Hauton timorumenos;

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PRE FACE.

THis editio of the auton Timorumenos, underlahenat the eques of the Syndios of the Universit Press is intende so the use of boys at schoo an ordinar students at the University. his ill explain iis main eatures. 1 The Introductio is as hortisses could mahe it Mosto the oints are realed, a the ariSe in the OteS, C. g. the Didas alia, the Prologue, the time an manner OfPerformance an so n. Boys il rea a note i it bearson omething in and at the moment. et The Notes reprintexat the end nolint the oot of the text. asters hous a book With a Clas seem tot unanimous in preferring notes a the end, and while Candidates formonour at the Universit prefer notes at the oot so thei poll-brethrenthe en is probabi the salas place in hicho putthem. 3 There are ardi an Critica rem ark on theteXt, Conjectura readings, o discussion o readings, and thenotes are disencumbere a much a possibi of the ames of Commentator an authorities.

The ex is Fleckeisen' in the Teubner Series alteredin places for the mos part to the readings of the embine

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For the te I consulte Mandis sed reely the Varii ruini dition in the Auctores Classici, rites. 'ar 's edition in the Bibliotheca Classica, agner' edition 1869, his separate German edition os this pia Berlin i 872, M Ashmore' sedition of the Adelphoe and I Ziaigko' editions os the Phormio and Adeli hoe. I have referre constanti to rRoby' Latin Grammar. In revising the proos I ad also besore me the editions os ) A. F. est and M Shuckburgh, the alte by the editor' expres Permission Butiny greates det, is to M E. Abboit, Fello os estis College, ho has most indi revi sed the notes an mademan improve ment in them. At the egi nn in Construesare iveia SomeWhat reel and Otes are more or essrepeate unti the poliat the are meant to illustrate a besupposed to e familiar. The illustrations are alien mainlysrom Terenc himself, o sto in Plautus, to the stud ofwhose orks TerenCe houldie a tePPing-Stone. Pu isti to acknowledge here fuit m obligation to theauthorities I have consulted sor in the Notes ames have been a sar a possibi R ithheld, o bemus I am un- conscious of m debis, ut be aufera domo M sh to confusem readersi filiing the Notes illi nam es. The edition is no critica and an have no attractionSso critica scholars. The criticism Pshali e mos gratesulfor is that o masters h may use the book illi pupiis.

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INTRODUCTION.

Roman Comedy.

The Work of Tereiace 1. Roma=a Come in Comed Spring naturali fro the Italia temperament. It earlies forna nown to us is the venus Fracenna=ri in the nationat Saturnian metre Etruscanplayers ludiones were brought to Rome o the occasio osa peStilenc B. C. 36 an introduce a mimi dance illiflute-accompaniment. Fro the union of the Etrusca playwith the versus Fescennini rose the Satura, so Calle stomlanx satiιra a disti filled illi mixe fruits, ence a in os poetica mediey, a Species of popula drama. Distinc stom his are the fabulae ullanae transplante to Rome sto the Campania tow of Atella These possesse adegre of regula pio accompanie by fixe characters. Roman citigens appeare a actore in the ADIM=rae the tura a performe by proseSSiona non-Citigen Areto=res. At a later date Atella=rae ere uSed a aster-piece to tragedieS,an a suci terme exodia. Nevertheles the Roman Comed with hich e have todeat is entiret Gree in iis origin. Gree influence ponRoma literature date Do the Firs Punic War. Livius Andronicus, a Gree who a brought o Rome a a prisoner of war after the capture o Tarentum B. C. 272 an asterWardsDeed, rought ut the rs play after a Gree original B.C. 24O. He was followed by Gnaeus Naevius, ho celebrate the First Punic War in Saturnia verse, an brought ut play a Rome B. C. 233. Livius devote himself to traged rather than comedy

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Naevius dramatic orks cre maint comi the nexi Poet, thegi eat est os ali, was holi comic. Titus Maccius laurus boria a Sarsina in Umbriamo later than D. C. 234, dic D. C. 84 Wa a mos proli sic Play right. There are stili extant et os hisai undoubted plays, and e is thought to have rit tela more. These a re altare adaptations Dona the e Gree Comedy, os whicli Menander, D. C. 342 - 'hilemon Diphilus, Apollodorus are the est lino vn authors, the Comed os lis and

