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When severa verses are Oined together into one System by 'napheia, - that is, i the metre uias ithout realithrough the Pauses of the verses to the nil, - elision and the division sis ord an occur at the nil os ver verSe except the last. Hiatus and Syllaba Anceps, o ever, areno allowed. speciali frequent is Synapheia in Ionici a minori Glyconics, and AnapaeStS. Horace a Synapheia, but ithout elision and division os a Word, in Od. III. II;somelimes also in his ther lyrica measures the Same hingis Mund.
The Thesis of the dactylic verse, and of the togam licverse also in Ionic, olic, and Roma poetry, anno beresolve l. The Arsis in verses hich have more than three et an e re placet a pleas ire by a long syllabie. The Arsis of the anapaest an alway be replaCed by a long syllabie.
In anapaestic, iambiC, and trochai metres the Thesis, except the last, an alWay be replaCed by a Pyrrhic. Froni his must be excepted ambi and trochai verses endin With a spondee, as et a logaoedi metres; ut this, too, pari rom the Dori lyric poetr and the lyricpassage of the drama. Further, the horter an iambicani trochai meas ire is, the es osten oes Resolution
Whereve in iambic metre the sponde is allo ed itis occasionali replaCed by an anapaest This licens is,ho ever, Mund ut seldom in the est poets, a the Gree tragedians and Horace. The Greelis allo the dactyl so the sponde in trochai verse ni in Proper
Since the end of the verse, hicli in the exameter consist of two seet, in the longe iambi and trochaicmeaSureS, S et a in the Paroemiac, os ne ando halsseet, must e reservet in iis origina purity, e seldom findo sponde in the ex to the las Mot of the exameter o Par inminC, O a Resolution of the ex to thelas Thesis in iambic o Catalecti trOChai VerSe.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST TMPORTANT METRES, STROPHES, AND SYSTEMS.
By the variet os iis rhythm and caesuras it is quailyadaptet to the mos disserent in is o poetry. The est Hexameter are thos Whicli are made se of three dactyis, and the spondees o arranged that the dactyl sal in thesirst second, and fifth seet, as in Vergil:
arma virumque cano, Troiaeque primu ab iis. The nam addet to acti metre in bracket indicates the poet bywhom it a first sed or through hom it rs hecam linown.
αυτις Ἀπειτα πεδονδε κυλιωδετο λαα. ἀναιδης. quadrupedante putrem Sonitu quatit ungula camPum. illi inter sese magna vi bracchia tollunt.
arma virumque cano i Troiaeque Primus ab oris.
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navibus infandum amissis unius ob iram.
In Latin the Penthemimera Caesura is by a the ostfrequent, speciali so in the Distich, and in genera in thenios polished Poetry I very Hexameter verse hicli has not one os thesecaesuras is fauity, and Such do not CCur in the Poet Considerei in his book the ver se example to the Contraryare holi Cornipi rea lings). In addition to the Penthemimera Caesura and the τομὴ κατα τρίτον τροχαῖον the So-Called Bucoli Caesura i.e thecaesura speciali used in Bucolic poetry after the Murth
When the end of a ord salis both in the second syllabie of the hird oot and in the Murtii Thesis, in the Greeli
litora deseruere latet i sub classibu aequor.
The Hephthemimera Caesura in Latin is mos Commonly und when a the sanae time the Trithemimera OCCurs, and there is the nil of a ord in the thiri troche
insandum i exina jubes t renovare dolorem.
In his place, as a the end of the verse, to long ordes Were Voide l. Finalty, here ver in Latin exameter ord end withthe hird Thesis, and after the ourthis decidei stol OCCurs, the Hephthemimera maybe regardei a the Prope CaeSura oscula libavit natae dehinc talia satur. When a ori end in the thiri trochee a ori endingalso in the seconi o foui th troche is no good althoughin ne Case Horace has allowed himself both in ne in
dignum lente domoque Heraeutis honesta Neronis.
