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ipse quoque in silvis et vallibus Appennini
exilem ducens tecto sub paupere vitam delitui qua templa petit Romana viator et qua Flaminios fugiens laterna per agros ducit ab angustis undosum vallibus amnem arce sub Ociami, nostris ubi dicta Camenis tecta Refrigerius sublimi in colle tenebat.'
tion. λ The it Was disturbe by the Orsini an Colonna
De suorum temporum calamitatibus, Lib. I. The laterna receives a grate sui mention again in the poem Alfonsus, Bologna ed., Igoa, fol. 26o.
λ' Florido Ambrogio, p. cit. 43, who add that he was appotnted tutor of the arquis ederico' child ren O Jan. 23. 479, he rotet his frien Refrigerio rom Regio, explaining that he had fled fro Mantua ecause of the plague o Jan. 29, 4SO, and Feb. 6,I48o, he wroteo hi fro Mantua. In I 476 Apr. 28 and Julyeti an in I 478 Aug. Ia he had ritte to the fame corre Spondent from Boloma. In I 8 and 48 he eem to have been again in Boloma The irs Parthenice a published a ioloma, Feb. II, 148I, an in the fame ea Refrigerio could calloimself Mantuan's pupil ipse, qui eius disciplinas quotidie haurior L. Frati, Giorn. stor. d. leti ital. XII, 327-8) Oct. I, I 482, and Nov. 2 G482, he wroteo Caesar apeus, of risighella, fro Bolo a DThere I cis A. c. . are manu script optes of the letters mentione in this note in the it Librar of the Universit of Boloma.Jλ Congregationis Mantuanae Observantium Carmelitarum Vicarius,' as e calis himself in his pro se account of the anta Casa at Loreto Sept. 22, I 489 . In I4I3 three Carmeli te convenis, te
Selve nea Florence , Gerona, and Mantua, agree to correct certainabuses hicli ad crepi into the order; and this combination de- vel ope in to the Congregation o Mantua, o Mantuan Reform. In I 442, it achieve quasi- autonom unde a vicar-generat B Mantuan's time, it ad rought unde iis authorit severat ther ouses in orther Italy, Novellara, Modena, errara, etC.
a Florido Ambrogio, p. cit. 63, 69 77, 78, I, 84. i. The Epigrammata ad Falconem mere rit te during this period, and o were ome of the Silvae. In the Epistola contra Calumniatores e says, dum Romae sub Sixto quarto agerem V Lyonsed. ISI 6. sol Aa, vi P and Florido ambrogio recordi op cit.,
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Turbida nunc Vrsos clamat, nunc Roma Colunnam; esse quid attonita pacis in urbe potest pet nisi Falconis scirem me numine tutum iam mea populi se cerneret ora Padus. Propterea divi repetes cum limina Petri, ne fluat in longos fac mea causa dies. ε
tu mihi tractanti Romana negotia semper assiduas operas auxiliumque dabas.
6s that it was thrount, his essoris that in I 483 Sixtus IV confirme the privileges grante to the Congregation o Mantua by Eugenius IV. The poem Pro pacata Italia post bellum errariense Silvae. VIII, 6 seem to celebrate the pene os August. 484: an it is ad dresse to the Cardinal os Napies. The poem In Romam bellis tumultuantem Silvae. II. 7 . ith iis allusion to the stri seos the Orsini an Colonna factions probabi belong to the fame year. ut the Consolatio ad dresse to his rien Sabad in is date dat the en Bononiae die secunda Februarii. 483.' An the Pane-zyricum o Roberto da an Severino I 483 was notorii te at Rome decus Italiae tantoque accinge labori V Bologna ed. , Iso 2 sol. iii . Silvae, I, 3 an V, 4 both ad dresse to Innocent VIII reser to the panisti embassy hicli arrange pence e tweenthe ope and the in os apte in unust. 486-an in one os
them Our Poet writes s an ye-vvitness. The omnium Romanum
I 487 was rit te a Rome nam tunc ego templa tenebam orans Tiberim,' Tolentinum, Iah. III Lyon ed. Is I 6 sol. E. ii). The Contra poetas impudice loquentes a finished a Rome Oct. O. I 487, as is state J at the end of the poem in the olom editions os I 480 and 3o2. The secon Parthenico as rit te a Rome asit dedication states . apparenti in the summer of 488. O Aug. 23. 488, he wro te to his rien d Refrigerio rom Rome Autographlet ter in the Librar os the Universit os Bolo na). An a letter o
Pico della Mirandola. Oct. I. 40o seems o reser to the fame ear nam dum ego Romae gravibus admodum rei publicae meae negotiis in Sudarem eo tempore quo tu quo lue ut meministi tantis illi nemulationum luctibus Laborabas V etc. prefixed to the olom editio of the conecte poems, Isoa . There is stili another resereno to his lisei Rome in the De Patientia. II. 22 verum est id quod ad Falconem, Cum Romae essem, scripsi hoc disticho.' etc.
