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os ivlaic necessitates crime and entatis retributioni, the presen ceos an ance Stra curse xviii cla Inalce it poSSi Ne for tacta adite in inario arise, the god' decision in the choice of eviis and the final ustificationis that decision. But xv illi his corresponden ce in ulline ali resemblance ceases in the spirat an intention os thei treat hut differs ment the have noth in in common. Aeschnus Pyrix transpori the audience in to the re ion os myth so the timebeing the live in a. vori xvhere ther orces ac an other lawShol good Euripicies, o sar a conventio allowS, Would transplant the myth in to the naarhet- place os conte inporar Athens. Hi ohsecto agri get his audiencerio regar the tor froin the statui potnt of the present, to judne the CaSe os Orestes a they ut judge a case of iatrici de occurring vitii in their xvnexperien Ce.
O the earlier cenes, the si in man 's couch, the ' letalis os nursing theon inutiae os the tollet se eSp. 2I8-36 :then, too the public institutions os naodern Athen are presup- posed as existing in mythical Argos, ta v couri an a Statutory
αυ χειμων πνευσα γονία ἐτελέσθη. .. ποῖ καταλήξει μετακοιμισθὸν μένος
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atmoSphere. the mythica character belare ine in re animaled by the Sarne thought and the Same Sentiment S. feelin wit The altitude of the vliole state to vard the
vitia regar to their o v aci, re preci Sely What votita be expecte i in modem Athen t vo chitaren vere indu Ced by an ora clerio alte the lax in to their xv hand and put ei moti aer o death. In Sophocles ali men vili honour Orestes, in Aeschylus a is vel come a a deli verer', in Euripides the whole State Se u in horror a ainst hina in Aeschylus his ac restore the ancient dynast to a I moi in
peopte in Euripides it unites in cit in loyalty to the eadusurper δ in Aeschylus although Orestes Ries sortiis first purification to Apollo many iners id in Deein hina mimauit an diae S sociates xvii thousand in harnales interco urse 3 in Euripide ali doors are hut against hini, at speech is deni edhini, non vili persorna the purasyin rite sor hini β: thesul rigo ur of Atheni an a xv, vlaicia refused to the parricide
In reserence to the Trojan captives Pylades says III 5 , οὐδὸν τοδουλον πρις τι, δουλον γένος in Euripides time a laige proportionis Athenia flaves canae stolai Phrygia and Φρύξ was a coinnaonianae sor a
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alone amon inur terer the right os scapin death bynigiat, is exerci sed against in and heona notisve leave theland Although the formis of lax are hept an hecis allo vexa judicia triat, et the popular feel in is o stion that it is dou bisul vhetherae dare appea to plea in perSon, an adverSeverdici is ali along regariled a certain , and the ni mitigationthat he caninumn froni his udges is the perariis Sion to die by hiso vn and 946-9). Such is the altitude os the cit, in generat an Soriar is hec an do it vi thout opent, breat in vitii the nyth, Euripides represent this a the natura altitude viaichonen uould Spontaneousty adopi Stropitius the Phocia at once banished hiso Son sor coiriplicit3 in the crinae Menelaus instinctively quali fies the ac as triplous and in is noth in un natura in Orestes sufferings Talthybius and Dio inede dare not approve Such a forna os aven ging their H leader the a olives os Talth, bius are in dee calle in hi estion, but even Diomede, against vhonam Charge of sal senes can be brought Cana nolarilae in loyalty to Agamemnon than propoSing the nainor
penalty os exile sor his hild ren
For Pyla les hianishinent, se 765-7. For MenelauS, Se 374, 13, I7. Or Talthylbius 888-97. I or Dioniecte 898-mo It is significant sact, illustrative cis Euripi les' treat naen oscitae Dylla, that Talthybius, ultoria e represent a lea ling the attaci against Orestes, vas no Oni regar lectra a genera tra lition as havin rescit Iaina atthe tirne Os his ather' inuriter, biit vas in ali prol at illi represente liby Stesichoriis as actuali hel ping hi in in the naurde os Aegisthus an Clytaeninestra See Jehil , SOPla. El. P. xvii xxi.