Mnesthea Series imisit vocat i sortemque SereStum.
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et teneat crιm jugera multa soli.
The caesura occurs alway aster the 'hird Thesis.
This metre is employed by Horace and Archilochus in asynariete verse illi a Milowin trochai Tripody. Thelas syllabi is always hori in Horace, ut o in Archilochus This verse also occurs independenti in ree andRoman lyrica poetry, in hicli Case the dactyl greati pre- ponderates The Caesura is the Penthemimerat. Tetrameter Catalectices a dis Virbum Archilochus
In Horace this is a par os the epodi and lyrical Strophes Oni once I. 28, 2 is a sponde Mund in thethird Mot, and then in a Proper ame. 5 rimeter Catalecti in sy Valam Archilochus
This ornis the lose of the Sapphic Strophe.
These do no occur in the Latin authors consideret here, but frequently in the Gree dramatiSis. γλ Anapaesti Dimeter
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In solemn and mournsul poetry, as in the marchin hymias of the Spartans the sponde Wa employed by referenCe. The caesura after the res Dipod is no always observe l. 8 Anapaesti Monometer
This meas ire is osten inserted in Anapaesti Systems. Since the Anapaesti verse is employed in system With Synapheia, latus and Syllaba Anceps are ni allowed atthe nil here there is a Change os person, and Oreraret at a top. Elision and Resolution os the las Thesis a re allowed. Not illistanding the Synapheia, however Dimeter and Monometer generali end with a Complete orit. 9 The lose of the nazaesti System is usuali formedi, an Anapaesti Di meter Catalecti PerSus aroemiacuS):-
ithout Resolution or spondees In Horace sed illi thedactylic Hexameter.
For Phaedrus IambiCS, Se belON. This is the mos frequently used verse in the dialogue os Traged and Comed and in the podes o Horace, and occasionali employed in ther Oetry, Speciali satiricaland sarcastic. It is the favorite ani mos beautim metreaster the Dactyli Hexameter. Spondees are particulari numerous in the Trimeter os Tragedy, speCiali in Schylus. In generat, here and in What ollows, e re Concernei only illi the ambi and Trochai verses of the dialogue not illi hos of the lyricalpassages, hicli ave their Nn peculia licenses in Resolution CaeSura, etc. ReSolution os the Thesis occurs raret in Archilochus, and is Confine to the res syllabi os,oriis. In schylus and the older play os Sophocles, Resolution of the Thesis in the second third, Murth, o fifth Mot CCurrei more rarely, and then generali in the egin- ning of ord of three o more syllabies; es frequently in the case of dissyllabic ord excepi rePOSitionS, Ormonosyllabies hicli elong losely to the ollowing ordbeginning ith a hori Syllabie e. q. the articie. Euripides, in hos poetr Resolution is ostenes Mund allows himselfi unite a hori monosyllabie illi a sollowing hor syllablewhen oth ord do no belong Ogether.
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Mestres, StropheS, 'id SyStcmS. In ord of Mur o more syllabies in the secon and fifth feet inclusive, Resolution through the two las sylla-bles occurs, ut in Euripides ni through the naiddie syllabies. In the res Mot it is naturali the seconi and third syllabies of a ord of three o more syllabies hichare employed in a Resolution os the Thesis. et Sophocles and chiest Euripides even schylus hen the rs Motis a dactyl allo the verse to egi With a monosyllabie. Resolution is no allowed hen iis sirst syllabi forinsthe lose of a polysyllabi Word. ReSolution CCur mos frequently in the hird Thesis aster the c. aesura and in the rst, mos raret in the fifth. iactyl instead of sponde: occurs onis in the sirstand thiri Dei.