'ue hi quotation and the ex three hicli solio come rom the Epigrammata ad Falconem.
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LVE O MANTUA 15Through the goo ossices of the papa treasurer, Falcone de Sinibaldi gaine admission to the ouri:
te duce Pontificis summi mihi limen apertum, et sancti patuit regia magna Patris.
An he mus have received, or ope for som hel fromanother great star of the Roman Senate, ' Oliviero Carafa, Cardinal os aptes δ'
hi sunt Romulei duo sidera magna SenatuSunde bonis lumen praesidiumque datur.
In the poem prefixe to the pigrammata ad Fesconem hecis stili egging that he Carmelites of Mantua may havea hous of thei omini Rome:
cur igitur, quoties Romana revisere tecta cogimur, in propria non licet esse domo λ
But in l48 his long efforis ere rewarde by the is tollis Congregatio of the church an monaster of S. Criso
I 1489 he went fro Mantuario Loreto, at he head of a Company o Carmelite friars who ere to e ut in Charge of the anta Casa. δ' In q90-at eas frs March to October-his corresponden e shows that he was in Boloma δ'
Cuius beneficio ex omnibus periculis est liberatus.' This is the Falco V of the nini Eclogus, a poem hich doubiles reflecis
7 Florido Ambrogio, p. cit. 68. As an evidenc os Mantuan's PerSona succes a Rome Ambrogio mentions p. 33 an orationwhicli e deli vere in the presence of Innocent VIII, in I488. Inone of his Silvae I, 4 he celebrates the trilida feas of the ope's nephew, orengo ibo, Archbisho o Beneventum. An in the ita Lodooici Morbioli e could than Pope Innocent for various persona favors, includin a gis of money- aureaque aegroto munera missa mihi. λ' Florido Ambrogio, p. cit. 69-7o; . hevalier, stre-Damede Lorette PariS, I9O6, P. 322. letter addresse to him, Marchiso. 40o by Pico della Miran- dola includes a reetin to Filippo Beroaldo saluta Beroaldum. Another letter fro the fame correspondent, Sept. 9, 40O, SkS O a
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16 INTRODUCTIONBut e probabi sperat mos of his rem aining life at Mantua.*'. On a 22, 513, he was electe Generat of theentire Carmelit order an he eem to have et this ossice tit his death.* Dur in his rie ter of ossice hecon solidate the congregation o Albi a rench imitationcatalogue of the monaster librar a Bologna indicem bibliothecae vestrae Bononiensis, si id tuo commodo fieri potest V Ioannis Pici Mirandulae Concordiae comitis opera, Boloma, 496, soli. 43, 3o . An Mantuan 's repl to this secon lette is date a Boloma Oct. I, 49o quo ted in the olom edition os his collecte poems, Isoa . In I 03 Oct. 22 he deli vere a funera oratio a Mantua, onLeonora ' Aracona. the mother of Isabella d Este prin te cop in the Biblioteca Comunale a Boloma . In I 404 Oct. 20 and Nov. 27 an in i 403 Jan. 3 he writes to the ounge Pico delia tran- dola rom Mantua I. P. Mirandulae opera, Boloma, 406, foll. I 64, 6 I. 6 Ib). I. H. Lupion, Lis of ean olet, I 887, p. 7, say that olet may have et illi Mantuan in Paris, here ac cordine to