manners, a distinguished rom the old Comedy, hicii spolitica and personat. Plautus as a creative genius, ullos rollici in mirili and handi in his intricate metres illi greatshili. Os the nex important poet Iallit Caecilius un happii oralysent ment renaa in His Careermearly coincides illi that os theepi an tragi Poet Ennius, . C. 239-ID. He is sal to have been carem in the constructionis his plot S, an to have mwersuli move the Delings, but Cicero ad Att. VII. 3. O condemn Shis Latin He axe the way o Terenc by a much loser adherence to his Gree modet than Plautus ad observe and by introducin a more seriou Vein The HShion able criticismo Horace' da preserre him for his ,eightiness, as it preserre Terenc for his literar Shili. Dicitu= incere Caecilius gravisate, Terentiu arae. Epi St. I. i. 9. 2. Teren . y Teren ce' time a generatio had Sprung pcare fuit trai ne in ree accomptishments. The thought the Gree original immenset Superior to the ough Roman Opie S, an belleve the true method in literature a to deviateas litti a possibi fro in the forara an spiritis the best Greeh

his liberty. He live dependent on and et intimate illi themost Selec an enlightene me in Rome, Scipio Affricanus the

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younger, C Laelius, L. Furius Philus, but apparently unknown to the poetica coterie of the time. Thus hen he had tona his first iece the Andria besore Caecilius sor the approvat of the oldioet Teren e was unknown olim This solation rom the poetica coterie ill explain the nee levelle a Terences that he had turne to belles e tres ithout due preparation ' Haut. prol. 3), hil his clo se relation illi his nobi friend accounts for the insinuatio that he was dependentipon their literar help

That Teren e was helped by his oble friend in his plays, indeed that his play were in part due to thei handS,

Teren e seo his birili, his training an his position could no posses Plautus intimate nowledge of popula lis and Speech in Rome Η infuse into his ritings a polishe and

dignifie Style, a literar expreSSion at once pure an Simple. His laves Spea aster the beSt modet a Correcti a hi more refine characters. Heri notiearly o Dee sociiVely, O Varied a Plautus, buti is more uniformi potished an Correct His great merit is the combination o literar grace illi an eaSyand generali Spontaneou dialogue. Thus e could never popular a Plautus aS. Hewroterio pleas the fastidious ast o a culture circle. He is

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xii IN EO DUCTION.

Successsu in Passio nate Cenes, and want in ira Omi PO cr. He ad heres in ore losely to his ree originals and is in no Sense a creative Poetis clautus Was.

a Rom.1 knight. The facts of his lis dependina in ly pon Suetonius notice os him reserve by Donatus in his commentan . ut his noti eis a compilation os the notes os disserent grammarians in Consistent an osten contradi Ctory. He is sal to have been o medium height Stende and witha hi that hewed his African origi n. The est summar of ancient critici Sm po Teren e SCaesar clamoUS CPigrnm. Tu quoqrι tu in Sisumis, O dimidiate Menander, poneris, et merito, puri Sermonis amator; lenibus algite uti/tam scristis adiuncta fore vis comica, ut aequato vir us follere honore cum Graecis, neve ac despectus parte iaceres ununt hoc 3Iacer o et oleo ibi taeesse, Terenti. This critique at onc cloes sui justice to his refine and gracesul style an marks his ant of comi power.' his limitation ill e best understoo by contrastin his refinedan delicate humour illi the Plautini sales, coarser. ut armore riginal, more genuin et Comi an more Popular. 3. The Vo=is of Teren . The Si play writte an dexhibite by Terence a Rome re ali extant. The are Ontaine in numerous SS. divide into two classes, I the very ancient Benabine, and 2 a clas derived rom the textis CassiopiuS. V poSSeSMalso the Commentarie of Donatus and Eugraphius, important didascaliae to the play and metrical argumentS.

i Thelembine Code A in the Vatica Libram . is of the

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INTRODUCTION. xiii

4thirrit centur an is alone certainly De Dom the alterationso Calliopius Closely connected with thi are Uictorianus, D, of the Ioth centur a Florence, and Decurtatu S, G, of the IIth or Iath centu G, hicli come Domin olde archetype than clasS 2). a The Calliopia texi is ound in basis ut damaged by arbitrar alterations It depend o the recensio of theunknown grammaria Cassiopius perhap of the Sth century. To these Calliopian MSS. belong the Paris S. , the alican C, the Ambrosian F, and the Basilica B, ali probabi os the Oth century. Facsimiles of these SS. ill e found in

unusuali large honorarium. E. . Pease Transactions of Amer Phil. ASSoc. v. XVIII. giVeSevidelice to he that the original formi the Calliopian recension is tobe ough in Glandio in PCB.

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xi, INTRODUCTION.

