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restraining the ossicient causes os mutatiotis, Whenever the lalter
204. Aut stili, although this cortical substance be the principatagent in iis animal kivdom, yet it is nol the prime determinant; for it is itself determined by, and bulli and woven os, the pureStsibres; being thus the 'st determination of the spirituous sui
by means of which determination the foui, as the universat forceand substance, is able to sow into the actions of iis body. We
have Hready Osten potnted to this conclusion. Thus we have She Kn that every part of the cortical substance is constructed sor the most persect force, and into the most perfeci form, of nature, of the last enus os the vesseis and of the first onds of the fibres, by an amaging procesS Of conneetion, mutuni Supor- position, and distinct complication. There re not the cortices Substance, but the fluid in the cortical substances, is the sirst determinant, and Whicli carrien to the highest power in the animal, contaius ali things in iiself that evor come to the rationes sight, and Dom it to the ocular Sight, and to the senses of the body. Henee the nature of this suid must bo explorenis We Wish to explore the nature of anything else in the livingbody. For as the Whole corporeat system is to iis bruin us thebrain is to ea li particular cortical substance, So is the cortical Substance to every part of this fluid, Which thoreiore holds thubighest place, Dom Whicli as Dom a mirror on a toWer, like asoul, it contemptates ali Other things as iis inferiors in Order.
Because this fluid is the first, simplest anu Only substance that rolgus in ali the body, Dorn whicli stud according to the nature of Whicli flow uJl things that are visibio in that entire determinest series. Consequently the spirituous fluid is the highest, inmost,
remoteSt, most universat anil most perseet substance in the
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eVe Where most present, the ali in every pari, the only sub Statico that lives, and the sirst in iis series, seo fari Ι., Chapter III.; and I shail also proceud to demonstrato it in the nexi Chapter. The universat substance is the purest blood, or the Spirituous suid, but the commou or generat substance is the rodblOOd. The universat and the common are very different Domeach Other. The universat is What reigus everyWhere in thoentire series, into Whatever number of degrees the series bodistinguished, and likeWise in the generat itself. But the generalembraces, Or contains in itSelf, Succe8Sively or Simultaneousty the Wholo series With iis degrees. But let us illustrato this matter by eXampleS.'The spiritu iis fluid is the universat substance reigning in every living system, and even in the red blood. The medullaryor simplest nervolas fibre in Whicli the suid suid dWolis, is tho universat vesset both in the nerves and in the blood-vesseis, and consequently in the whole body. The motivo fibre of tho first degree, Or the pureSt motive fibres, composed of the abovenorvo us fibriis, is the universat motive fibre, or the ali in every part anil in the whole of the muscle. The pia mater is more
universat thau the dura mater, and there is anOther mater more
universal thun the pia mater namely, the piissima materi ;Where re the pia mater is tWOfolii. And so in other structures. For the universat enters into and determines IOWer things, to
vhicli it givos their esse and posse; Dom Whicli the Series principalty derives iis essenue and nature, and by Whicli it is distin
But tho red blood is tho common or generat fluid of the animatu body, sor it contatus in it the purer blood, and this thopia rest. Τhe artery and Vein, Whicli convey the red blood, aro
fibre composed of the vesseis of this biood, is the common fibro in the muscle; because ii embraces and contains in it the motivo fibres of a loWer ordor. The dura mater is the common tunicos tho brain, but Dot the universal; as the externat tunic of thebody is the common tunic, sitice it includes ali the essentiat aud
On the subject of the ternis tiniversat anil generat, the reader mill find muchimportant insorination in the Animal Kinydom, ti. 3I2-324, and the notes.- Tr.
