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indicate in ne of the Epistolae Obscurorum Uiroruur, II, 12 Guilhelmus Lampo Ortuinus Gratius, C. 1517)- an account of a ourne from Cologne to Rome. The travellerstops at Mantua
et dixit socius meus, hic natus fuit Virgilius respondi, quid cur illum paganum nos volumus ire ad Carmelitas et videre aptistam Mantuanum qui in duplo est melior quam Virgilius . . . et quando venimus ad Claustrum Carmelitarum, dicebatur nobis quod Baptista Mantuanus est mortuus tunc dixi, requieScat in pace.'
sympathetic. The inferiorit of the later Mantuan is stouti asserte in the hir Idylis Helius Eobanus Hessus sirs prini est in 1509, ut here quote from the hir revise edition, Frankfori 156ψ :
g. ergo age, in hoc gelido POStquam consedimus antro, unde pecu patet atque oculis vicinia nostris, estne aliquis gelida Faustus tibi lectus in umbra ΘPhil. vidimus audaci sui dum pede currere auStum, cui nihil invideat noster nolitque Secundum Tityrus, et patria natum patiatur eadem. Cyg. atqui Pastores quosdam contentio nuper illa diu tenuit, paribusne in carmina surgant viribus alteriusne an deferat alter honori. Phil. ut lentas corylos damnosa securibus ilex, quantum humiles Superat cornus ramosa genistaS, tam meus in versu praecedit Tityrus illum qui Faustum gelida cecinit resupinus in umbra. ah, male quorundam trivialis iudicat error.
Ludovicus Vives calle hi magis copiosus et facilis quam tersu et sublimitati argumentorum respondens. V In Si S
ad me crebro epistolae ex Galliis, ex Britanniis, a Germania, ex Dacia, ab oceano usque Cimbrico, quibus intelligo opuscula mea illic esse in pretio, ab omnibus legi, ab omnibus laudari V Lyon ed., Ι3I6 fol. a viii . Mantuan was prompti accepte as an authorit o poeticatusage by Joannes Despauterius, avisius extor, Hermannus Torrentinus,' and thers Florido Ambrogio, p. cit. 124 . He is ostenquo ted in a Gradus ad Parnassiιn Prin te a London, 773. An the Christian Kemembrancer for 847 XIV, 323 says and even now, in such dictionaries as insworth and oung, Mantua stand as
Tio tradendis disciplinis, quo ted by Florido Ambrogio, p.
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Nicole Berauli Nicolas erat clus-urgedispoia his studentis the importance of the ancient authors as opposed to Certa in leoterici :Video ' ergilium tuo lue . . . am vexari aeneque excuti e manibuS. I rivlue eo cucullatum luendam summitti monum qui leni illum rarunt lue et admiramlum nihil tamen ad Momerum Mantuanum. S
Laudo institutum litum lue Iarolaositum verum extemPOralis magis fluam I oeta maturit S. extant illius versu l aene innumerabiles exiluibus apud vulgus et barbaros quosdam laudem tantam est de Pius, ut unus I rotae I Oeta et alter paene Maro haberetur a bone Deus, tuam disi a ingenium t nam ut hi lue Maro aer sectus ita hic immodica et Iaaene temeraria hic lue usus est licentia. tuam et magis atque magis in dies auxit . . . . iuvenis ille quidem laudat, ilior poetasuit cum vero ei desedit calor ille et fervor iuvenilis, tamquam amnis sine obice extra ripas sordide dissiliens coerceri non potuit vix enim ea legere laossumus quae longius ille aetate laro vectus carmina Scripsit.'
The reat Champion os Virgil. Julius Caesar Caliger. asstirrei to ver vigorous language
mollis languidus, luxus incomta situs, sine numeris latebeius; non sine ingenio sed sine arte dum modo scribat quod in mentem venerit, edat ilia nil scri laserit susque deque habet.
