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the state of tho humati mind Dom this circumstatico, that it is R maXim never to stive credence, or implicit assent, to anythius butactual demonstration; and should any one sol himself to Work in furnishing the demonstration, the opinion theu is, they mu8tnewt hear the olher fide. For experietice teuches that there is nothing that an orator may nos est lish, as an aliquot part Ofmany disserent series of ratiocinations, and a philosopher, Ofmany series of facis; just as One Syllabie, WOrd, or phra8e, may
one color in an infinite number of pictures. The miud indoedmay, at the time of iis formation, be embued also With principies derived Dom sophistical arguments, but these are not Sodeeply rooted as perhaps We may thin k; sor the intellect, in iis maturer age, festis that it is Deo, and in a state for judging Domthe principies received in infancy, from those Since superinduced, and Dom others traced out by iis oWn individual experietice; the consequence of Whicli is, it accedes o ly to those that dis- play to it the greatest light os fruth. For so far as Ue placeoursolves in bondage to the judgments of others, We limit our saeuities, and consign Ourselves to flavery; Wheres ore there is no rationes mind that does not aspire to the evi Gyment of iis oWn goiden liberty, and With this vieW ranges in thought Overuniversat nature, in Order to sud out the truth, arid, Whereverit lies, to receive it With open embrace. In things divine thocase is disserent; since they are ever Specioiasty inculcased Recording to disserent religious creeds, in rogard to Whicli themiud is command ed to abdicate the use of reason; so that theimpressions the minu receives On these Subjecis rem ain permanently sacred and inviolate, froin the daWn of intelligetice to iis
216. Mea While, those disputes that tali e place among theleaders of the learned and the lights of the wOrid, concerning the foui, to Which We are eternalty to transfer the happiness Weenjoy in the body, and whicli disputes never can be setiled by
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more in them selves, they presume less upon the impossibility of coming to persect knowledge. I there re, We deprive thesoul of every predicate that belongs to materiat things, as OfextenSion, figure, Space, magnitude, and motion, We deprive the miud of everything to Which, as to an anchor, it can attachiis ideas; the conseque ce is, that every one is test in doubtWhether, after ali, the fout be anything distinet Dom an ens rationis; and Whether there can possibly be an intereOurse be- tWeen tWo entities, to one of Whicli is ascribest the privative of the ollior, or of One extreme of Whicli there is no assignableuotion. But I know that human minds, Whicli are more capilleos understanding than of Willing the truer aspects of things, that is, are more intelligent than we thinii in guessing trullis out of the collision os probabilities and appearances,) do Π0t suffer themselves to be deceived by outWard shews, or yield their
they see that the last things are demonstratively connected and confirmed with tho sirst by intermediates. 217. We may consider ii as an establishod laci, that Whenany one attains the truth, nil experienee, both generat and particular, Will be in his favor, and givo him iis suffrage; and that ali the rules und decisions of rational philosophy Will naturalty and spontaneoiasty do the fame; and that various Systems Will so come into agreemetit and unity With each other, thateuch Will be confirmed thereby: for there is no system but is bulli upon ascertained phenomena, and upon Such principieS as Will enable us to reconcile the higher sphere With the loWer, and the spiritual With the corporeal. When truth herself uallis fortit to the light, and comes upon the stage, then conjecturOS disappear, and the spectres seen and imagined in the dark ure dissipated. There is no difficulty that she does not remove; nomortal that she Dars ; no rock ou Which she munderes. TO herit is gi ven to look into tho holy of holius, though not to enterit; for the truth of naturo, and the truth os revelation, hoWeVer
Separate, are never ut variatice. But in order that the truth
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Who Can extend, and apply, thoir mental vision throughout the Whole ordor of confirmatory facis; aud, in the perception Os
assections. But this posser is not granted to ali, for Cicero
former, it asseris, that the truth is to bo fought sar boyonii the range of the eye; and, in regard to the luiter, that in allthe nature of things there is no suci, thing as an occult quali sy; in faci that there is nothing but is either ali eady the subject of
Dom the authority or credit duo to the lucubrations os others, adorned, as they are, With genius and the Sciences; sor everyone, in proportion as he appronches the truth, deserves his ou nlaurei. Os What consequenco is it to me that I should persunde any one to embraee my opinionS 8 Let his OWn reason persuadehim. I do not undorlaho this Work for the salie of honor Oromolument; both of Whicli I shun rather than Seek, beeausothey disquiet the iniud, and bocause I am content With my lot: but for the salio of the truth, Which alone is immortal, and hasiis portion in the most persect order of nature; honoe in theseries o lv os the ends of the universo Dom the sirst to the last, Whicli is the glory of God; Whicli onds He promotes : thus Isurely know Who it is that must reWard me. I Will no v nrrangetliose first fruits of my psychological labors into chapterS, Recording to the method hitherio adopted.
