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et cessit iis has passe or been transformed into, m here has cometo e called' so the se L Liv IV. largitio in trium gratiam
CHAPΤΕ XXXVII. et sinum must reser to the extis, C. 35 I. 3, an e dem Seems certaint to impi that T. considere that the Chauci a least is notthe Cherusci were illiincit.
froximi Oceano compared with Ptolemaeus II. II πάντων ἀρκτικω- τεροι Κίμιβροι Seem to mean surtheSt north neareSt the pen ea. et gloria ablative. et lata wide-spread. titraque ripa no rive hein mentioned the Rhine is certainlymeant, and the camps c. mentione are traces est y the Cimbri during thei WanderingS. castra ac salia are in apposition to vestigia the expression is nothendi adys, o the spatia are id open pace round the camps occupied by ollowers of the warriorS. 3o manus 'troops, ' fightinisorces. 3 exitus 'exodus.'
em credibility,' historica truth oh objective se of the
sescentesimum laccordin to the Varronia era 6 Ιm B.C. II 3. n. 50 Q iturum A.D. 98, the year of Trajan' accession. vincituri so long have e been conquering Germany, implies that the struggle was Stillioing n. 6 damna SC. fuere. Samnis this generi or typicalisse of the singula in prope namesis common in Livy. admonuerri give us more frequent lessoni about the uncertaintyos fortune in ar. s. His . . 6 iur is in froelium exarsissent ni Valens animadversione paucorum oblitos iam imperii Ba avos admonuisset give them a leSSon.'
qui e the factis. regno has the fuli Roman connotation, despotism, as the opposition
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acriori has a Leener edge,' ca deal a harperato , a mixture os the literat and the derive senses of the word. Io et isse cf. Agric. c. I l. 5, When on iis own id it tost Pacorus.'Ventidimns P. Ventidius Bassus, the mule-jobber lio in thelevellin times of the civit a roseo be a marshal o Rome andavenge the death of the oblema Crassus by twice deseatin the ParthianS, B. C. 39 and 38. obiecerit the lateruoris instea of obiciat. H Carbone at Oreia, B.C. ΙΙ3. Cassio Longino)J B. C. Io7 Scauro, B.C. IO6. Servitio Caepione Gnaeoque Mallio Pone batile que), B. C. Io5.12 simul obviousi doe not mea that the deseat were Simultaneous, but that the too place in oneraliori War. 1 etiam distinguishes the disaster of imperia times stomotiose of the Republic o the deseat of Varus e Suet. Aug. c. 23 Merivale, K.
nec impune i .e not without Severe loSS. C. Marius B. C. Ioa an Io I.
1 Iulius in the war it Ariovistus . C. 58, an in his expeditionacros the Rhine, B. C. 55.
Drusus in his campaigns against the Cherusci, Chatti and Tencteri,
Nero the emperor Tiberius Nero in three campaignS, B.C. Mand
18 discordiae the hirtee monilis os revolution aster Nero' death, during hicli Galba Otho, an Vitelliu were SuccesSivel emperorS. The allusion is to the revolt of the Batavians unde Civilis, A. D. 69. The revolt sprea to aut an tranS-rhenane Germany Hist. IV. I 237, 5 -86. It was finali crushed an the German tribes drive bach by etilius CerialiS A. D. o. 39 adfectavere Sc Germani. et froximis temporibus that os Domitian who undertoo an expeditionagainst the Chatti, and celebrated a triumphive them, L Ag D. C. 39,
triumphali&c.L have been subjects of triumphsaalherethan victories.'
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24 nunc is emphatic T. here begin the secon portionis his ethnograph os German proper containing the description of the Suebicpeoples ho occupie sar the larges partis Germany. quorum non tin J that is, the nam is nobili nam os one individualtriboea in the caseis the Chatri4α, but is the collective name of a numberos tribes, ach with individua names of theiriwn. The nam is sal tomea the hovering or wavering peopte though som authorities givei exacti the opposite meaning , in reserence to thei migrator disposition. The explanatio of the laci, apparenti inconsistent With .'s assertio that Suebi was ni a collective name, that mention is made, asi Caesar sor example, o individualieoples bearing the name, eemst be that these ere portions of the Suebi stocli that ad not, likemos of the branches, assume a distinctive ame; and OnSequently, When the wandere away to disposses other tribes an occup theirlands, ad made themselves nown to their eighbour a Suebi or mi, the common appellatio of thei stoch. et prop= iis particular,' individual. The disserent set of Suebi hadeach a tribe and nam of theiriwn in contradistinction to the stoc and nam common to ali of them. et obliquare is to carr at an angle. Here it means to comb the hair bachward contrar to the natura directionis it growth, Soracto gatherit into ne and asten it. The sua fastening ould seem to have beenat the back of the head a variet was toriasten itin the crown in isso vertice belowJ. substrinore torii the hair clos to the head. 31 intris confine to. 32 Aorrentem into a shoch, agrees illi capillum and is proleptic, expressing the appearance produced by the process, the hair forming a sorto plum at the baci ori the torio the head.