i utri atque caduco Carmelum imbuerunt sordentes rure cicadae. 30
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The Eclogues are en in number, mahin a tota of 2063lines. The author telis us in his dedicator epistie, that thesrst ight ere ritten hil he was a student a Padua, δ' and that the last two ere adde after he had oine the Carmel ite Order He telis s. also that he revise theseyouthful compositions hen he was aboli fift years old; and we a be Sure that his revision adde much to the
value of the poenis. ut even after thei revision e Seem to have regarde them as a rather frivolous an un-
important iece of ork and e probabi neve dreamed that his en Eclogites ere o Contribute more t his fame an to his influenc than ali the res of his 55, 000 verses. The were firs printed a leas in thei revise form in l498. δ' The were ver popular rom the eginning and Soon ame to e widely read not ni in Italy, ut in France and Germany and England. y The were imme-λ uendam libellum meum quem olim ante religionem, dum in gymnasio Paduano philosophari inciperem, ludens excuderam et ab
illa aetate Adulescentiam , CRVeram. V
i Mantuae Impraessum per Vincentiu er thocii Regiensem Annodni MCCCCLXXXXVIII. sexto decimo Kalendas Octobres,' etc. So thecolophon os a cop in the Bibliotec Casanatens at o me. The colophon O in own OP gives the Same Place, Printer, and year, hut omit the da of the monili. The dedicator episti is ad tres sedio a friendist an tua, an date Sept. I. Both Brunet' Manuel and Graesse' Pressor mentio an edition printed a Pollier in I 408 and both Graesse an Hain cite even an edition illi a sex notes by Joh. Murmellius prin te a Stras Abur in the fame ear Graesse calis the Mantua edition a reprint of the Pollier edition ut there was ardi time e tween Sept. 1 and Sept. I for an intermediaryedition to e printe abroad Perhaps the date os the Pollier editionwas ni inferre from he date of the dedicator episti e a copydescribe in Pellechet' Catalogues onerat, I 437, is 4 d. I 408Θ). The adnotamenta V o Murmellius e re include in a et ter ad-dresse to Paulus ure mundensis prin te in ud in a Deventer edition of the Ecloguos 13 IO). his lette is maint a criticism of the
commentur os Scensius and was certaint writte later han
λε The were prin te at Ersuri in Iso I, at oloma, at rescia, an a Paris in I soa, at enice an a Strassbur in so3. at De venter in Isod in Sos, and nos Io, at sibingen in Is II. at Londonin 310, et . etc. In Iso they were Printed a Floren ce, in a an d-som Giuntine volume Eclogae Vergilii Calphurnii. Nemesiani.
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36 INTEO DUCTIONdiately provided illi a commentary by Iodocus Badius
tions of Ascensius commentary. δ' ut it is also definite lystate. at times. or Clearly implied There is a letter of Thomas Wolf, r. . to Jahob imp felling, Written a Strass- burg Feb. 24. 503, hicli speis os a schoo edition os a
G. Brutiet states that rom so to 336 the were prin te 2 a times Dictionii alio de Bibliologi Catholique Paris. 86o, col. ΟΙ Ι). Oncompte de plus 4 edition des per OnDii de cet aut eur et 8 edition de divers de se Ouvrage S. V Both Graesse and Hain a that this commentar Was rin te dat tras Abur in Isoo It was printed a Paris in I soa with a dedicatory episti dated Marcii 27). at Stra Asbur in so3, at eventer in so4, at tibingen in Is II. te. etc. It was rinted in London atteas a late a I 676, and a Cologiae at eas a late a I 688. Mur- mellius critici rei it and with good eason a niving the schoolhoymuch uia necessar hel while leavi nil sonae rea dissi culties unexplained deinde autem cum tardiusculis ingeniis totum se accomodat quasi tenellis infantulorum rostris premansum cibum inserit magis obesse studiis quam prodesse iudicatur ' I et ter o Pauliis Ru remundensis rei ted above . 'innother copious commentar no ver rare was published by Andreas aurentinus of Lavaur. ear oui ou se in 3I0. Thereis a con os a revi sed edition, Lyons. 320. in the Librar os the Universit 3 os errara Habes hic candide lector uberrima commentaria Andree auretini in buccolica fratris Balatis te Mantuani carmeli te Theologi et poete celeberrimi correcta ac emendata. Addita sunt preterea glossemata in prima Buccolica que culpa im-
Pressorum emovicorum sic et que summopere utilia erant. Necnon et Ioannis corone Carnutensis Anno tamenta Perquam utilia novissime ut ab eiusdem Coronei scholairibus asseritur superaddita: cum annotationibus emundi langano de alta Ripa in margine Positis et unu antea impressis V te , etc. In the Biblioteca Na-gionale a Naples there is a later edition os the fame commentary. Dublished a Lyons by a disserent printer in Is 36 Bucolica aptistae Mantuani diversi diversorum contentariis utilissime declar
I Wol Vs ei ter and Wim pselinnys repi a re quote in the tibi iacenodition os ih t fictoques. 3Is. imp soliti lite ser red ille Ecloeues o Mantuan to hos os Virgil, propter Latinitatis copiam, ProPter
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Aeglogas Baptistae Maii tuaiii sicut audio tradidisti Ioanni
Preus chalcographo communi nostro amico, ut in mille exemplaria transcriptae latissime diuulgentur debet profecto tibi plurimum Germana iuuentus, quae diligentia tua multis doctorum uirorum monumenti facta est opulentior semper enim ex ossicina tua literatoria aliquid depromis quod iuuet, quod delectet, quod linguas iuuenum reddat politiores.