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2l9. Froin the anatomy of the animal b Ody We clearly perceive, that a certain most pure fluid glances through the sub-llest fibres, remote Dom even the neutest sense; that it reigiis universalty in the Whole and in every part of iis OWn limiten universe or bOdy, and continues, irrigates, nouriSheS, RetuntOS, modisies, soritis, and renovates everything therein. This fluidis in the third dugruo ovo tho blood, Whicli it enters as thesrSt, Supreme, inmOSt, remotest, and most perfeci Substanceand force of iis hody, as the sole and proper animal force, andas the determining principio os nil things. Where re, is thesoues of tho hody is to bo the subject of onquiry, and the communication belWeen the foui and the body to bo investigated,
We must first examine this quid, and ascertain Whethor it agroes With our predicatos. But as this quid lies so deeply in natule, no thought can enter into it, excepi by the doctrine of series and degrees joined to experieiice; nor can it be described, Excepi by recourse to a mathematical philosophy of universals. 220. From the anatomy of the animal body we clearly perceive, that a certain most pure suid olances through the subilest Fbres, remote from even the acutest sense. Os this suid w0 havo ulready discoursed ut longili in the presens and in the formersari; in tho sequel also it Will continue to oceupy our nitention ; for there is nothing in the body that dous not confirm iis existence; so that We can by no means do ubi os iis actuali ty, Or of iis ossicient poWer, Whenever an effect appears. It is fortho salie os investigating and beooming aequainteit With this
fluid, that I have applied myself With ali possibi e diligetice to
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c0ntinues everything therein; for it is educod wliore it is con-CeiVed, out of the cerebrum, the two medullae, and their perpetuat Origins Or cortical substances, and transmitted by continuity in to the entire body as their subjeci and adjeci, so that Whatever does not exist and subsist Dom it, is no part in the unanimous system. It irrigates; for it is most perfectly fluid, SO that the greatur an d more excellent is the portion os it that the blood possessos, tho more suid is the blood to be accounted. See Ρaris I. and II.) It nourishes and fornis; Whence it is callud the formative substance fari I., Π. 253, Seqq., Π. 27 I), the mollier and nurse Os ali the others, present in the minutest
tation to every litile pore, pa8Sage and form. Wherelare also it renovates and repairs every deficiency in the connecting paris, and thus perpetuatly continues and pursues iis Work of formation. It actuales and modises; sor by iis action We live, and by iis life we aci: it is present in a moment in the motive fibre ofevery muscle at the intimation Os iis brain, and in a moment transfers the larms Os forces, and the images, DOm the particular sensoria to the generat Sensorium: and Whereuer it glances through iis fibre, it is analogous in iis nature to the auras. See
speali more clearly, it is in the sirst degree, since the red bloodis in the third, as We have at ready aseertained DOm EXperieneo. But it is of great importarice to have a clear idea Of order, or Ofa series, and of the degrees in a series; for Whicli purpose See Pari I., Chapter VIII. But Since We are SO Osten repentin g, that this, or the other thing, is in a superior Or inferior, in aprior or posterior degree; Or What amounts to the fame, is more
feci, kc.; and Since these things imply a distinct notion os division, it may uot be ami88 again to explain the relative terms superior nnd inferior. Let the idea be talien Dom the subjectbe re iis, or the bl Ood. The bl ood is callud an animal fluid of tho third degree, and Whether it be a large volume, as in the
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to bo blood os iis oWn degree. Τhus in Whatever manner ita volumo be divided, Whether it be into a pari, or Whether theparis be multiplied into a larger volume, it is stili blood os iis OWn degree, and retains the nature of iis pars, Whicli is thel east image of a volume; for it is iis unit, Whose numbers are aggregates of Severat uniis.' But is Wo divide this part orglobule of blood into iis primordial or constituent particles, thenthe result and ompring of this division is a disserent kiud os
cease to be the purer blood, or blood of the superior degree. Atid that ench sphorulo is again divisibie into others immenselySmulier, may agatu be Verisied by the microscope. See Ρaris I. and II., passim. Where re there are uniis of it also, theniimber of Whicli probably surpasses, beyond ali imagination, those perceived by the highest microscopical poWers. In orde theresore, to arrive by this purer or mediate blood, at the nexi
