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3. I shal there re ive a particula description of the circulatin vesseis of the ihate, villi .hiches have so und the pisces of Lirinaeus agre in Ver materia circuitistan ea and shali hegi vitii the branchial artery. Sect. I. . At thybeginning os the branchial arter thermare three
semilana valves b , he niddie paris of .hieli analogous tothe Corpuscula Morgagni, a re much hicher than in man, and illustrate the iis of these organs in him, a the ver eviden, ly sJst in preventing the return os the bl ood .hen the artet is in action. Betmeen these valves and the principat cavityof the ventricle in the state, there is a cylindrica cana interpo- sed e , the coat Oi,hichiave the sanae muscula texture asthe ventrieterit seis and thei contraction co- operating mith that of the ventricte, e re theiace led, more evidenti than in man, to perceive the analog bet en the structure of the arteries and that of the heart. s. The coronar arteries of the hear domo tali theirri se rona the branchia artery, hich like the pulmonar in mala, is petat entiret on thei lungsi gilis, by sive pair of great branches in the late, and by soti in the pisces of Linnaeus do. 6. When me tali a superficia viem os the sinat bul of
the gilis; hen me refleci, that an organ sor restoring momentum to the lood simila to the lest ventricle of ou heari, is mantiu in fishes and heu surther me conside the extraordinar sige of the ed particles of thei blood me might betempted a fix' ight, o suppose, that thei branchial arter dit no divide into very minute branches, o that it resem
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bled the rete mirabile of the carotid arter os the herbivorous
quadruped. ut aleare viem mill undeceive us. For have
soland that by elegant sel, division an solds of the mem. brane of the gilis, thei sursace in a large state is nearly equales the hole externa sursace of the human Ody. . Thus in caeli side os theiod os a late there are se urdo ubie gilis, ortilis mitti imo sides ach, and ne single gili; or there are in ali ighteen des o furfaces, on hicli thebranchia arter is spreadiut. nisach of theseides there areabout so divisions, o do tablings of the membra ne of thegilis e . ach division has ori ea ch de of it 6 subdi viasio iis, dotablings, o foliis of iis membra ne the tength feach of hicli in a very large sica te is aboli one- eighth of an inch, and iis breadth abo ut one-sixte enth of an noli f). Sothat in the hole gilis there a re 44 oo subdivisons, o solds, the tis sides of each of hicli are equa to the 64th parti a square incli, o the sursace of the hole gilis ima large mateis equat o laso square inches, that is, o more than iri squar feet, hich have been supposed qua to the hole e terna sursace of the humaniody. When aster a good injectior of the artery, a microscoperis applied the whole extentos the membrane of the gilis is seen cove rex ith a beauti fui Met- morti os exceedingi minute esset s. 8. A fishes ta in the mater the respire, in early the
same manne a me ain the i me mathe, it appears that
sonae matter, itheris eles orauris ut orioth, is carried offfrona thei blood ascit passe through their gilis. q. When distille oti os turpentine, coloured mitti vermilion, is injected mith moderate ore in to the branchia arter os a living or recently dead mate, sonae of the colouries par of the i exsudes pon the sursace of the gillia But
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But that these are the oni passages by πhicli themia risu malister esca pes seem ver doti bisul ; as, froni Br. Pristley' experiment i appears that the colour of the crassamentum of theblood an e changed by the atmosphere, though the crassamentum be inclused in an Ox's bladde and covered mith seciuD.