Trittera heim he was stayin in I 404.VJ In November, I 0 he eem to have been a leas temporarit absent rom Mantua, sor his oration In tinere errandi egis a deli vered by his frien Pietro a Novellara Lugio-Renter. p. cit. 60). In 407 hewas in Floren ce a the dedication of his Eclogues states anno Praeterito cum Florentia rediens Bononiam pervenissem V etc. In Iso he was a Mantua Ego dum Bononiae ingenuis disciplinis vacarem in ipsu iubile anno profectus sum Mantuam, ut Baptistam quem ex libris noveram coram quoque viderem,' etc. Leiter os Thomas Wolf. r. to ali ob imp seling. Feb. 24, 3o3 . In unust, so4. a et ter os Isabella d Este promise to sen to iovanni Sabadino sei sacchi di frumento' and the nisi is to go to Bolognain charge of the R.q' rate Bap. pannolo' S. vo Ar x Koman. Forsch. XXVI. I 3 . O Jul I. 3o6. he wroteo his rother Tolo- meo: In questo tempo di questo nostro exili ho satio traseri veret ut te e nostre cos nove V F. Gabotto, Un poeta beatificato, 892, P. I 7 .pi Ventimi lia Hist Chron. Generat Carm. NaPleS, 773, P. I 7 I. an ancient an modern accounts a that Mantuan Oon resigne his inli ossice-hecause his resornis e re opposed or in orderio devote hinaseis entiret to literature Possibi the tradition is based uno a rem arti by Seb. Murrho in the re face to his commentaryon the fir si Parthenice audivimus ex Conrado Leontorio, quo a secretis familiariter utimur magistratu se quem in eo ordine Summum gessit abdicavisse ut liberius humanis divinisque litteris vacare posset. V his resac is no dated, ut it a prin te in Is I sat the beninning os Ascensius Paris edition). an it ma have beentaken to reser to that ear. ut Murrho ted in I 40 P an his repor must reser o Mantunia' office os Vicar- generat, o to his
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In forni an featur Baptista a not ery andSome orimposing one of his admirer Who visited hi in the earl500 Canini say, illi Odysseus that the godsi notinive eVer gractou gii torali, Deither hapelines nor isdommorshillest speech '- scias id rectissime posse de Baptista dici quod Homerus et ceteri vates de UlySSe rettulerunt, qui Corpore parvus et forma indecorus sed ingenio maximus et animo speciosiSsimus fuisse perhibetur. V o Luca aurico calis in V parvus et modicae staturae, ' in his Tractatus Astrologiciιs.*' An Bandello says that he was very gly: ' era bruti come i culo, e pare va nato a Barongi. ' '
Florido Ambrogio, p. cit. 93 A. Lugio, Archivis storico taliano XL I9O7 , t. 3, P. I. R His epitaph in the Carmeli te church a Mantua, is quoted by Saveri Bettinelli, Delle Lettere e deli Arti Manto vane, an tua, 774 P. 0 R. P. Magister o Bapt. Mantuanus Carmel ita Theologus Philosofus Poeta orator clarissimus latinae graecae hebraicae linguae peritissimus.' His tonat, is no in the Cathedral
p. The Decretum is quo ted by Fanucchi, Della Uita de Beato Baltis a stagnoti, Lucca, Ι 887, P. 2I7- Ι 8. ' Homer, Od. VIII, 67. s. v. . . II, 23, non formosus erat, sed erat facundus Ulixes.