A schylus has seldom two cases of Resolution in neverse Euripides has no Seldom even three. Horace neve divides a Resolution into two or is, andout os the rs Mot he se it ni t ice in a dissyllabie Ep. 2, 3 5, 87 . A Word Consistin os three hortsyllabies in Latin is sed in the place of a trochee, neverin place of an iambus, as is customar in reeh. Theresore in Latin verse i is possibi to Cala fuerat, neVer genes a. In the fame way the two last shor syllabies in or isos more than three Syllabies, eg materia, are Ot Sed in a Resolution. Horace oes no even se in his Way the las syllabies os a dactylic ord like biora. He neverresolves the fifth Thesis; the tribrach occurs mos frequently in the seconi Mot, and e raret has two Resolutions in ne verse, almos neve threes CL P. I 7, Ia). The anapaest an stand instead of the sponde in thesrs Mot in trage ly, and sor his a Word os three o more
allowed ni in proper ames, ut in Such ames inal De except the laSt. Horace has an anapaest twice in the sirs Mot, three times in the fifth Ep. 2, 33 654 3, 35 5 79; II, 3),Hways in a ord of at eas three syllabies. The Arsis os an anapaest an neve be formed by the two las syllabies of a ori os more than No syllabies, orby the final os a polysyllabi and the rst syllabie of the following ord The proceleusinati is no alloKed. As in the Dactylic exameter, the most Sual CaeSurais the Penthemimera aster the thir Arsis
ibis Liburnis i inter alta navium;
Nex the Hephthemimera aster the Murth Arsis:
nam qualis aut Molossus aut fulvus Laco.
The Penthemimera Caesura reponderates in Euripides more than in schylus and Sophocles, and mos o ali in
nam quati s arι Molossus aut ulvus Laco;
quae Sidera excanlata voce TheSSala.
Finalty when the nil sis ori comes aster the secondirOChee, and a top aster the hird, the Hephthemimerat
Caesura is to e assumed quid dixit aut quid tacuit lis rebus meis.
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οῖόν τε μοι τάσδ' στι. θνητοῖς γαρ γερα. Otherwis the last creti Would e to sorcibi separate lsrom the res of the verse. Horace has observe loliis uteoni in P. 7. IAMBIC O PHAEDRUS. Phaedrus allows the sponde or the anapaest in very Mot except the laSt. In the fifth Mot the sponde or anapaest redominate; the iambus is admitted principali When a Mur-syllabie tword stantis at the nil of the line :
ranae vagantes liberis paludibtis.
calumniator ab et e cum Peteret caniS.
non ut labores lacio, sed ι istum domes.
Word, eg. ita casu ad nostrum furor illorum pertinet. itaque hodie nec lucernam de flamma deum.
The Caesura is exclusively the Penthemimera or more rarely the Hephthemimerat. 11 Catalecti Trimeter Archilochus
This is sed by Iorace in the des Resolution of the Thesis and the anapaest re nota allowed: so the rea ling
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in II. 8, 34, is certaini corrupi hin caesura is alwaysthe Penthemimerat. 12 Iambic Dimeter Hypercatalectic Alcaeus)
This is sed by Alcaeus and Horace a the thiri verseos the Alcai and loga indi Strophe, and there fore thed hesis is neve resolve l. his verse CCur oni in Horace in the forin ive above. In Alcaeus the sirs and stlisyllabies an e either long or hori. The Anacrusis is generali long in the rs three book of Horace' Odes, and always long in the Murth.
Used by Archilochus and Horace a the seconi verse of the pode, and in Synariete verSe ; by the ther
poets also a a Separate meaSure.
d his metre is common in the Gree and Latin drama, and resembles Closely the ambi Trimeter, excepi thali is much more stricti formed in the Gree tragedy. Resolution of the Thesis ahes place mos frequently in the neve Dei and in the res hal of the verse - very seldom in the eventi Thesis. In resolving the Arsis, Euripides sirs daret to mahe seos dissyllabic oriis, o the penultimate ani final syllabies ostrisyllabies. Ver raret do tW monosyllabies CCur in the Resolution is the are o Closely Connected illi a sollowing hor syllabie. The dactyl in place of the sponde is no allowed. The caesura salis in traged without exceptionaster the secon dipody A sch. Pers. 64 Soph. Philoct.14O are Corrupi rea lingS). Is the fixili Mot is a spondee, it cannot be a dissyllabieor the nil o a polysyllabie. 13 Trochai Di meter Catalecti
Used by Archilochus and Horace in Synariete erSOS With a precedin Dactyli Tetrameter.
