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describe the ordinar German ingshi by contrast to that os Maroboduus a tumul uarius, mobilis et ex volun au parentium constans
principatuS. nec . et as the power of the kings is no absolute and unlimited soth generat maintain thei positio by the influenc os example athertha by the exercise of authority by the admiratio in laci hicli PreSence of ind ConSpicuous gallantry, a foremoSi place in the batile- fiet inspire. Caesar say VI 23 that these generat in time o war had the poweros lis an death. 3 et agant CL Agric. c. I 8. The subj is the subj of purei hypotheticalprotaSis, impi statin the condition require sor admiration not contemplating the actioni definite PerSonS. p. 35. 3 admiratione is in loos appoSition to exemplo, nothe way sexpressiniit a the admiration result in stom the qualities expressed by
ceterum used here, as requently in the comedians, in iis primary
non quasi in poenam and by them inflicte no by way os punishment, or by orde homili generat, ut a the execution o an ordersrom the god. in is consecutive, cs. Agric. g. 6 l. 26, Germ. C. O l. 26.4 ingies prob. mage of Sacre animais, Such a the wol sacre toWodan signa, SymbolS f. C. 9, t. I. cuneum a divisioni Mot-soldier asippoSext turmam. signora the poetic and post-Augusta SenSe of near blood relations, especiali children. f. Agric. c. 38 l. 6. unde relative to in proximo. titulatus used as λολυγμις speciali os the ries of Women expreSSing Variou emotions, O gries only. Caesar se the wor of the cry os me as ei as omen in andie re batile, B. G. V. 37 VII. o, a does iv XXXVII. I 7 generali the ululatus of women in batile is distinguished rom the cantu of men. audiri J the se of the histori infinitive in a subordinate clauseoccurs in Liv an in TacituS, CL Anu. II. 3I, Hist. III. I. T. Peal Sas i the scene ere elare im perhaps he had Verg. VI. 55 in his
min hinc exaudiri omitus, et Saeba Sonare Perbera.
hiri estis is o regulari a maSculine or that . se the masculi negende though speahin os Women, an attracis the pronou accorditigio the regula idio into the Same gender f. c. 28 l. 8.
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Sanctissima comparem. 8 feminis inesse sanctum aliquod the are themost sacred or solemn witnesses, o account of the religious regardsor omen among the GermanS.Io maximi i.e mos important, mos highi regarded. 11 ferunt so them to admire. Mi re to examine closely,' estimate,' criticise, a classica use of the word the omen not ni counte the number of the wounds, ut examine the nature estimate the importance of them. The women a ted a surgeons, ut that is nodi suoin here rather the fortitudewith whicli the gave the me credit so their oundS. 1 Destant T. is son o combining concrete an abstraci in the fame phrase, ut the result here is ver harsh, gestantieing ulteri unsultableto hortamina, unies it were possibi to understand by the lalter ordmateria encouragements beer, for example The frequentative implies the goinguo an sto as Occasio required.
16 impatientitis Athe Della more intolerable ear, lit. Da wit IesspoWe to bear the ear), the adverb though grammaticali qualisying the
Predicate, in SenSe expresses an attribute of the Subjeci, cf. Liv XXVII. 28 3 afaciter moti fiant.
here the ord means Somethin commanding we a bein Speciallyunde the protectionis, countenanced by the gods, a tribune a Rome were sancti because the were protected by religious Sanctions.
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th name a pronounce Veleda, captivaeque reces Veledae.
numi=ris divineaeing. 'loco 'as. habitam, regarded. sed et cf. c. 6 l. 6. et Aurunam' nothin is know of this oman the formis hermameis uncertain that in the textris a conjectural emendatio of the pellingos the MSS. an means one horis gisted with mySterious poWers. 'alias Gauna a prophetes is mentioned by Dio Cassius as flourishingin the eignis Domitian after Veleda, ut he an hardi have been in
T.' min here, as olim in forme times is clearly opposed to vidimus We have seen in ur times. Suet. Claudius c. I mentions a GermanWoma humana anastior ho me Claudius and sorbade hi in the Latiniangvage to carr his armcfurther.
The meanin is that the Germans regarde these omen a endowed with Supernatura powers in accordance illi the traditionat belles of their nation, and reate them illi religious veneration accordingly. There was nothing like the Roma deification o women by way o adulationan compliment, S, sor example, hen the Senate pronounce Drusilla, Caligula' sister, a goddess. The Germans acknowledged divine powers, but di not suppos the could mali them. CHAPΤER IX. et Mercurtans Paulus Diaconus, author os, histor of the Lombard in the beginning of the th century say modari ... ipse est qui apud Romanos Mercurius dicitur. Caesar B. G. VI. I say the Same of the aut asT. says here of the Germans. The identificatio ma have been dueto similarit os attributes, cf. c. 43, ut atham iVe reason sor Supposing that the Romans may have found in German in the ames Marcom an Irminiame Sumcienti likemercur an Hermes to leadio the identification Compare Cox, tholo C. V. i. p. 19.26 unaanis cf. c. o Ann. I. I, XIII 57, rom hicli aSSageS, Sweli as Domithe writerS, it appear that human sacrifices eremo COn- fine to the worshi o Mercury. The victim appea to have been
Ictare with dative to propitiate or appease, as in Cic. pro Flacco 38. 96 litemus Lentulo.
