atque ibi castra posuit. Quae res latus unum castrorum ripis fimminis muniebat et post eum quae essent tuta ab hostibusrs reddebat. Commeatus etiam ab Remis reliquisque iubtatibus sine periculo portari poterant. In eo flumine pons

erat. Ibi praesidium ponit et in altera parte fluminis Q. Titurium Sabinum legatum cum sex cohortibus rei, quit; castra in altitudinem pedum II vallo fossaque a duodeviginti pedum munire iubet.

m. M Belgo in sim to n. 6. Ab his castris oppidum Remorum nomine Bibrax aberat milia passuum octo. Id ex itinere magno impetu Belgae oppugnare coeperunt. Aegre eo die sustentatum est. Gallorum eadem atque Belgarum oppugnatio est haec Circumiecta multitudine hominum totis moenibus undique in murum lapides iaciunt. Ubi murus defensorbbus nudatus est, testudine facta portas succedunt murumque subruunt Quod tum facile fiebat Nam cum tanta