A History of the Commandments of the Church

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Was to invite his parishioners to go in confessionand to impose on them a legitimate Penance in con

s In unoquoque anno tri a viribua, id est in tribua quadragellimis, populus fidelia suam confessionem suo saoerdoti faciat, et qui plus fecerit, melius facit. Monachi in unoquoque Eabbato con- semionem faciant.' CHRODEGANO, Remis o nonio rum, Q. xxxii.

P. L., t. LXXXIX. I072.10 Prima autem hebdomada ante initium Quadrageaimae confisalo danda est de omnibus peccatia quae nive opem alvo locutione perpetrantur.' THEODULPH., capitulare 2dum. MANSI, t. XIII, 10I7.11M Feria quarta ante Quadragesimam plebem ad eonfessionem

invitato et ei juxta qualitatem delicti poenitentiam injungite, non ex eorda vestro, ain sicut in poenitantiali aeriptum eat.' Sermo nodalia. Eat, ava Mansi, homilia Leonis W, quao in unodia Iegi aolabat . MANAI, t. XIX, 3I4.1a Similiter lati sunt dies qui a Ma ah opere dominiis paream

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it Was considered Wrong to communicate Without

dum est . . . Primo die jejuniorum quadragesimae, adeo ut spatium habeant confosaionea suas renovar . ' Statuta antiqua abbatiae S. Petri rbsienata, quae monachia auia praescripsit Adal- ardua abbaa, L I, o. ii. P. L., t. UT 538.13 Hobdomada una anto initium Quadragesimae eonfessionea sacordotibus dandas sunt, poenitentia Meipienda. . . . Et ala ingredientes in beatas Quadragesimas tempua mundia et purificatis montibus ad sanetum Pascha accedant, et per poenitentiam aere Vent, quae eat Meundus h tiamus. Confessionea vero dandae nunt de omnibus peccatis, quae sive in opere, nive in eogitatione perpatrantur. Capitula Rodulti Archiep. Bituricem, e. xxxii. In

the folio ing ohapter these capitula forbid, contrary to the anterior texta, the uso of tho penitentiat booka, Which plaeo euahiona under the a1 Wa of the ainnera and pillo a under theirhear i repudiatis sto penitus eliminatia libellia, quoa poenitentiRisa vocant . . . qui consuunt pulvillos, secundum propheticum sermonem, sub omni cubito manua, et faciunt cervicalia sub eapito universae aetatis ad inplendaa anim V . ΙMd., c. xxxiii.

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ast Confiteor etiam quia Corpua et Sanguinem Domini Nostri Jesu Christi indignus, i pollutus, et immundus, et Rinct mn-DRaionct eommunicaVi . . . et in Quadra9Mima, sicut oonstitutumeat, orans sua non fui V MARHNE, De antiquis Ecclesiae ritibua, lib. I, e. Vi, Rrt. 7, t. I, p. 27s, col. I. Praemonere debent om a sacerdotes sos qui sibi confiteri solent ut in capite jejunii concurrere incipiant ad renovandam eonfessionem. Et tunc a cepta, secundum prolatam rationia confessionem, indicet singulis congruam poenitentiam, sive obaervantiam usque in Coena Domini, magnopere intimans illia in praesenti, ut tunc ad raconciliandum festinare nullatenua parvipendant. Si vero intereat eausa aut itineria, aut cujuslibet oecupationia aut ita foris hebea eat, ut ei hoc moerdoa persuadero queat: injunget ei tam quadragesimalem, quamque annualem poenitentiam, et reconciliet eum atatim.' ordo iv. Moles. S. Gatiant Turonen. ordo privatas actu annuadia men tentiae. MABHNE, De antiqvis E Iesiae riti δ, I. I, o. VI, Rrt. 7, t. I, p.

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bis singi IsConfession Three Times a Fear. οW the Lenten confession doVoloped into three confessions

64, P. L., t. CXL, 677, 578.

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Was perhaps a regulation os ecclesiasticia discipline rathis than a mere question os conscience. Later, When pious Christians, of their oWn accordand from reasons of devotion, presented them- solves for the fame exercises as publio Sinners, theyevidently sought the meritorious fide os penance, the purification of the foui by the t sold means os confessional absolution and penitentiat exem

For the publio staners tho obligation reminin ovo ali a disciplinary one. But as confessionbecame more frequent, the theology of the praγtice Was studied mors thorouo . Among the nine or ten means inita the Fathers and Doctora formerly enumerated as sincient in procursine remission os stas, ' sacramental confessionMin iis ensuing absolution became more and more Prominent. It came to bo considered thonomia means os remining the state of grace ; andine result Was that oonfession for the maiorio ofine fiathsul Meame an obligatory Dreparation foreata communion os PrecePl.

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Ut omnia popuIua in Pascha et Pent oste, et Natali Domini poenitentiam agaei et communicet, clerici vero in omnibus majoribus festia communicent.' Synod. Stris ien. II14 , e. lv. Mansi, t. XXI, 100.3a Ses History of tho Firat Commandment, supra.

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Oportet tamen, addit sinisJ, et vos ipsos ter vel quater in

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general one is that intch is made every day at inemorning Mass and the mening ossios, i. e. at C-pline, for the veniat and occuli si . The confession that is obligatory thres timos a M. is insspsciat confession. This has for iis object mortaland public sins; the clarios ars held to mine it every Saturday, lay peopte three times a year, at

they do it minor throno habit than diom motives

of contrition. a.

. Duplex est autem peccati confissio, quaedam generalis, quaedam apecialis. Generalis, quae fit in dies, in inorificio matutino et Hapertino, id est in eompletorio, pro venialibus et occultis; specialis, quae fit pro mortalibus et manifestiar ad quam tenentur eseriei singulis sabbatia, tales vero ter in anno tenentur apecialiter confiteri r videlicet in Natali Domini, in P ehato et in Pentecoste. Ib., 172-173. as 'Sed hodie invaluit ut vix Ialeua vel clerima aemes eonfiteatur in anno, et dum confitetur, timendum eat ne eonfiteatur potiua ut satisfaciat eo uetudini, quam ex contritione animi. Ib. Di0jtigod by IOOOle

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tempt Was made in m e the discipline uniform is imposing meryWhere a minimum os obligation, butinis minimum Was honossoris to bs mors strictly

s It has also Men aeon above What an important pari thopriest played in his parish in au that eonoerned os spiritualliis es his parishionera.