The Succession o gooci riter os palliatae i. e. playstranslated rom Gree and represented illi the Greeli ress, pallium nia he a id O end with Tereiice.

This parti expla in Wh his plays ere actedis osten oonaster his death. In the secondial os the secon centur D. Q i. e. Is - I , the earnei turned thei attention to comoedia saltiata Thet ex os the plays a collecte sor rea ling the disserent notices noli histor os ach piece ere brought together, and nnalty the literary, Scenic, and linguisti peculiarities os the writers e re an illed by Roman scholars Among the Sema be nanae L. Itius, Volcatius edi Hus author os thesamoiis canon or lis os poets in orde os merit), Porcius Lici/ius, Aelius Stilo, Aurelius Osilius, and the reat ScholarII. Terentius Varro II 28 B. C. A recension os the ext was underi alien by M. Valerius Probu abolit 3 A. D. Aster Probus later commentator were

Amullius Asper, Arruntius Celsus o the Phormio , Helenius

Acro, Euant ius an Aelius Donatus bout 33 A. D. Hi SCommentar i extant, exceptis the mutor Timorumenos, butin iis present sorm anno ali have come rom his hand. 4. Metre. The et re o Teren e re iambic o trochaic i. e. --, i Sin rhythm, sali in rhythm . Iambi and trOChai verse occur ither in long regula Series stichic ormi Xed in rapi an frequent alternation lyrical . The lyric

The iambis senarius iambic in os 6 feet is modelle onthe familia Gree Iambicorimeter, ut o the ambic Trimeter a modi fiex by many licenceS Thus an anapaeSt might stan in an Mot except the last his rought

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INTRODUCTYON V

elision or unaloephe et Neen the thir an Murth feet was considere enough to malae the rhythmi brea requisite.

The moS Common metreS, after the iambic Senarius, are

For further delatis bout these metre Se Roby, Latin Grammar, Vol. I. Appendix , Spengel, Introd. to Andr.,Dgiatetho, Introd. t Phorm. 5. Proso F. The Prosod of Virgil, Horace an Ovid was fixe by rules forme o Gree modelS. ut Plautus and Terence Canned by ear. The followed the customis popular Speech, hicli a stili in a plasti condition not et finalty fixe by custo an analogy. The introduction o a Systemos fixe rules commences illi Ennius, ho adapte the Greeli hexameter o Latin But his id not affect the iambus and troche of dramati poetry. The Gree rules ere not appliedio these by the early dramati WriterS by Plautus, EnniuS,

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xvi INTRODUCTION.

Γwo ma in Potnt musti noted, i that fines syllabies hic hwe are accustomcd O regari as hori are long a that syllabies long by the Gree rules are frequently hortene l. i sit A number os mal sui fixes, whicli ere originaltylon: hecame hortened in Course os timem in to a tendencyto horten and generat ly, t obscure mal Syllabies heia not

b In early Latin a number os mal Suffixes, originalty sh Ort, under ent, although no universat ly, an irregula tengthening hicli again disappeare in the classica langu age. Frona both these causes e find certain final syllabies treat edas long in Tereiace ut as hori in later Latinci .g the termination us, a facilius aut . O3, the ablative in e, a lubidinem aut II 6 the neuter plura in a a omnia Haut. 575, 42 IOSs, therar perSon Singula in et I and a in the persect indicative and the pre Sent an perfeci SubjunCtive, C. g. iii VII aut . SS, and the preSent infinitive in E , as are Hahat. 724. The number of these cases is much malle in Tereiace than in Plautia S.

2 sa But in iambic ord i the long final syllabie asprecede by a hori accente syllabi it could eco me hori, i. e. an iambic ordiecam in Comed a pyrrhic. Henc the requent horten in os suci imperative a tui Haut. 737, ab Hatit. 87 ntane Plaut. 6I3, here the two lengilis m ne mane occurrat de by Side cavei SpeCiali common. Other form properi iambic hortene in the Same way are bonas Haut 3188, fora Hatit. 426, forum aut. 23. b The si ui ringi omissionis final narundinat s alter the Scan Sion in many aSes obscurum in extremitate dictionum sonat is the dictum os Priscian I. 38 and Quintilian IX. q. 4 agreeS. Finat 3 is frequently omitte in inscriptions. Hen C the Can Sion erim, qui Em fariam etc. e re a ordbeginning ith a ConSonant e. g. Haut . O43. Afri finalci Cicero telis us Orator 8. 16 that iis omission in his outh was regarde as soli ius in his later ear a subruSticum. Finat s like final 3t, is osten omitte in inscriptionS. This factoli explain suci endings of an iambic SenariuS S