A History of the Commandments of the Church

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the penalties inflicted by the decres of the

Lateran. asas 'Confessionea tres in anno audiantur . . . quieumque Rutem semel in anno, ad minus, proprio non confessus fuerit sacerdoti, et ad minus ad Pascha Euchariatiae aacramentum non Re perit, nisi consilio aut sacerdotia duxerit abstinendum: et vivens, ab Di0jtigod by IOOOle

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ta some dioceses the publication of the decres Omnis Was deemed suffcient ; ' but in nearly allino documents len us, in addition to the obligations

of this decree, the constitutions or particular cuStoms then in Vome Were retained, that is, the obligation os confessing three times a year before eachos the thres obligatory communions. Such is inscase at Τοulouse, in 1229, and ths decree Which recalis this obligation begins s it an intentional incidenoe With the fame Worda as that os ins Lateran: UThe faithful of both sexes, Who have attained the age of discretion, shial confess theirsius thres times a year, estis to HS OU Pastor, . . . in order to receive thres times a year the Sacrament of the Eucharist, confession alWays Predem

ingraasu Meleaiae arceatur; et mortuus christiana eareat sepul

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communicato postquam M annos discretionis pervenerit, ' and then ashe and the question Was est WOrth ossiciat consideration because of the penalty imposed for disobedience t What amone attained the Uannos discretionis. Το-day the common teaching of theologians is Weli determined. The age of discretion is reached hen reason is sussiciently developed to distinguish

in charge of Aouis of the obligation inita they ars under of hearing the confession os ali childron Whohave attained that age, even though they have notyet made their first communion. Everyone did not reason thus at the time os ins Lateran Cou il. While the canon omnis utri usqus serus restricted uself to the class of vague

30 Omnes autem utriusque sexus, postquam ad annos diser tionis advenerint, confessionem peceatorum faciant ter in anno proprio sacerdoti; . . . ter in Uno . . . saeramentum Euchariatiae cum omni reverentia suscepturi; ita quod confessio communionem praecedat.' Cons. Tolomn. sI22s , c. Titi. HANAI, L

XXIII, Is7.

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m. 2.33 Illi vero qui eonfiteri oontempserunt saltem semel in annon quartodecimo anno supra, rivis, introitus Ecelesiae . . Cono.

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not in sensu diviso but in sensu composito. Τhs-οle of the texi Was considered not as is colleetion of Various obligations, but as Only one obligation, comprising at the fame time the precept of confessim, that os communion, and the punishment

threatened by both. The precepi and the penalty

Non here os a legat obligation imposed by thsChurin, it Was evidently in the iuridical senso that

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as Et dieitur doli capax, quando est proximus pubertati secundum quoadam: quam opinionem sequitur Petrus de Aneharan . . . et subdit . . . quod Proximus pubertati dicitur, quum magia appropinquat futurae, quam praeteritas infantiae: quod contingit in maseulo, quando habet decem annos et dimidium, et aliquantulum ultra, et in femina quando habet undecim annos Et dimidium, et ultra aliquantulum.' S. MmNINUS, Summo Thmissim, P. IX, tit. ii, e. viii, 2. Verona, 1740, t. II, p. 989-sso. Temerarium ergo videtur asserere, et publice praediore, quod immediate post septennium teneantur pueri ad latud praeceptum aervandum: aliaa peceant mortaliter, et ipsi et parentea eorum, qui non faciunt eoa confiteri. Sed bene laudabile est stpium, praedicare, et exhortari parentea parvulos auos septennes et quinquennes, ut faciant eonfiteri, ut aio Mauefaciant ae moribuaehristianorum, etiamsi nondum habent usum rationis, quamvis non teneantur.' Ibid., 990. Di0jtigod by IOOOle

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The Mason of the riar at Which Confession

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Sunday. The fame legislation existed at clermoni. In Liam the period Was stili further extended, viz. trom Candiemas to Palm Sundari and under the fame penalties. ' ElaeWhors the Lentenperiod Was indicated si as tho time designated for confession. R The pastors had in instruet their partinionera a ut it fram Septuagesima q42 Presbyteri auos par hianoa moneant . . . quod omnes Saltem patrea familias et matrea, ad eonfessionem veniant ante Paaeha floridum: et qui hoo negligentea fuerint, in poenam, usque Post octavam mactae, ad eonfessionem non admittantur: sed uaqua

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priost; this had beon done by the Whole protous legislation. ris judge of the penitentiat dirum Was primarily the biinop and then the pastor of ths

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These dispositions, confirmed by the decree Omnis, Were maintained in diocesan and provinciallegislation, and met With no opposition untii thespread os ins Mondicant Ordors in tho thirteenth