Baptistam Mantuanum extollo, tum in poematibus suis tersis et PuriS, quae abSque ueneno a matur praeceptore iuuentuti tradi pos- Sunt, tum quod amor poeticae in eo non extinguit studium sacrae paginae et philosophiae, nam ex eius libello de patientia magnum eum et philosophum et theologum esse liquido ConStat.
that role theyre Wysdome illi lene an Chas laten other in Verse or in prose. V An amon such author he ames Iactaneius prudentius an proba an sedulius and Juvencus and Baptista Mantuanus. V his paSsageona SuggeStsome of Mantuan's religious poems ather tham thestili planam dulcedinem, propter utiliora argumenta, propter pudicitiam et honestatem,' Diatr de proba pueroru u instit. VI quote byG. nod Aus de Bibliothe de beatus Rhenanus, Schletistadi, I 889 P. GO . 1 G. nod, P. Cit , I7. λ' Monumenta Germaniae Paedagogica, I, 48, 344 VII. 426. a J. H. Lupion, Lis of ean olet, London, 887, P. 279.
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I clogues though sunt of the alter a very et have been include l. And there may be a like uncertaint, in the statute hi Cli rescribe B, Mantuanus Palingenius, Buchanani Scripta, Sedulius Prudentius V so the Free Graiiuna Schoo of St. Bees in Cumberland in S83. ''
But the Eclogues are specificalty fixed by schoo order at
* About 403 Seb. Murrho wro te a commentar on the rs Parthenice cum maxime trivialium ludorum magistris consulere statuerim iuvenilique aetati. V Besore 408 Alexander Iegius rote commentar On Ome of the poenas for his schoo at eventer L. Geiger, Keilaissanc und fumanismus Berlin, 882, p. 30 a). Abi ut iso Filippo Heroald says o Mantuan nec solum habetur in manibus et ediscitur, verum etiam in scholis enarratur, et inde Salu berrima tirunculis dictata grammatistae praescribunt V Leiter refixed to the ologia edition os the collected poenas, ISO 23. In neos ille Epistolae XLi os avisius extor, ne o Mantuan 's pie
Poenas is mentione d as a school-book testatus Lucanum, Silium. et Statium ut duriusculos: Iantuani Carmen ut paulo accidius a Pleri S lue non S lue tua lue probari V London ed. I 683, P. 33). s.
also the Et hiae Morales of Johannes Murmellius printed in I SO73, 1. i. 33- :nobilis aethereo plenus aptista furore heroicam inflavit me moderante tubam; vir uinei. libro. infersit laudibus mimos, lucida belli veros vexit in astra duces. ille vir axes huius deflevit tem Poris aeStus, ille Cupidineos vitat ubique iocos. ergo frequentatis divina poemata ludis dictantur summi non sine laude viri, and i. i. 47-sa: loria Carmeli veteres Baptista poetas
gymnasiis stellens pulsetta celsa tenet. ilum ita vir cilii laus solventur vota sacratis, iliani opuli sentes tristia sata ement. escet honor vatis maior lue videt itur annis.
reci ius arbitrium posteritatis erit Munster ed. by A. Omer, I 803, 3P. s). in a te iter os a I. isis, Ial ob Vimi, set in succosis a school edition os the De aeris Di bus . In d abo ut a uindred ear later Mantuan is mentionedos bella a favori te schoot author in Spa in inde opere sue poetichelenconsi in spania a gioueni publicamente elle scitote ' humanita per luanto hi , udito ire come in Italia si anno uelle di Virgilio. Donesmondi Deli' Istoria Ecclesiastica di Mantova. I6i6 . Iai cited ly iugi O-Renter, OD. cit. 68). z-T. Spencer Laynes, hahestrare Iudies London, 8 D. 74.
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For Asternoon essOns On Mon layes and ednes layes et them mahe se os Mantuanus, hicli is a Poet, both sor style an matter, ver familia and gratefullo child ren, and there fore rea in most Schooles. The ma read ver sonae of the Eclogues that re essoffensive than the est, takein si lines at a lesson. hicli theyshould rs commito memory, a the are able, etc.-
Julius Caesar caliger complained that soni teacher actuali preferre them to the Eclogues of Virgil hoc propterea dico, quia in nostro tyrocinio literariun triviales quidam paedagogi etiam Virgilianis pastoribus huius hircos praetulere. There is a simila complaint in the preface of Thomas Farnaby' edition o Martial. London. 6lS: V quando ipsis paedagogulis Fal/st precor gelida sonet altiusquam Arma Tiriιmque cano.' And Dr Samuel olinsonstates that V Mantuan vas read, at eas in ome of the
inferior school of this ingdom, to the eginning of the
x Lives of the Poetes, Ambros Philips.