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Hercti viri s. c. 3 l. I. As no German deit can e discoveredwith a nam like Hercules, we are force to suppos that the identification here is by similarit os attributes. The German o meant is probabi Thor, hoSe ham mer might suggest the clubi Hercules. Marum as a godiar, apparenti a go of war, appear in Saxon mythology, it is possibi that the identification here may be by nam aswel asi attributes I atham in loc. et concessis is probabinio e understoo as opposed to humanis al-lowed by ordinar usage,' legitimate, cf. Ann. XIV. et studiis honestis
p. 36. I deorumque &c. the give the ames siod to that mystic
power hicli the See illi the ye os adoration only. The mean in is, the havem image of Ods, no vili temples the worShip the supernatural something hicli the belleve inhabit the consecrated gro vexandvroods, an to thi the give the ames os differentinod in disserent
secretum i explained by quod . . . vident it is omethin seli, ut notseen, illi an additiona implication o somethin mysteriou and Supernatural O the effectis Wood assisting such a seelin cf. Seneca Ess. 1 si tibi occurrit vetustis arboribus e solitam altitudinem gressis frequens tactis, illa procerita silvae et secretum loci et admiratio uulbraesdem numinis facit; ordSworth, Nutting,' so there is a spirit in the oods.'
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CHAPTER X. 3 iussicia used in quite a genera sens here, 'divination, i.e using means o loo into the future. sortes augur by tot, the word is used in the oracula sense hichit frequently has but with the notionis actualdot-Casting. ut qui maxime stricti an elliptica comparison is practicali a Superlative adverti, Cic. ad Div. XIII. 63 te semper colam et tuebor, ut quem dili entissime. 5 Surculos stior sticlis. 8 caelum sufficiens so that he could exercis no choice, ut too the Stich a the camerio his hand.
nulla contrar to the Roman practice who wenti divining ill theycouldiet, is possibie, a favorabie omen. in eundem diem instea of eodem die, ecause of the de of the timeover hicli the prohibitio extended. ti es the trustworthines of the auspices is further caresuli tested,'
i. e. surther mean are adoptexto malae sure that the result of the auspice-takin canae relied upon sor exigitur cf. C. 7 l. I. adhuc cf. Agric. c. 33 l. o the ther mean may be hos mentione in the nex passage, ut T. does no say so et illud quidem introduces the ac that divinatio by animal also in the ways nown tolli Roman was practised among the Germans, in opposition to the Specia mode of horse-divination peculia to themselves. For the se fet... quidem introducing therars clause of a concessive Sentence illi orwithout tamen ollowing, CL LiVy II. . . I aUium . . . inter mare in apposition to illud. 1 isdem the Samerus ere mentione abΟV C. 9, t. 32. 15 contacti I implies pollution, cs. Dialog. c. et nullis conlacra vitiis
16 pressos a poetica way of expreSSin iunctos, Cf. Vid et G. II pressique iugo remuere iuvenci. a committunt set to figlit, os Suet. Au fugiles Latinos commiuere
r praeiudicisDrior his generat applicatio of the legat term f. Caesar B. G. II. 3 et belli Africis eiudicia sequimini. CHAPTER XI.