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suggest approva of the ac and the me a re a. on e corrected by Electra hei Sel se in the ther three paSsages in via icti theyallude to it the refer in crinae in t vo cases o Phoebus' oracle, in the ther o Orestes' o vn insani tys. The ni othei Character Iulio hoW an Syui path so the matrici des, besidesthei accoinplice P a deS, are the morally vortiales Helen, vlio condemn the ac but throw the blarne n the go 1 and the oldretaine Iulio reporis the debat in the Ssernia : in his speechthe ossicia altitude is maintained the virtuou at an rate Suppor Orestes, hi enenate are ei ther ivlched oroni Sgui ted. But me partis an character of the reporto Inade Clear tib iis exclusion o Diomede rom the rank of the virtuous an iis attemptrio attribute the reSult to the vi Sophi Stries of a plauSibi demagogue in face of ou previou knowledge that the cityneededio perSua Sion to paS A. Verdictis condenanation). The matrici de thenaseives in thei laeariS oin in the generalcondenanation the have, in deed, an excuse in theorihoridi Oracle o Phoebit S but the thenaseives have go tocide tristi doubi in righteotis nes of the command and thesincerit of the go who gaverit: the excuS Inay
the Sed in private argument an a a Salve to their o vn consciences : ut thei belle in iis validit, is o light that it is no even Suggeste in thei defence at the publicorial The Aeschylean Ore Stes sole See lais xv tria an the enge ance of the Erinyes, biit stili goe un Staiunt in to hi taSic vitii perfectconfidence that the conaniandis asciust an inat the god vill
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fave hinai; viae the ac is done and the Fumes are at handientes to Phoebus an aster long persecutioni sea an landae can Still say that sociar he fimis no fauit vitia his sale.. The Orestes os Euripides loes inclee appea to Phoebus viae themadnescis pon him, and when presse in arguiment refers theblanae to the god 3 but vhen alone vitta Electra aster his fit is ove he expresses hi inne conviction 283-93ὶ Phoebus, hesays, has incite hinario an impio us deed an tias then deseried hirn Agamernnon hi in self would liave inplore hinario Spare hisna Other Since lae murder vovi no restore the dea totas butoni bran e vilis the living consesse tomenelaus ilia it
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9ὶ but in ine omne passa gesti admit inat the god vitii divine negligenceris Sio v to ac ao an heloes no attempto desen in oracleagainst Menelaus charge of vickednes Mid injustice I8-19ὶ an in the ollae passage ine liope is ut in in soran of the question, is notthe go susiicient to rescire nae 3 -a question to xvlaici lae et se uliere Ve or aSSume a negative ans ver Wim this quali fie exception ine possibilit o divine helmis ignore throughout in play stona in firstine matricides trus centres in Menelaus alone 52-3, 67-7O 2 3- , 8), and wlae lae satis inem alicis give u sor loSt 722-3, 3 and 736, 755ὶ 'Vlaen, at Pylades suggestion, Oreste decides o saceth assemisy, he appeal to his satiae sor hel 796-7 l ut in alces no prayero Phoebus Aster in verdici, viae death Seenas certain, edeterini ne to flatter himself vitii the baseles but leasant reana thathe nia 3 et be Saved then, i ever, his saltia in the god' hel stiould have spolien ibiit it is silent he inalces no allia Sion to the ne prospectilia inight have ove sonae basis to the illusion e visite to entertain, and he ook so the reali sation os his dream noto the god, ut tosorne unsoreSeen realcis fortune Di 72-6ὶ Finalty on reparin sorthei las desperate essori, the natrici de do indeed involce Aganae in non's help, ut reathe no voret os Phoebus. Indeed they seel theinselves accurSed os the go is sa 68, 97 in and in Orestes' yes Scape, sincerit