a Leiter froni Thomas Wolf, r. to at ob imp fel in g, writ tenat Strassburg, Februar 24, 3O3.*8 Quote by F. Gabotto, Un poeta beatificato, 892 P. . ' Novelle, III, 32, n. quo ted by Lugio-Renter, P. Cit. 66 . The Barongi ere a Florenti ne family, proverbia for thei homelyseatures Bandello' livel description is ardi borne ut by the
furvivin portraiis of the Poet. There are at eqst three usis os him a Mantua and these suggest ni a rather benevolent coun-tenance illi a very prominent nose . neci a contemporar portrait in terra-cotta no in the Museo Patri another is a large bust in
bronged ood, o in the Palaggo de illi Studi sit a transferre lthither ex aede Carmelit. V in 783); hil a thir may be seen ove the poet' tom in the Cathedral. There is nother ver inferestin bust in bronge iii the oyal useum a Beri in this is
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A a naem her os a monastic order-Frater Baptista Mantuanus v author neve calis himsel by his sanati nanae. He vas the son os tetro Spagnolo a Spanisli oblemans romo ranada. vlao ad hi infel tost his fami ly nam os Moduer o Modo ver and received the nam Spagnolo.srom the nam os his o vn country. δ' His ather, and his grand sat her. Antonius Cordubensis V g ook par in thenava batile os aeta in l435 -when Alfons V of Aragon vas desea te ille Genoese. Dein tali en prisoner long viti, heir in g, they spent sonae time a Milan and theyrema ined in Italy after Alsonso a released
Hesperios inter aroceres quos invida lata lilia praedam ortuna ledit tum Prima serebat Alsonso sub rege merens Antonius arma cui genus et patrium dederat Sua Corduba nomen. . . ipse pium casus dominum comitatus in omnes venit ad Insubres ibi. 3ost tuam vincula I a S Soassuit Alsonso melior fortuna, relictu S. seu fuerit casus seu caeli immobile satum. egregium decus et nomen sibi fecit in armis. J-
srontis piec os the Coloniae edition os the Eclogues, I 688, o the hiulit idea liged i orirait laici aptae ars in ille biograph by Florido
30 Petrus pannotus V as e is called in the ille os the De vi ab ata. In his epital h in ille Carmeli te chiarch a Mantua he was calle Petrus Si . Odove V si tuo ted in 'Arco' M. history in hel . Archivi di Stato at Mantua). i s. Baptista' oration In funere errandi regis prini ed a tn rescia in i 06 sub hoc sons avus meus Antonius Cordubensis
in Italiam venisse et meruisse se Narrabat. Cum eno adhuc I uor Senem admirarer more veteranorum militum sui te ml Oris bella recitantem.
In the Trophaetim pro Gallis expulsis. h. V Bologia ed. I Soa, fol. 374b), e says of his rother olom eo:
l roavos secunda virorum magnanimorum altrix et mater Corduba 'aluio huic dederat, I roavo ni mi et annullae Claros.
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Petrus enim senis Antoni generosa propago Mintiadas adiit populos, ubi Gongagarum regia, et inSignem claro sub principe nactus eximia virtute locum primordia genti condit et annoso cedet iam frigidus aevo.
In 1457 he appears as te varo sescaico of the arquis Lodovico who in l460 conferre upon him an his sons the citigensiit o Mantua.' He enjoyed the favor of theneX two arquises also, ederico an Francesco, and livedio round ut fift years of faithful service to their ouse. He die early in 1494. In his Vitae sitae Epito me Mantuan states that his athereiacouraced his ouili fui studies
a teneris colui Musas, mihi Semper ad artes ingenuas calcar cura paterna fuit.
There is a passage in the eventi Eclogue. 8 ff. Whicli hasbeen regaroedos a reference to the author 's wn life
durus et immitis pater atque Superba noverca Pollucem graviore iugo pressere iuventae tempore, cum dulces animo nova Suggerit aetas. et cum iam invalidae longo sub pondere vires deficerent nullaque odium mansuesceret arte, constituit temptare fugam, etc.