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integral series, or est the viscera of itS body. The Same Observation applies to nil other things; as sor instanee, to the auras of the Worid, and to the minerat and vegetable Lingstoms of
Is there bo a series of three degrees, the general or Common of this series is What involves them ali; is a series be constituted of two degrees, What in this series is callest the infer1Or uni-Versat, is also the generat Or common. But is a series be simple, or Only consists of One degree, in this case the generalo incides With the universat. Τhis is the rea8On Why We promiscuousty confound the generat With the universat, mr Werarely is ever entertain a distinct idea os degrees : although the human rational miud,-mistress of philosophy,-is perfectlyncquaintest With both their esseticos, and when test to herselfand to her oWn poWers, We being unconsciouS the While, In ordinary Speech and expression, She very rarely substitutes theone sor the other. Theresore in every series of things subord1Dnted, in Whicli there are three degrees, there is an inferior universat intermediate betWeen the superior universat and thegenerat, and so On. Henoe the spirituous fluid is the universallaree Or Substanee, or the foui of iis body; but the rod blood is
206. But it is in vain to attempt to search Out the stupendous and to Our minds almost inaccessibio properties of the paris of this fluid, unless Wo instruct Ourselves in the doctrine os series and degrees, and persect it by means of the mathematical
philosophy of universals, by iis mute terms and technic signfinituitely more loquaciolis than rational philosophy by iis ideat pratiling and indeterminate forms. Ρari I., Chapter VIII.)
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only Way to accomplisti this, is by the philosophy We have
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being constructed a cording to the image of the solars nature,or according to the form os iis operatiotis. Thus did I suem to See, and yet not to See, the very objeci, With the destre ofknoWing Whicli 4 Was Devor at rest. But at longili I aWOke asDom a deep fleep, When I discovered, that nothing is farther removed Dorn the human understanding than What at the Same time is reatly present to it; and that nothing is more present toit than What is universat, prior, and Superior; Since this entersinto eVery particular, and into everything posterior and inferior. What is more omnipresent than the Deity, n him We live, and Rre, and move,-and yet What is more remote DOm tho spheroof the understanding 3 In vain does the miud stretch iis poWers to attain to any degree of knowledge of the essentials and attributos of this Supreme and omnipotent Being, beyondWhat it has plua sed Him to reveni in proportion to each mau's individual exertions. Ρari II., n. 252.)209. There is nothing, hoWever, more common to the humanrace, than the Wish to mount at Once Dom the loKest sphere totho highest. Τhus every sciolist and tyro aspires Dom the rudi metits of his scienco forthWith to iis tostiost summit; as Domthe rudiments of geometry to the quadrature of the circle; om the rudiments of mechanism to perpetuat motion; Domthe rudiments of chemistry to gold and alcati est; from the rudiments of philosophy to the substantia prima, or firsi substanco of the World; and Dom every science to the human solii. Andis Wo turn Dom the love of the sciences to the love of the worid, who does not long for the highest station, and Who does notstrive for honor aster honor, for estate upon CState, and Wealthanu redundance of goods ' Can you potnt out any considerable number in civit society Who place a check or limit to efforis of
possibi e summit of their Wishos 3 Thus tho ambition of Adam romaius deoply rooted in the nature of his posteri ty, and everyone ns a son of earlli stili destres to touch the heavens With his
210. But the more any one is perfected in judgment, and tho bottor he discurus the distinctions of things, the more clearly
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wili ho perceive, that there is an order in things, that there aredegrosis of ordor, and that it is by these Mone he can progress, and this, step by step, hom the loWest sphere to the highest,
liave searched the globe for them, in some Obscure caIe1n; forinStanee, in Some occult position, of the nature of Whicli theythemselves, and the Wisest of men, are equulty ignorant. 2II. The doctrine of Series and Degrees hOWeVer, Onlyten hos the distinction and relation belWeon things superior undinferior, or prior and posterior; it is unable to express by anyndequate terms of ita OWn, those things that transcend thesphore of familiar things. Is there re We Would ascend to alligher altitude, We must use teritis Whieli are stili more abstruet, universia, and eminent, test We consoland with the corporealsenses things, of Which We ought not o ly to have distinci perceptioris, but Whicli, in reality, ure distinet. Henee it 1s neces-