51. 2 sed a quidem is implied in ea cura formae, this certainly)is attention to persona appearance but innocent.' tit amen amentu*ue 'in orde to mala love orae made love to,' depend on ornantur only in altitudinem c is antithetic Syndeton, equivalent to sed in altitudinem. aditura expresses an habitua condition sor his arrangement of theliat was habituat, o adoptedini in preparation o war fas arriorsready sor a the ador themSelves thus elaboratet for the yes offoemen, o adyto their height ascit,ere quandam), and inspire terror.'
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nobilissimos seem to reser atheroo thei antiquity numbers and religious position a POSSeSSors of the birth-place of the Suebia nation, than to thei valou or militar capacitieS. Semnones the nam Seem to mean the chain or bond eople,' that is, those ho bini themselves to the service of the god. Theirposition was belween the Elbe and the Oder, N. of the Hermunduri aridS. of the Langobardi. et des J subjective, the belles their own and thers' in thei antiquit . rellione by a religious Sage.' silvam the silva emana Ptolem.), ither the Thuringer-wald orthe pree-wald. auguriis Aacts ossices of consecration, a secondar SenSe homthe connexion etween auspice-takin and Consecration, L emptam auguratum, Cic. in Vatin C. O. The auguria here ould e theform o consecratio of themselves to the service of the od Thehexameter, containing reminiScence of Verg. VII. 7o eq. an VIII. 597 eq. i noticeable. Compare the well-known ne in the pening sentence of the Annals Severat Other inStances are giVen by the Ommentator On thi paSSage.
formidine Mawe. 9 eiuMem Sanguinis i. e. apparenti ai the Germans of the Suebian
11 primordia the horridaeginning of thei barbari rite is generalty explaine to mean the eremontes hicli egin illi his horribie sacrifice' butes cannot hel thinking that . meant more by primordiathan inctia, and that primordia ritus means the eremontes hichbegan with the beginning of the nation, the primordial or primeval)
13, . . 16 detis thi go is sal by modern German authorities o b Irmin, the go of at the Herminones, cf. c. et but regnator omnium OokSasci Tacitus meant that the go worshippe here a the supreme god of the Suevi, o probabi os ali the German stoch.
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17 forinna the fortunes,' Woridi circumstances, the regula mea ingos the singula a distinguished rom the plurat, hicli means theconcrete fortune or estate. fortuniis here opposed to the religious positio of the people. i corpore Abody, in the sense of corporate union, CL LiVy, . . The magnum corpus is the nite populatio of theseo oo ULCHAPTER XL.
et Langobaresos the live o the . id of the lower Elbe Thenam os a village ear Luneberg, Bardswlech, Seem to contain a trace of them in thalleighbourhood Velleius Paterculus, II. Io6, calis them gens, iam Ger maret feritate ferociori saucitas in contrast to the magnum corpus of the Semnones T. Perhap alSo means to contrast the nobilit o fierce independence in the ne it the less arithe nobility, dependin rather on antiquityan importanceis position in the ther. et frontis ac periclitando by arm an aggressive Ourage' fer clitando, trying one' fortune,' incurring rish, implie adVenturouSneSS.It was by this Spirit apparenti that theseople gained thei poSition onthe Elbe so the seem to have come originali from utland . Reudigui a nam like Semnones, apparenti implyin religioHS
distinction. odern authorities se in them the centre of the orShipo Ino the eponymo the Ingaevones, a the Semnones ere thecentre of the Irmin orShip.
deinde os loca succession Theyχwelim. E. of the Semnone Onthe R. an of the Elbe, at iis mouth. AvionesJ Mater- ik, in the istand at the mouth of the Elbe. et AngliiD corner-Mik, in . Schleswi Dominiensbortato the Eider. Varini in . Schleswi and S. Jutland. Eudoses N. of the Varini. araeones E. of the Rendigni, uisones . of the Suardones, prob. in ecklenburg. et nisi quod cf. Agric. c. 6, 1. I9. There is nothin noticeable in theSe states, regarde singly and there re there is nothin to a about them), excepi that, c. '; .e. there is nothin noticeable in thesepeoples as individua states the ni remactabie seatur in them isthei common orship of the goddess Nerthus. in commune the unite in the worshi of N. in is consecutive,
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6 numen ipsum a symbol, notis image i the statemen here istote consistent,ith that in C. 9, t. 3Ι. arcanti mySterious'; error, C. St. CHAPTER XLI. II secretiora the wor is sed rom the Roman Oin os vlew, X- preSSing the remotenes of the districis geographicatly as etl a their remoteneSchom Roman intercourge and influence. 1 et rosior Se nobis.1ιt c. to solio the lineis the Danube, as ustio &c.' paulo ante CC. 32 3 . I Hermundurorum the Hermunduri lambetween the Danube and the Elbe, in the region atered by the Saale and the uppe Main the Elbe separated them rom the Semnon . a seem to mea litile more than that them Leptieace With the
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I non instea os non tantum emphasiges the disserence bet ween the H and the ther Germans homel intercourSe illi the Roman on thebank of the river Only.