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ostensi Ny the myth is to e justi fiet', he hostile potnt of vi ex must be ut in the mouila os ne via in appea ranceis discrem ted by the psho os the play the person electedis , nilarus the Spartan his vi ex is that os an Atheni an bor an bre unde the code os Draco Oreste S, ae ab S, Shouta liave had reco uis to the laxu an Should have prosecuted his nother in amo uri os justice: he deserve death, certaint v, but it vas not for in to talce the lax into his xv hancis an dicili her: there by he has Sinipi cro vne her crinae by an Vengrenter crirne of hi o vn. I the custona os exactingitoo sorblood is perimitted xx here vili it top Each ac os vengeance vilibe in iis turn a crinae callinisor revenge and there vili beno en to the series of naurders' Our ancestor did vel xvii enthe excluded the natardere frona ali intercourse vitii hi sello iv citi etens, but so made his naurde r. This i the Attic lax unde Whicla lae nautalerer could avoid the punishnient os death by goin into exile and Rhil in exile could o b hi ded*: the ancestors V are theeari Athenian wlio trans fornie the pri imitive cuStona os reven e Sanctione by the nationa nayth in to the legalprocedure viaicli Draco codi fieci . Ut exue honi his igherstandpo in os latinian lax the od' conanaand is See at iaceto', ita timorat: the arguanent os Tyndarii are unanSwereda the were unanS verable or an Athenian audience Orestes in repl3 SM-6o4 say that in ille conflictis clainas te hosellae ather' Si de that his naotlaer' guil Wa n gζraevalued thyadultery that he deίith vas a beneficiat varia in to Greelc vonaen, viro, is heie vere nolunt Slinient, vota ut thini nothingis
εῖρπειν ἐν της Οὐ παθοντο πατρidos ἱκαιον εἶναι, κτείνειν δ οὐχ ὁσιον ἁπανταχοῖ.
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admitte by Tyndariis himself incleed he expressi says athis augia ter deserve the penalty of eatli 338ὶ but theyevade his pol ni stat the penalty liould have been sue sor in
δεδρακότα οὐ φόνου, οὐδ' ἴτω κύριος γίγνεται του λοντος, ἀλλ' ἐκείνουμὸν o νόμοι κύριοι κολάσαι καὶ ἶς προστέτακται, ψ δὲ ἐπιδειν διδοντα δίκην ἔξεστιν, ην ἔταξεν ὁ νομος, ὁ ἁλοιπα, πέρα δ' οὐδὲν τούτου. In ille earlier partis lae pla Tyndariis Spealc illa uiliorit Onhelial os the whole Spartan state an forti id Menelaus to et Mot onSpartan soli is he hel ps Orestes 537, 26ὶ In Apollo' reconciliationi mention is naade os 3 nclaius and Menelaus is ordei ext g and
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The aut lies parti in his o vn temperament, viai Cla exhinato Sacrifice ait to ethics, parti in circumStances, vilicia forcedlairn to vori in an uia congenia mediunt an fomade hinario expressipent, the docti ines that he vis hexto advocate. THE EARIN O THE PLAU ON CONTEMPORARY VENTS.
That the Greel Tragedians and Speciali Euripides ena-ployed their play sor lae purpos os expressing their o vn opinion on politica and ther matter is a laci vhicla seein Sprobabie a priori, is habituali talcen or grante by the
os assair in Athens at the lini oscit production. The date is fixe by the scholiast on line 37 a sali in in the archonshipo Diocles Ol. 92 4ὶ that is to a the play va producedearly in O8.
victorie at C, nos sena ha hieen solio vel early in io by the coimplete destructio os the p. tria fleet a Cyzicus Athens
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Va Once more Supremerat ea an Sparta made vertures sor
the continuance of the war could urge that nopeace uould be permanent via icta di no leave ne si de or theother vitii an undis puted victory the Peloponne Si an var vas alis an de ath struggle an no arran genaeni vhicli est the two conabatant on a cona parati vel equat Motin colita be anythingimore than a temporar cessation os hostilities to vliosea luantage litem vas it that hostilities hould eas sor a viaile attiae present crisi Sy Vas it to the advantage ostiae Atlaenians in the loo tide os victor o to the ad vantage of the Spartans vhoSe gooc fortune eenae at iis ebla Obviousty the atter