31. In the up permost gil O , hicli is single there abutine considerable e in. 1 a. In ea ch of the seu do ubi gilis thermare imo pria. cipa vetus, an uppe and tander, oine Diogethera a large
1 . The lood sities rom both end of ali these velias, but clites ly at the posterior pari, belmeen the throat anesuppetpart of the spine. 34. Frona the trunks os the branchial vein the bloodias se dire dilue t at the ther paris of the sisti by esteis analogotis to the branches of ourra orta, and whicli me theres ore cali, teries and the gilis and live are the only organs, hicharemo supplied by them sol ely. Sect. III. is. In the Jate the branchia vetus otia together, and then dispers branches in the folloming orderi h).16. The ein of the upperinos gili, hich is single, is Oined by the cana C to the tappermost velit of the secondgili and then, running inmards and upmard sorius an artery Aa a B,
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B mhicli supplies the paris of the tippe jam the ye, thinose, the ear, and ives sinat branche to the ore- partis the
IT. Frona the upperino velit . . of the second illother mali arteries . . are sent orto the ams Aster that a vein cis added, composed of the unde vel iam os the secondgil and upper onera os the hird A litile below the oin ingos ali these ein si retrograde arterga, analogous to Cur vertebrat, is sent orto the brain cerebellum and op of the spina marrom, the branches of hich have large and nume- rotis communications mitti ach other animith the correspondita arter os the ther side; and rom them chiest the en- cephalon is supplied. The the trun M, stom hici, his arter came off, meet a N mitti it sello. Mirona themther sde; aud abolit a finger-breadth lomor, there is ad ted oneach fide, a vein R, formed by the unde vein P of the thirdgill, and upper ein Q of the fourth. II. About a quarter of an in chielom the meetingis allthe above at , is sentis stom ea cli side, at mearly right an- gles , a very large artery V, analopolis in s me meassere totur ubclavian. Λ large branch, a frona the oot of that artery, supplies seme pacis of the lomer a. the running tomard sthe fore- par of the gilis, it anastomose fieel mitti the exteriorend of an the branchia vetus r), aster .hicli it seiad bran-ehes in Q. tho te gilis thenaseives, hicli siem to me analogo us to ou branchia arteries; speciali as rona the sanae par the ear receivescit coronata arterieri h). The est os the great artery, ,hicli I have called likerio ur subclavian. sup
i Tab. I. s. n et fig. 4. P. R, R, R. Cursus songuinis in hae
arteria subclavi forsare retrogradus est; si enim ab initio mine versus ramos movetur, duplicem circulationem nempe mirinorem per a anastomoses et majorem per eo adesse con-
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lippites the numero us and large inu scies and sit on the sideos the sisti, a far dom a the in nea to the anus. 10. At last to the rva Traefore mentioned is addeda large ein X on cachide, hicli conveys thyblood Dom
no assumes lainly the office of an arter resembling uraorta descendenΤ.uo. Froni theriore partis this trun imo arge branchese es analogous to ur caelia and me frateris arteries, a re sentossio the chylopoleti viscera a finali branch rom,hicli enter the livero res nabling ou hepati artery ni0. et I Froni the des os the orta the organs o generatiociand urine re supplied by snal arteries e. e. e. e. te. and romthe lomer par of the truncare sent fimo latera branches f. that mavi compared totur illac arteries, and whicli supply the nauseles and sin a the omer par of the body. et a Miniddie arter g runs irato domi in to the tali vere an protected by cartilage and terminates the ortichflem.
23. Froin the remark Io course of the arteries of thohear and of the branchial and hepatio arteries, simila to that in man, me se clear proo that the blood, hicli, aster pas- sing through the gidis, has undergoue ne circulation , oreta ther here has passed thro hine artet andine ein is tinfit
si sonae office or offices, hich are performed by the bicodin the heari, ait Is and liveta et q. Nutrition oni has been mentioned by authors; ut no suli satishing reas oti has as et been given, Why by one
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dis. Froni the extremities of these severa arteries the Nood is returne to the hear by veins hicli in genera resembletur vena portarum Jῖ and venae cavae o). 6. heia me examine thes Vetras more accuratet , me findrimo venae cavae, a right nil testine, qua in fige and simila in siluation, communicatiniste ely by thei triank in the abdomen, and in ther places, as in thera eari, by theid branches. In both, the branches are much large in theirco urse than at thei terminations and they, esides, forna considerable receptatis of blood For in ance, ach of the abdomina cavae has do tibi the diameter of th cavae conjoinedat he headj and unde the place at whicli the two cavae coinia iniunt cate, there is a large receptacle filood overed by the ovarium in the se male, and by the testes in the male p). In like manner, the hepati Veius e tween the live and diaphracii fora sinus es, the diameter of hicli is te times greater than that of their pening in to the cavae q).α . Upon the whol the join in the solio Ving manner. The vetus sirona theriail, oining with the ilia vein forna thobottona of the wo snae cavae ab II. 24. The the vetiis froni the organs os urine and generation a re added, et . S. At 26. the two abdomina coNa6, hicli are contiguous, com-imunicate reel With ach other. At T a bove the diaphrag- me and ehitid cartilages, hici resemble ou clavicies, the abdomina cavae Oin with the eins, whicli resemble me branch es of our superior caUa at 28. 29, o, ein frona themus cles
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mulates of the bach and latera paris forna a trunk resemblingour right siιbelavian Dein to hicli the interna jugular 33. and externa jugular 34 re oon added. A litile farther hi,
the right vena lava hepatica 31, terminates and this, atria, is o ined to the est vena cava hepatica The communica tingcanal also receives the lood rom a naiddie obe of the liversiliat organ ein divided in to three iobes. The imo cavae s.
at lashmeet; and aster receiving the coronar vein 37 of the
beari, dis charge thenaseive through a round hole .ithisingedges into the bach par of the auricle of the heart.