UNIVERSA Ls, Which shail be en led not only to signify bigherideas by letters procveding in simple ordor, but also to redueethem to a certain philosophicul calculus, in iis forin and in Someos iis rules not unlike tho analysis os infinitus; for in higherideas, much more in tho highest, things occur too inessabie to
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be represented by common' ideas. But, in truth, What an Herculean tasti must it be to bulld up a system of this kiud lWhat a stupendous exercise of intellectual poWor does it requiret For it demands the vigilance of the entire animal miud, and the assistance also of the superior mind or soul, to Whicli scienceis proper and naturat, and whicli represenis nothing to itself by the Sigus used in speech, takes nothing DOm the common Cntn-logiae of Words, but by means of the primitive and universaldoctrine We have mentioned, connate both With itself and withthe Objects of nature,-abstracis Out Of ali things their natureand eSSence; and prepares and evolves each in the mutest silenue. To this universat science, there re, ali Other Sciences and aris are subjeci ;' and it advances through their innermost mysteries as it proceeds Dom iis OWn principies to causes, and
us an Other fori os logie and critic, than What We have been
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in another place he observes: The ideas that ethies are con-Versant abolit, heing nil real essenees, and 8uch as I imagine have a discoverable connexion and agreement One With another; so sar as We can find their habitudes and relations, SO far We
Shail be possessest os certain, real, and generat trullis; and Id ubi not, but is a right method mere tinen, a great part Ofmorality might be made out With that clearness, that could leave,
have to do ubi of the truth of propositions in mathematic8, Whichhave been demonstraten to him.' Book iv., chap. xli., k viii.)That to such a science, seen So obseurely, yet SO deSi rabie, any other Way cnu lead than the doctrino of the order, Or of the Series and degrees, existing in the worid and nature, I cannotho induced to belleve; sor ait the other sciences, like deriVative Streams, regard this as their fountain head: and ns 1t penetrates into abstraci principies, and into a Geld os ideas Where a faculuresides that only thiniis, but has no speech, and WhiSperS HOWord, but bellolds the meanings of WOrds, represeritS them toitself, and distributes them into a certain quantity of quantilles; so it can give in a Shori compass, the mode, ruleS, Rud formpertaining to a certain supreme science Which by mute letters
Will nicely designato things that cati scarcely be signissed by Words, Without periphrasis and long and circuitous periodS. This is the science Whicli I just noW called the Mathematical
cipate by baro thought; but Wo fhail find it out by their Wonderfui application to examples, for they extend to everything. Is judgment consist in the faculty of distinguishing one simple
essecis in Whicli these causes appear, although they appear Ob- Scurely, and never distinctly, and scarcely at all, Without ouae having recourse to the higher 1ntellectual poWerS. 213. But even Were it granted, that the Doctrine of Orderand the Science of Universals were carried by the human mind
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to the acme of perfection; nevertheless it does not solio v that We Should, by these means alone, be brought into a linoWled geos ali that cati bu known; for these sciences are biit Subsidiary, Serving only, by a compendious method and mathematical certainty, to lead us, by continuod abstractions und elevations Ofthought, Dom the posterior to the prior Sphere; or Dom tho Worid os offecis, Whicli is the visibio, to the worid os causes and principies, Whicli is the invisibio. Hence, in ordor that these
and to the phenomena of the senses; Without Whicli they Would rematu in a state of bare theory and bare capability of aidingus. Algebraical analysis, for example, Without lines, figures, and numbers, applied to the objects of natural philosophy and generat economy, Would be Only a beauti fui calculus, destituto of any practical application to the uses of lise. The forogoing
the possibility of being rebulli.
214. This, and DO Other, is the reason that, Uith diligent study and intense application, I have investigated the anatomyof the body, and principalty the human, so far as it is known Dom eXperietice; and that I have folloWed the anatomy os alliis paris, in the fame manner as I have here investigated thecortical substance. In doing this, I may perhaps have gone be-