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d his is used by Horace, in imitation o Alcaeus, in theodes The caesura salis aster the Murth and ighth seel.
18 Glyconic Sappho. Anacreon i in Horaces in the
with a two- syllabie Basis is an convenient quantity. This licens belonged ais to the Pherecratean and Asclepiadean verses, hicli ere derived rom the GlyconiC. Catullus, the redecessor os orace, Sed a the Basis os the Glyconi and Pherecratean generali the trOChee, more raret the sponde and iambus Horace, O eVer, SeSthe sponde exclusivel a the Basis of at these verSeS, SCatullus oes in his Asclepiadean verSeS. The tragedians allo in the Basis of the Glyconi versebeside the trochee, spondee, iambus, and Pyrrhic, also the tribrach, and Euripides even admit the anapaeSt. Sophocles, and much more frequently Euripides, Create lver varied ornas of the Glyconic hi cone pol schema Asi)b means os a displacenient of the dactyl and therlicenSeS. Log oedi Metri .
19, Pherecratean Sappho, Anacreon
This verse is sormed by the insertio of ne Choriambusaster the Basis, a the ollowin verse is formed by the insertion o tWO. The caesura aster the fixili Mot is alWays observed by Horace though ometimes neglected by Alcaeus.
Two trochai dipodies, divided by a dactyl. HoraceemPloy alWays a ponde in place of the econdoroChee. In Sappho the Murth syllabi is ither long or hori, and Catullus has omelime a hor syllabi here. The CaeSurai generali aster the thir Thesis, occasionalty especiallyin the Murth book of the des and the Carin Saec. aster
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The fifth and ighth syllabies are alway sinat. 25 Alcaic Hendecasyllabies Alcaeus :
Logacedi Metre illi Anacrufis, hicli is common in Alcaeus. In Horace the Anacrusis is generali long in thesirs three book of Odes and alway so in the Murth. Alcaeus has osten the origina troche instea lis the spondeebe re the Caesura. The Caesura is Sometimes neglected by Alcaeus, ut ni t ice by HoraCe I. 7, 4; IV. 4, 7, though these verse are Probabi Corrupt).
This ornas the lose of the Alcai Strophe.
ar, Greater Archilochian Archilochus combination os thes Dactylic Tetrameter No. and the Versus Ithyphallicus No. I 6).
The Elogia Distich. 67 28 Elegiambies Archilochus
combination like the prece ling, ut illi the orde of the measure reverSed Thi verse, hiCh OSSesse muChsorce and livetines beCause of the transition rom the Iambic to the Dactylic measure, is res Mund in Horace. A lior syllabi osten occurs in the Murtii Thesis.19. The legia Disticti Callinus, Archilochus).
This is the oldest and mos beautii verse-system os the Greelis a Combination os the Dactylic exameter and Pentameter Nos 1 and ). It was employed osti in Epigram and Elegy. It is omewhat es appropriat sorii lactic Poetry though used by vid in the Fasti and by Propertius. It was a favorite metre among the Greelis, and stili more S among the Romans, ho develope it illi arvellous artistic skili. 2O The Lyrio Strophe i HoraCe.yThese Lyri Strophes o Horace are ali composed os Murlines perhaps in imitation o Alcaeus, ut not of Archilochus.
Here are iven justos in the case of the Distich, the mos usual Schemes of the individua verses. For verything else, e the discuSSion in the precedin Section.