1 genitusJ in the interior.'16 colonias Ati sta Vindelicorum mod Augsburg Dunde by
sine custode cs. Hist. V. 6 , here the Tencteri complain that the Roman oni allowed them to visit the inhabitant of the Colonia Agrippina Cologne inermes ac prope nudi sub custode. I non concupiscentibus without an Strong expression of destre onthei pari.'I Albis an error T. seem to have thought that the Saale a partifth Elbe. inch Ium ac notum l. e. among the Romans the wo ordiimplytha the rive was a frequent subjecti conversation among the Romans who ad personal nowledge of it, herea in T.' time it was only
olim besore the time of the Varian disaster, and the subsequent campat Si DruSus an Tiberius. CHAPTER XLII. et Varisti Lis sal to e the superlative of a German stem meaning warlike. The Varis i are sal to have been originali a par of the Marcomanni ho stayed ehin in the regio of the ichtelgebirge
When the forme pushed forward eaStward into Bohemia. Marcomanna in Bohemia.
et Quadi in oravi an further Aouth to the Danube in W. Hungary. 24 salisis this is carcet correct a the bulli at eas of the Boii adbeen displaced possibi in the time os the Cimbri invasions besore
themarcomanni est thei home o the ain. sarta SC. St. et frons stom the Roma potnt of vie . et Dammio ablative, cf. C. I. I. 27 ιsque a D to times illiin uriwn recollection. ex gente ipsorum qualis retes, opposed to iam et externos saliuntur. et MaroboduiJ cf. Ann. II 62. The nam is sal to e equivalent to
Tu i nominative Tnder o Turius, elonge apparenti to the Quadi, ut nothing more sanown about him.
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referunt from the sense of reproduce a in c. 2 and Verg. Aen. IV. 329, the Verbiet the ense of resemble.' et quod...patiuntur Secon Subjecto coargoi tributa: the poin is
that the German Quadi impose tribute o these eoples, hicli they
11 alieni enis applies to the uadi only, it ould e nnecessar is the Sarmatae ni ha been mentioned. pudeat the final sor of the sentence eightens the effect The
usage'; a grove hallowed by an ancient formi Worship. 'praesidet Se religioni. et sed Seem to potn to the contrast belWeen the ex of the god wor-shippe and the emale dres of the priest. interpretatione Atranslate into repreSented by Roman equivalentS, 'no simply accordindito Roman explanation.' et memorant the Subject is Roman writers. e P such, i. e. correspondin to the attributes of the Roman deities. misi character,' attributes, the fame se of vis as hen it is sed ofword in the sense of mean ing. 'niamini J the god head of the wi god regarde asin hole. Alcis dat. l. acc. to the diom est ei nomen Cato, cf. C. nom. Aloi or Alcae.
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et fere inari as in the case of the Germanes Sis, C. . et tamen i. e. although there is nothin externatu identis the Germangods illi Castor an Pollux, stili the ac that the worship them asbrother anxyouniis evidence of the identit a sar ascit goes.
lenocinantur properly to pander o or fialter' et in post- Augustan writers to e sed of things, o heighte the effectis a thingb artificia means, cf. Dialog. C. Missa sollicitudo lenocinatur voluptati. et formidine atque umbra feralis 'the terrifyin and ghostly phantom- like appearance of thei spectra hoSt.' umbra cantardi mea literalty the hadows thrown by the arm a Some tali it velut infe tim belowshows that . mean to Suggest that the arm looked like a bod ofghosis stomaelow. feralis is properly connected with the dead, and used in that sense here of a hos looking like me come Dom the regio of the dead. et velut inferntim unearthly,' hellisti.'3o re nantur a Tacitea condensation dweli the Gotones, ho aregoverne by hings. The positionis the Gotones Seem quite uncertain. T. evidenti place them N. of the Lugii and . of the Rugii. a iactius metaphor fro drawin Something tight, o as o ut astrai upon it, .g. habenas amicitiae Ciαὶ with a tighte rein,' more strictiy' the adjectival use of the participieri poSt-Aug.
3 celerae i.e the ther monarchica stateS. supra not bove or beyon Deedom m stili allowing reedom. 'non m is sed ather o degre than time, hei monarch has notye reache the Stage of absolute monarchy.3a protinus in loca Sense qualifies ab Oceano beginning immediatet atthe ocean, that is, the Ballic taeinde, Cf. C. O l. 23.
v. 54. Suionum in Scandinavia.
ipso in with the ocean ali round them. 6 utrimque qualifies prora, a pro at ach en find them always
ready fronte to run into lanci' agit, metaph. rom the Stage, act Or