' Videtur autem haec vera vitae ipsius poetae descriptio, Vaccount in the Epithalam δει ni addresse to the poei' brother olomeo Antwer ed. Vol. III sol. 3Ο2 . his oves a disserent explanationo Antonio' remaining in Italy ad Ducis ascitus magno aere An
δ' S. Davari, olla famiglia stagnota, iιale risulta a documenti doli Archiolo Storico Gonzaga Mantua, I 873, P. 4. Cf. also the Dialogus contra Detractores, LyOn ed. ISI 6 fol. , i Petrum videlicet patrum tuum, virum ornatissimum ac Splendidissimum, sub huius nostri principis Patre atque avo domi forisque in praeclaris negotiis summa cum laude semper Versatum.' In a lette to the Marquis France Sco. NOV. o. 494. Baptista could say of his ather's services to the arquis' hou se et quale inquanta anni continui servi, ' etc. Autograph et ter reserve in the R. Archivi di Statoat Mantua).
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20 INTRODUCTIONas Ascensius immediatet expla ined it Ani Niceron sawin the superba noverca Vis in of the poet' illegitimate hirth. δ' ut his interpretation ardi agrees illi the fac that his early reatis De sita beata is addresse tollis ather in ternas of assection: ego enim qui te mihi
carior sit inter mortales habeo neminem.
Baptista ad many brother ani sisters.' The id est, Tolomeo δ' ecam e the confidentia secretar of the Mar- quis Francesco, an roseo suci favor that he was evenallowe to tali the nam os Gongaga. y ut e grosstyabused his confiden ce-b for gery an fraud an trastich
δε Memo tres Paris ed. 1734 . XXVII, Io 7 se laint, Solis lenoni de Pollux, des rigueur et de a fieri de a belle-mere, qui ne
Peut-et re utre que et te Constance.
δ ampla i nostra domus pollens numero fratrum atque Ororum, 'Epithalamium Antwer ed. I 576 III, Ol. Oa . M Tolonaeo se em to have been os illegitimate hirth and Baptistae himself may have been ex damnato coitu natus,' a Paulus ovius
haec est Maia domus pollens propagine tanta, tot claris ornata viris , Constantia mater hinc, germane, tibi nuribus praelata pudicis. 7 B a decree of the arquis, Jan. 6, 3o 7 S. DaVari, P. Cit . . Io. In the dedicatio of the Dialogus contra Detractores, an in aletter os Mario qui cola Nov. Io, so8) he is calle Ptolemeus Gongana.' A the lose of the Dialogus Baptista says os him: ibsingularem fidem atque industriam in Gonga garum familiam privilegio ascitus V Lyon ed. ISI 6, sol e, and ciuicola has, huic
cum Picile meus a secretis solus Primus sit voluntatum et consiliorum
adiutor et particeps. V In the Trophaeum tro Gallis expulsis. h. V a passa ne referri nil to the ear 496), he is introduced a com- sorting the Marchiones Isabella: tristibus his curis aderat facumlus et acri ingenio praestans iuvenis Ptolemeus Bolonia a d. I Soa, Ol. 374 . δ' Baptista ad tres sed io im his si xili Parthenice o St. Apollonia . a poena on the dealli os thei brother ederico Antonici Iso6). a Dialogus contra Detractores, radisi Epistola contra Calumniatores. olom eo utilishod a learn ed poloxia contra detrahentes operibus . . c. son) and ster ur Oet' denti, e fini hi in nr-rangin sor a orthy monumen sor hi in Lugio Renter, P. cit. 63ὶ
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MANTUAN'S FAMIL 21 the anon Alessandro, hocis mentione in a document of December 1497 a jud ge in a law-suit etween the ouili fui Raffaello Sangio an his tepmother. There hecis called ' decretorum doctor V an vicario de vescovo urbinate. ' 'About 507 he is made ne of the speaher in the Dialogus
contra Detractores, an calle praeclarus iurisconsultus et nostrae cathedralis ecclesiae canonicus. ' ' ut Alessandrobecam implicate in his rother' fravds, an after their exposure hecioine the erring olome in Rome.' Thereis a pleasant glimpse of a thir brother Roberto Lucano, in letter rittent Baptistari Tolonaeo Sept. 8, 1503. Heret is reporte that Roberto has returne to Mantua after Spendin some time in the Levant, in the service of the Venetian State. He has rought ac a Venetia accent, an a knowledge of spolien reela, an ali the at o a mano the worid. An no he wishes o return to enice, and hopes o go illi the Venetian ambassador to the in os Spain.' Stillonother of this talente family- claris de tot mihi fratribus unum, V as Baptista might et cali im-Was ederico Antonio, ho diei of the plague in 1506. This a the accomptishe orator lio ad stoo before hings an princes, ho ne alicia an ali histories, howas love of at the uses, ho pent hi Jay an nighis in study sittin amon his book like a consul among the
Senator an ashing ach in turn hat advice or information
lucra nihil curans, nihil emolumenta, sedebat inter mille libros velut in coetu atque corona mille Senatorum consul, quid sentiat unusquiSque suPer rerum causis et origine tota luce rogans et nocte domi, quam plurima chartis lucubrata diu mandans Studioque reponens multa gravi, quae forte Sequens mirabitur aetas. δas Lugio-Renter, P. Cit. 62.