r6 principesJ elective magistrates but ver possibi eligibilit so the
magiStracy was an hereditar Privilege os certain familieS, s. c. 13, . Ι)
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who administere justice in thei respective sagi c. Ia l. IJ, an in war ought each at the ead of his comitatus c. 13 . In monarchicaltribes, hei administrative powers ould ary accordinito the perSonalpower of the king. In non-monarchica states the forme collectivelythe chie magistracy, meetin to dispos of matters of leS importance, and of ordinar routine on theiriwn authority, and preparinibuSineSSfor the nationat councit, Stubbs C. H. V. I, p. 27-29. Ome au thorities talae the principes here tot the nobiles generally. maioribus wouldie maint question o Peace and war, election ofmagistrateS, and triat os important Offences. 27 Da...ut everythin however hicli, α, eing, c., lit. o such conditionS that, c., the Ver Common restrictive or modis ying Se f
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ar et 'rincipes apparently the fame a in c. II though at sirs sio it
et moris cf. Agric. c. 33 l. 6. 28 Suffecturaιm sc armis, that he illi equa to the se of them.'3o DTa m togae virilis sumptio. p. 38. 1 insignis c. this passage has been ver variouSi explained. It would be impossibi here to discus ali the explanations. eeping the ΜSS. readin celeris and there seem to e no Sussicient ground foraltering it the natura meaning ould seem to e that distinguishednoblenes o distinguished services o the par of thei sather entilled certain ovilis to lairn the dignit of the principate Such a claim however ould impi oni eligibility. To ecome actua principes, the must e propose to an elected by the concilium. eanwhile suchis ouili attachen himself to another princeps, as a member of his comitatus, ut holding the position sorio Say of a princeps probationer. The readin ceteri, illi hicli adulescentuli must e supplied tosuppi nobiles ould e Ver sor edi Seem noto account for nec rubor, α, there a n reaSOno Suppos that ordinaryIouilis ould see any sham in joining a comitatus dignationem frincipis might mean, Specia regar homo princeps, and Such a translation ould obviat the main dissiculi of the passage, ut the tenor of the paSSage generali and the wor etiam in particula seem to e against Such a
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I et Igationibus abi. os instrument, the are Sought ut by means os embasSies that is embassies are sent to solicit thei aid. I plerumque 'ver osten, a flerique frequently mean not most,
profligant dissipate' bella must apparenti mean o actuat, ut intended wars hostile demonstrations prosi are bellum generali meansio brea the hac of a war, o deat a decisive bio atrit, hil conscereis to bring it actuali to a concluSion. CHAPTER XIV. 1 iam vero os Agric C. 9, t. 7.16 infame . . frobrosum have a causal Sense, it is a fourcei lik-longiniam an reproach, cf. Eris C. I 8 l. 26.18 sacramen tim is the essence of thei allegiance-oath. ' recisuum Sacramentim Seem to e sed like summus mons and the like theiroath in iis mos specia part ' it an hardi be meant that the took more than ne ath. There a probabi suci an ath aken by the comites, o that sacramen tim is to e taken literalty not generali sor abond of allegiance. et ultro J CL Agric C. 9 I. . et ancisitia like dubius, of dangerous o critica Circumstances. et tueare the indes an person os genera stat ement. et equum hom his it would appea that the comites ere CaValry. cruentam victricemqne the blood and victor spear illum . . illam perhaps best though inadequalely, rendered by our definite article, implythat thege ere ell-known objects of ambitio among the comites. et nam gives a reason sor halcis implied in the revious sentence; the war-horSe and the spear er regarde a gist o prires bestoWed by the princeps, probabi out os spolis alien in ar so the regula pay, asit,ere, of the comites a the maintenance at the chiestain' table. quamquam CL Agric C. I l. 7.essulae an pen table et Meaeque and that magnificently i rudely supplied.' assa fusis best alien a gen os description qualisyin epulae. et pro stipendio cedunt passes sor pay, the se of cedere pro to e
equivalent to i no Common. 29 vocare m provocare a challenge. 3 quin immo 'nay, O the contrary, a variant for quin etiam sed by Ρlin and Tacitus. In writer besore iv immo neve sollows anotheru ord in the Sentence.
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voluntar rate. IO armentorum . . frugum l partitive genitive aster the nou sentence
I et sed etim sed etiam a frequently in post-AuguStan riterS. 1 docuimus cf. c. a HAI. IV. 76. CHAPTER XVI. 16 fossulis cf. Agric C. 2 l. I. urbes this is true os urbes properi so called, ut the Germans, as T. himself shows had here and there at an rate hat couldae described in Lati as oppida. 17 sedes the siles of the villages, hichii no adjoin but were spoliedabout a random ove the area include in the pagus. discreti ac diversi disconnected and variousi placeo, the firsi means that the villages ere cattered, the alter that no orde Wa observedin the positionis them That . is speat in here of the villages, notishouses, is clear hom ha sollows. remedium in genera sense, security, derive seo the dea os antidote,' cs. Cic. Philipp. XIII. II. 5 qui tuis venesciis remedium invenit, hich shows the transitio stoin the literat to the metaphoricalmeaning remedium iii appoSition to the sense of the revious state-
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ut &c. as to produce a Semblance of painting and ovilines os colour.' All that . means here is that theras os these coloured eartiis producedan effect in hous decoration resemblin to Some extent the decorationo Italia houses. He cannot mea to impi conscious imitationi thepar os the Germans imitor osten mean simplyrio produce Somethingresemblin another thing, as in Verg. Aen. Ι 89 robore duro stipitibus ferrum sudibusque imitantur obustis.
et aperire to open, in the sense of sorminii, opening, cs. Agris.
et insuper literat, the roos these cellars illi hic layersis clay.