highor blood, let iis divide a part of it, in thought, Since We cannot divide it by sight, into iis prior, that is, iis constituentor primitive elemenis; and We shali then come to that purest fluid, Whicli is suid to bo in the third degrue above tho blood; or in the sirst when the rod blood is put in tho third. Α similarlaw prevatis in ali other things; since there is nothing in naturet,ut is a Series, and in a series. Ρari I., n. 584, 586.) Unlessthis idea of division and composition be familiari ged to the mind, Me shali perceive nothing distinctly in the various objects of
nature, but consoland with sense those things that nature Successively aud distinctly involves, and successively and distinctly
See the doctrine of uniis or unities illustrated in the case of the vesicles Os the
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Ρari I., n. 629.) But We must beWare lest Ke conmund the degrees of these series With those of things successive, of Whichwe have at ready trented. We are thus supplied With an explanation Of the Subsequent clause, nam ely, that this suid is in thethird depree a bove the blood, which it enlers as the fr8t, Supreme, inmOSt, remole8l, and most perfeci substance and force of iis b0dy, a8 the Sole and proper animal force, and as the determinino princFle of ali thinos. Seo the articios cited abovo hom both
223. It Only romnins for iis to consider What is signified by tho foroe that is attributed to this suid; for it is callod the sub
in so sar as the Substances are Lept in equilibrium; and no force
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can exist excepi by mutation, Without Whicli it is a non entity;
nor can it be abstracted, excepi in thought. From mutation, modification or motion floWs; Where re there are RS many Species of forces, as there ure of mutations, and of modifications or motions thenee resulting; and there are aS many Series and degrees of forces as Os substances. Respecting the Order
distention and motion; each suid perfectly or imperfectly, ac- corning to iis essetice and form; for the quality os forces is relative to the state of the substance. Thus the fluids of the
Carth, as Water, Oil, SpiritS and mercury, represent forces in onemantior; the fluids of the Worid, RS air, ether, Or the RUrRS, represent them in another manner; and the animal suids, astho red blood, and the purer, and the purest blood, again represent them in another manner; kc. In generat, fluids are intrinsiently more perfeci the higher they are in their series, fari I., n. 615, 616,) and the more their paris are by nature accommodaten to the variety of nil mutations; also the more expansite and compressibi e they are, und the less coherent; hunce tho more modis inbie; the less they suffer any Ioss of the forces impressed; thus the more fully they represent ut One extreme of a series the images and disserenues of the othe1; themore they aut by elastici ty rather than by non-elastic force orgravi ty; the more equalty they pre88 in every direction, namely,
om tho centre to the cireumferetices, and Dom the cireumfer- ences to the centro; so that One and the Same part may Seemto bo ut Onco in the centre, in any radius, in any cireumferenee,
and in a thousand of these Successively and simultaneousty :Whonce they are mund, each according to iis nature, touehing, pressing upon, and actuating every potnt in the most perfectmniiner. Such are the forces of the auras of the World; and Sueli are those of the purost animal fluid. Heuco tho fluid Substances Whicli produce these resulis, may justly be called the
cept by their essedis . Common modification perceived by a Sen-
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rationis. In this respect the purest fluid in the animal bodyis the substance and Drce, and the most persect nature of iis littie Worid. But the subject of forces is so extensive, that itcannot be distinctly understood Without traversing universalnature generalty and particularly; and Whoever Will undertakothis task, may find this rule of service, that substances discoverWhat they are by the mode of their sorces. Respecting the force of the present fluid, see below, Ρari II., n. 338-341.224. Where fore, is the foui of the bo is to be the subjeci Uenquiry, and the communication belween the foui and the bo to beinvestigaleg we must Frst Gamine this suid, and ascertain whetherit agrees with our predicates; that is to say, Whether iis attributes agrest With those of the foui. Hence is me grant that the
by iis evolution presenis this fluid as the highest and most in-Ward to tho mitid of the anatomist; und thon hands it over tothe philosopher to be discussed, and sor him to setile umether