28. Within the externat juguIa veitas, and at the termination of the internat jugulars, I observe a patris alves, liheto hos in the e ins of the human subjecst. At the termination of the rena vel ne and large branches of the hepati vetiis we si nil single membra ne fixed by thread frona thei e es, resembling the valve of the coronar ve in os uriearis anda the terminationis the the large Velias, speciali nea thelieari, me notini find the orifices contracteii, ut doublingsat thei edges, hich have so a the esse of valves, evenin the ead Ody that me anno fili completet si the eius by thromin an injection in lineis thei branches and et-ween the auricle an ventricte, valves are interposed, vhicti persorin thei ossice vitii great accuracy.
et p. Aser tracing the lood in iis eoiarse, I comparediuith ach other the eoats of the disserent esseis, throngli .hicii it passes. 3 o. When the arge branches of the branchis arteries
and ve iras, o the branches of the orta, formed by the lat-ter, mere placed contiguous, thst mere soland o agre verynearly in thichness, elasticely, and texture nor could I per-
cive that the mali branches of the branchial vein differta fio in the mali branches of the arteries, O that any particu-
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lar place could e potiated ut, at hicli the migh be sup- posed to eas frona performing the ossice of vein and beoin todo that of arteries. ut the Oats of thei branchial veins, oco the branches of their orta seem differas much froni theeoats of the velias hicli compos thei vena portarum o venae cavae, a the coat Os our orta disse stomotiose of our Venae cavae ' . vide The Structure anae hi log o Fishes h A Monro.
Edinib. t 8, fol. maXimo c. ab aen. s. cones hic allereistas atque ob sumtuum moderationem omissas Anglicae linguae 1 gnarus inveniet in versione germanica circumcisa, ab I. G. Schneidero cum annutationibus edita ipsilae 787. in . . tab aen.
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Abdominales pisces 8. Achil ei cutis 38. Aculei pinnarum O. 29. Aculeu 39. Acus 83. Additamenta 39.
Anguilli formes pisces 26. 32.
Aorta 6. IS9 I 8 . Aorta ascendens 46. 47. 8 Aortae asscendentis bulbus Is 9. Aorta descendens 47. 6 I. 89. Aortae descendentis radices . 68. I 6 l. 73. 88 Apertur branchialis 37. I 47. Apodes pisces I. I 3 Qq 3. aqq.
Auricula cordis 46. 46. 37. B. Barba branchiarum 42. I 8. 48. is in I 69.
Branchiae amis 42. 63. 48. 68, 186.
Branchia pocryphi 34. Branche deli ia
Branchia accessbria 48. I 86. Branchin manca 42. a 48. Branchia perfecta 43. Branchiae l. I 8. 68.
Branchiae occultae ieinii ab aliis
detectae nominatae 3 I. Branchialis pinna 6. Branchiarum foramina 37.
Caput 2. Cartilagine pisces s. 78. Cataphracta IO. Catheturi pisces O. 84 86. Catheto platetis piscis I 3. Cauda 9 26 ciet O. Cerebrum 66. Cetacei pisces 8. Character praecipit Us 78. Characteres classium 2. Characteres genertim s. 78. Characteres specierum II 8. Chondropterygii pisces nomen .
Circulatio sanguinis I7S.I87. I9O. Cirrus 34. 39 Clarias si s Ia. Classes artificiales 72. - naturale 73. Clavicula I S. I9O. Clypeus O. Collum et .
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Color constans rori et I. Color variabilis OT. O. Cor 3. 46. IS6. 07. 7O. Corpus piscis . Costae 62. ISS.Cranium I.
Dentes et Iis. Dentium numerUS a.
Dentium situs 2. Diaphragma 48. 43. Ista Digiti O.
Dorsum s. et O. Dueriis muciferi. 34. Ductus pneumaticus S. s9. Is 2.
Integumenta 29. In tes in s . Is T. Iugulares pisces Labia sto. Lams 36. Later 26. Laminae mystaeeae P. Lens crystallina 38. Lien 2. So. Ligyri s. 49. λ 64. q. Linea lateralis 32. Lineae interstitiales 33. Lingua 39 C. Lorica O. Lucius glaciali I . Lucius florifer II O. Lucius feminifer oci. M. Magnitudo I 2I. Malae opterygii 429, 4 I. Malaco stomi pisces. I 26. Mandibulae P. Maxillae Is 6. 74.
Medulla spinalis 66 Membrana branchiomega 84. 86.
Membrana nictitan et q. Is 3 Motus 68 Mucias exterritis q. Muci ductu Gq. Mustuli 66. O. 69.
Nomen generi chim 87. Nomen speciscum III. II p. Nominum genericorum thymologia O3. Nominum resormatio 7. III. Nomen