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40 INTRODUCTIONIn S 79. homas Lodg could say, in his Defence of
It wil be observe that hahespeare' quotation frona Mantuan is put into the mouth of a schoolinaster an it a besuggestive o ou estimate of Holofernes learning that he quotes the firs line of the rs Eclogue-as it ere, theopening phrase of his Firs Latin Reader. At an rate, thesam phras is sed to indicate a very litile learning in oneo Gabriel arvey's ibes at oo Greene: te earchedeuer Corner of his Grammer-schoole ille for his margineis a deepelie earnei a Fauste precor gelida). V ' An itis used in the fame a in ne of the leasant tales o Bona ventur de Periers Ilo avolt un rebStre de village qui estoit out fier 'avoir e uia petit plus que Son Caton. Carcit avolt te De Syntare et son Fauste precor gelida. V k
Ecl. I, 2 nec deus, ut perhibent, Amor est, ' is quoted
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Nec Deus ut perhibent amor est, sed amaror et error. δε
commoditas omnis sua fert incommoda Secum, et sorti appendix est illaetabilis omni.
In the Historie of Ortando Furioso, II, 1 671), Greene quo te Ecl. IV, 10,
semineum servile genuS, crudele, superbum
and in the Episti to the Gentiemen Schollers of both Universities, prefiXe to his Mourning Garment IX, 2 ), equotes the semel insanivimus omnes V o Ecl. I, 18. In the firs par of Mamillia 1 I, 107 he has an allusion to the famous diatribe against omen, in the fourth Eclogue Iwould correct Mantuans Egloge intitule Alphus o et is the Authour ere aliue, I oulde notio trio perswade his in recompence of his errour, o frame a ne one. V An in the secon part II, 226 he return to the fame subjeci: bea the atting o Mantua= in his Eglogo, the exclaimingo Euripides in his Tragedies, the tants of Martiali, and prime quippe of Propertius, are more i CourSe then auSe, an rather inforced by age than inferre by reason. The semel insanivimus omnes V o Ecl. 1, 18, S twice quote by Thomas Nashe in the rologue to Su/nmer XLast ili an Testament 1600), an in Have ith ou to Sastro=ι-Walden 1596 an he replied illi that ether- beaten eice ut of the Grammer, Semel insanivimus omneS,once in ur Jayes there is non of s ut hau plai the
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42 INTRODUCTIONideo is. And in the Analon te of Absii fili l 589ὶ Nashelias his allusion to the fourth Eclogue
T iliis ni tulit he ad deci Mantuans inuective against thena, ut that Ditii ni alces ni refra in froni rene vin his orne ut complainis, the wOund wheros the Ornae sore past seminine sex hathfelt. I, ut here the Homer os Wonten ath forest alled an obiection. saying that Mantuans oti se old in os ur ad te, he was ensOrcedi, melancholi into suci vehemencie O speech, and that there be
Semel insanivimus, ' comes frona Ecl. , t 8 and in thesam satire e have the lines,
As id hilere ili homel Carmeli te, Fodo vin Virgil. aiul te Theocrite.
ed. rosari II, IO7 I ould correct Mantuans Egloge in titule dAlphus . . . sor Surei though Euripides in his tragedies doth greatly exclaim against that sexe, et it was in iis holler, and e insere la generali h a particular, hicli is absurd. Ite ad an euyli xvi se, what theni V r. Me erro v xl lain Nashe' Phrase mantuans hous hold in os ur a die V o mean iis is havin the ut per hand os hini and ut in his ousehold,' and quotes Ascliam's Scholemaster ed. Uriglit. P. Os), the ou se old os ur ady. V Andhe ver justi insist that Greene is here referri nil to the wis os Euripides, land not o Mantuan 'solse at all. V There is a bit os cossi D in ne os the novel os andello Hi 5a whicli offers a liti ledisserent xl,lanation Os Mantuan 's it ternes s Intendo anche cheil mi compatri Otia i lioeta carnielita, a salta n ecuina in vituperio lette doniae, Ove generat mente insima tui te te doniae. M sal et cicache ne dice Mario E lvicola segretari O di ad ani di Mantova Ecliasserina che i nostro Oeta era innamorat δ' una bella iovane, eche ella non O volle amare Diade ad irat compose luella maledica ecloga luot ed by iugi O-Renter, P. cit. 66).