In a decree o Apri 28, 3Is, hecis called canonico antovano e configliere et archese:V S. Davari, P. Cit. 14.3 Baldessa Castigiione ad previousty gone to Rome, to S permission to proceed against him Lugio-Renter, p. cit. 62.6 Lugio-Renter, p. citi, a. In a decree of Oct. 7, 3II, he is calle segretario marchionale V S. DaVari, P. citi, I4.ε De morte ederici sta noli fratris sui Ascensius ed. PariS,
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22 INTRODUCTIONOther member of the fami ly ere Berardo, hom Baptista Ouid recommendo the arquis Nov. 0 494 as iei OrPO Pro SPerOS et SSa litterat et di bono in gegno V 'Cesare, hocis mentione in a document of Aug. 4, 8l2. a ' spectabilis et Ximius artium et medicine doctor V anda Dominicata friar perii aps a med aolo whom Baldessar asti glione found in Rome in Si9.' ' There ere two sisters, Anna and Margherita. Ani stili nother rother
no quo lue tempestas ista, o Ptolemaee, redegit in luctum, in lacrimas, longa in suspiria, quando Aegidius frater nobis cum Principe raselus ante diem, missus Princeps in vincula, frater in tumulum, datus in praedam furialibus armis. TFrona Mantuan ' own writ ings e can collec a long isto his friend an patrons in various cities. It must avem eant much to in in his later ears that he enjoyed the favor and the patronage of the Gongagas-especiali of the Marqui Francesco, the Marchiones Isabella who is est known a Isabella 'Este , and the Cardina Sigismondo.'
' Autograph et ter in the R. Archii o di Stato at Mantua.' in ratello dei Tolomeo pannolo che e rate in . omenico si lamenta elle alunt che si spargono sui conte di Tolonae e di Alessandro S. Davari, P. cit. Is).' Caneelliere ella Segre teria di Corte V rom so to 5O6 S.
' De fortuna Fr Gonzagae Antweri ed. I 576, HI sol. 88 . The sanae evenis are mentione d in the De bello Venero anni Isso Lyon ed. I 3I6 sol. F, iii). For the Mari luis e rote the sive book Trophaeum pro Gallis expulsis c. 498 and a Carmen de fortuna . . I 5o0ὶ To the Marchiones he dedicate the hird, ourth. sth, and se venti Parthenicae ora St. Margarita, St. Agatha, St. Lucia, and St. Caecilia), an eleg on the death o Pietro a Novellara Iso silvula V De Cupidine marmoreo dormiente, and a Poem On the de ath of iccoli, da Corrennio ISOS). To Sigismondo then protonotarius' hudedicate the Silvae to the fame patron when Bishop os Mantua a Tractatus de loco conceptionis Christi, and when Cardinat an
Apologia contra eos qui detrahunt ordini Car=n litarum. The arquisis surther compli mente by be in include in an ad dres to the various Christi an potentates hicli urges them to alie maritas against